2021年6月四级真题

2021年6月四级真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowrite

anewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaper

onavolunteeractivityorganizedbyyourStudentUnion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hesetarecordbeswimmingtoandfromanisland.B)Hecelebratedninthbirthdayonasmallisland.C)Hevisitedaprisonlocatedonafarawayisland.D)HeswamaroundanislandnearSanFrancisco.2.A)Hedoubledthereward.B)Hesethimanexample.C)Hecheeredhimonalltheway.D)HehadtheeventcoveredonTV.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Toendtheone-childpolicy.B)Toencouragelatemarriage.4.A)Theywillnotbewelcomedbyyoungpeople.B)Theywillhelptopopularizeearlymarriage.C)TheywillboostChina’seconomicgrowth.D)Theywillnotcomintoimmediateeffect.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Cleaningserviceingreatdemandallovertheworld.B)Twoladiesgivingupwell-paidjobstodocleaning.C)Anewcompanytocleanupthemessafterparties.D)Cleanersgainfullyemployedatnightsandweekends.C)Itmakespartygoersexhausted.D)Itcreatesnoiseandmisconduct.7.A)HireanAustralianlawyer.B)VisittheU.S.andCanada.C)Settlealegaldispute.D)Expandtheirbusiness.SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Hehadadrivinglesson.B)Hegothisdriver’slicense.C)Hetookthedriver’stheoryexam.D)Hepassedthedriver’sroadtest.C)Hewasnotusedtothetestformat.D)Hedidnotfollowthetestprocedure.10.A)Theyaretough.B)Theyarecostly.C)Theyarehelpful.D)Theyaretooshort.C)Findanexperienceddrivinginstructor.D)Earnenoughmoneyfordrivinglessons.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Wherethewomanstudies.B)TheacceptancerateatLeeds.C)Leeds’tuitionforinternationalstudents.D)Howtoapplyforstudiesatauniversity.13.A)ApplytoanAmericanuniversity.B)Doresearchonhighereducation.C)Performinafamousmusical.D)Pursuepostgraduatestudies.14.A)Hisfavorablerecommendations.B)Hisoutstandingmusicaltalent.C)Hisacademicexcellence.D)Hisuniqueexperience.15.A)Doamaster’sdegree.B)SettledowninEngland.C)Travelwidely.D)Teachoverseas.SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhelpfarmerskeepdiseasesincheck.B)Manyspeciesremainunknowntoscientists.C)Onlyafewspeciescausetroubletohumans.D)Theyliveinincrediblywell-organizedcolonies.17.A)Theyarelargerthanmanyotherspecies.B)Theycancausedamagetopeople’shomes.D)Theyliketoformcoloniesinelectricalunits.18.A)Denythemaccesstoanyfood.B)Keepdoorsandwindowsshut.C)Destroytheircoloniescloseby.D)Refrainfromeatingsugaryfood.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Thefunctionofthehumanimmunesystem.B)Thecauseofvariousauto-immunediseases.C)Thevirusesthatmayinfectthehumanimmunesystem.D)Thechangeinpeople’simmunesystemastheygetolder.20.A)Reporttheirillnesses.B)Offerbloodsamples.C)Actasresearchassistants.D)Helptointerviewpatients.21.A)Strengtheningpeople’simmunitytoinfection.B)Betterunderstandingpatients’immunesystem.C)Helpingimproveoldpeople’shealthconditions.D)Furtherreducingoldpatients’medicalexpenses.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Hisstudentshadtroublegettingonwitheachother.B)Alotofkidsstayedatschooltodotheirhomework.C)Hisstudentswerestrugglingtofollowhislessons.D)Agroupofkidswereplayingchessafterschool.23.A)VisitachessteaminNashville.B)Jointheschool’schessteam.C)Participateinanationalchesscompetition.D)Receivetrainingforachesscompetition.24.A)Mostofthemcomefromlow-incomefamilies.B)Manyhavebecomenationalchesschampions.C)Acoupleofthemhavegotinvolvedincrimes.D)Manybecamechesscoachesaftergraduation.25.A)Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B)Thinktwicebeforetakingaction.C)Translatetheirwordsintoaction.D)Takeactionbeforeitgetstoolate.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．ThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas26fromDetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina27totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced28thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad.“Michigan’s29inautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto30ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan’tlethappen,”saysSenatorMikeKowall,thelead31offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould32asubstantialupdateofMichigan’s2013lawthatallowedthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevenseton-demand33ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In34,California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore35rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadytotakethewheel,andcommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.A)bidI)replaceB)contrastJ)representC)deputyK)restrictiveD)dominanceL)rewardE)fleetsM)significantF)knotsN)sponsorG)legislationO)transmittedH)migratedSectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2.HowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100A)TodayintheUnitedStatesthereare72,000centenarians（百岁老人）.Worldwide,Probably450,000.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,thenby2050therewillbemorethanamillionintheUSalone.AccordingtotheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-researchers,50%ofbabiesbornintheUSin2007havealifeexpectancyof104ormore.BroadlythesameholdsfortheUK,Germany,France,ItalyandCanada,andforJapan50%of2007babiescanexpecttoliveto107.B)Understandably,thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforpublicfinancesgiventheassociatedhealthandpensionchallenges.Thesechallengesarereal,andsocietyurgentlyneedstoaddressthem.Butitisalsoimportanttolookatthewiderpictureofwhathappenswhensomanypeoplelivefor100years.Itisamistaketosimplyequatelongevity(长寿)withissuesofoldage.Longerliveshaveimplicationsforalloflife,notjusttheendofit.D)Butthechangesgofurtherthanthat.Take,forinstance,theageatwhichpeoplemakecommitmentssuchasbuyingahouse,gettingmarried,havingchildren,orstartingacareer.Theseareallfundamentalcommitmentsthatarenowoccurringlaterinlife.In1962,50%ofAmericansweremarriedbyage21.By2014,thatmilestone(里程碑)hadshiftedtoage29.E)Whiletherearenumerousfactorsbehindtheseshifts,onefactorissurelyagrowingrealizationfortheyoungthattheyaregoingtolivelonger.Optionsaremorevaluablethelongertheycanbeheld.Soifyoubelieveyouwilllivelonger,thenoptionsbecomemorevaluable,andearlycommitmentbecomeslessattractive.Theresultisthatthecommitmentsthatpreviouslycharacterizedthebeginningofadulthoodarenowbeingdelayed,andnewpatternsofbehaviorandanewstageoflifeareemergingforthoseintheirtwenties.F)Longevityalsopushesbacktheageofretirement,andnotonlyforfinancialreasons.Yes,unlesspeoplearepreparedtosavealotmore,ourcalculationssuggestthatifyouarenowinyourmid-40s,thenyouarelikelytoworkuntilyourearly70s;andifyouareinyourearly20s,thereisarealchanceyouwillneedtoworkuntilyourlate70sorpossiblyevenintoyour80s.Butevenifpeopleareabletoeconomicallysupportaretirementat65,overthirtyyearsofpotentialinactivityisharmfultocognitive(认知的)andemotionalvitality.Manypeoplemaysimplynotwanttodoit.H)Thesameistrueforeducation.Itisimpossiblethatasingleshotofeducation,administeredinchildhoodandearlyadulthood,willbeabletosupportasustained,60-yearcareer.Ifyoufactorintheprojectedratesoftechnologicalchange,eitheryourskillswillbecomeunnecessary,oryourindustryoutdated.Thatmeansthateveryonewill,atsomepointintheirlife,havetomakeanumberofmajorreinvestmentsintheirskills.I)Itseemslikely,then,thatthetraditionalthree-stagelifewillevolveintomultiplestagescontainingtwo,three,orovenmoredifferentcareers.Eachofthesestagescouldpotentiallybedifferent.Inonethefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonalachievement,inanotheroncreatingabetterwork/lifebalance,stillanotheronexploringandunderstandingoptionsmorefully,orbecominganindependentproducer,yetanotheronmakingasocialcontribution.Thesestageswillspansectors,takepeopletodifferentcities,andprovidefoundationforbuildingawidevarietyofskills.K）Amulti-stagelifewillhaveprofoundchangesnotjustinhowyoumanageyourcareer,butalsoinyourapproachtolife.Anincreasinglyimportantskillwillbeyourabilitytodealwithchangeandevenwelcomeit.Athree-stagelifehasfewtransitions,whileamulti-stagelifehasmany.Thatiswhybeingself-aware,investinginbroadernetworksoffriends,andbeingopentonewideaswillbecomeevenmorecrucialskills.L）Thesemulti-stageliveswillcreateextraordinaryvarietyacrossgroupsofpeoplesimplybecausetherearesomanywaysofsequencingthestages.Morestagesmeanmorepossiblesequences.36.Anextendedlifespaninthefuturewillallowpeopletohavemorecareersthannow.37.Justextendingone’scareermayhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.38.Nowadays,manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmarriagebysomeeightyears.39.Becauseoftheirlongerlifespan,youngpeopletodaynolongerfollowthepatternoflifeoftheirparentsorgrandparents.40.Manymorepeoplewillbeexpectedtoliveover100bythemid-21stcentury.41.Alongerlifewillcauseradicalchangesinpeople’sapproachtolife.42.Fasttechnologicalchangemakesitnecessaryforonetoconstantlyupgradetheirskills.43.Manypeoplemaynotwanttoretireearlybecauseitwoulddoharmtotheirmentalandemotionalwell-being.44.Thecloselinkbetweenageandstagemayceasetoexistinamulti-stagelife.45.Peoplelivingalongerandhealthierlifewillhavetorearrangetheirworkandlife.SectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheclassicmarriagevow（誓约）,couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife-notthehusband—becomesseriouslyill.“Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheirdiseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,”saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.“Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefaceofillness,”Karrakersaid.“They’remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey’rethenoeswhobecomeill,they’remorelikelytogetdivorced.”Whilethestudydidn’tassesswhydivorceinmorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecomeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons.“Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsaboutcaregivingmanymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,”Karrakersaid.“Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorcedwomen.”Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespolicymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce.“Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,”shesaid.“Butit’salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedadditionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts.”46.Whatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassage?A)Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.B)Theyareasbindingastheyusedtobe.C)Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.47.WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelderlyhusbands?A)Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.B)Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.C)Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.D)Theyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwives.48.WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofallill?A)Theyaremorelikelytobewidowed.B)Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.C)Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.D)Theyarelesslikelytobothertheirspouses.49.WhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoKarraker?A)Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.B)Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakemoneyforthefamily.C)Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.D)Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.50.WhatdoesKarrakerthinkisalsoimportant?A)Reducingmaritalstressonwives.B)Stabilizingoldcouples’srelations.C)Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.D)Makingmenpayfortheirwives’healthcosts.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive(认知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe“wrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,“butitdoestelluswho’sinandwho’soutofthegroup.”Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewas