高考英语特殊句式

高考英语特殊句式2012,11，28一•强调句型：“Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+原句其他部分”。被强调的部分为“人”时用who/that，否则都用that。注意：被强调部分不能是谓语动词。ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.It'smewhoheblamed.Itwaswhatyoudidthatmademesatisfied.ItisIwho/thataminchargeofthefactory.【考点一】考查not...until结构的强调句，其结构为Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他部分。ItwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeksIfoundwehadalotincommon.A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn'tuntil;whenD.wasn'tuntil;that【考点二】考查复合句中的强调句型Wasit___hewasseriouslyillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday?hecamebackhomethatweknewwhathadhappened.A.WhenitwasB.ItwaswhenC.WasitwhenD.Whenwas【考点三】考查强调句的特殊疑问句结构是：疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分，但这类句型如出现在宾语从句中，其结构为：疑问词+it+is/was+that+其他部分。WherewasitthatyoumettheFrenchman?electricityplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife?A.WhywasitthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhyisitD.Whyitisthat【难点一】正确判断强调句型用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。Itwastheschoolgate___Imetanoldfriendofmineafterclass.Wasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?【难点二】强调句型与Itis/was+时间+when/before从句；Itbe+时间+sinee从句；Itbelong...before...等句型的区别。ItwasatmidnightIgotbackhomeyesterday■②ItwasmidnightIgotbackhomeyesterdayItistwoyears___IbegantolearnEnglish.④Itmaybemanyyearsthesituationimproves.二.倒装定义：为了强调、突出等目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。倒装句分为三种：完全倒装：指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。1)Upwenttherocketintotheair.2)Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.3)Ontopofthehillstandsatalltree.4)Herecomesthebus.部分倒装：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.2)NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.3)Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled形式倒装：在语法上又被称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提置句首，主谓并不倒装。1)Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!2)ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.3)Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.【考点一】部分倒装(1)句首状语为否定词(组)或半否定词(组)的句子。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,notonly,innoway,atnotime,few,not,no等。LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.(2)only+状语放在句首，要部分倒装。注意，only修饰主语不倒装。Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.⑶so/such…that结构中的so或such位于句首。Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.“neither/nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”表示“某人或某事亦非如此”；“so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”表示〃某人或某事亦是如此”。注意：①当陈述部分既有肯定又有否定或者谓语动词既有实义动词又有助动词时，可用下面两个句型：Itisthesamewith...或Soitiswith...。Eg：Jackisastudentandhestudieshard.ItisthesamewithTom.②“S0+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示“某人或某事确实如此”。—Iremindedyounottoforgettheappointment.—Soyoudid.if引导的虚拟条件句含有were,had，should时,可省略if,再把were,should或had移到从句句首。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。Mayyousucceed!【考点二】完全倒装Therebe结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有：exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.“Here/There/Now/Then+come(或be等)+主语”结构。①本句型中there是副词，应重读，强调地点。而Therebe句型中there本身没意义。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Therecomesthebus.②此句型中的主语必须是名词。如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。Thereshecomes.(3)表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。但主语是代词时用部分倒装IncameMrWhite.Awaywenttheboy.Outshewent.表示地点的介词短语(如:onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse等)放在句首时要全部倒装。Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!其他形式的完全倒装。PresentatthemeetingwasMr.Green,aheadmaster.Eastofthecityliesanewrailway.Firsttobecompletedwastheseven-storeyteachingbuilding.Gonearethedayswhenmyheartwasyoungandgay.Lyingonthefloorwasaboyaged15.三．省略省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，。其特点是：虽在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句，这种语法现象称为“省略”然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。。其特点是：虽【考点一】考查状语从句的省略在以when,while,if,asif,though(although),as,whether,once,whenever等连词引导的状语从句中，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be动词时，常省略从句的主语和be,引导词后直接跟不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语等。Lookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.【考点二】不定式符号to的省略感官实义动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾补时,省略不定式to；donothingbut,can't(help/choose)but等结构常接省略to的不定式；在口语中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只保留不定式符号to。但to后如有be,have则保留。Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.Sandycoulddonothingbutadmittohisteacherthathewaswrong.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn'twant.—Areyouasailor?—No,butIused__.【考点三】替代词so/not的省略用于避免重复前面说过的内容,替代词so/not代替肯定或否定的内容。可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I'mafraid,if等连用。否定时hope与guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot形式,而think,believe,suppose等其他词可有两种否定形式,即：Ithinknot或Idon'tthinkso。—Willyoubeabletofinishyourreporttoday?—Ihopeso.—Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?——Iguessnot.四．反义疑问句反义疑问句即附加疑问句,是对陈述句所表示的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前肯后否,前否后肯。两部分的人称时态应保持一致。祈使句的反义疑问句用willyou表示“请求”，或用wontyou表示提醒对方注意；在否定的祈使句后,只能用willyou。Lookattheblackboard,willyou/won'tyou?Let's引导的祈使句表示〃建议”时，反意疑问句部分用shallwe。Let'sgohome,shallwe/shan'tweL/metamyIe?/ushaveatry,willyou/won'tyou?Don'tforget,willyou?感叹句用be的一般现在时的否定式Whatfineweather,isn'tit?主语是不定代词one时，主语可以用one，也可用he(美式英语)Oneshouldbereadytohelpothers,shouldn'tone?含有否定词：few,little,seldom,ha-rdly,not,no,noone,nobody,nothing,none,neither等反意疑问句部分用肯定Heisneverlateforschool,ishe?Hehardlyknowsanythingaboutcomputer,doeshe?含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成，反意疑问句部分用否定结构Itisunfair,isn'tit?主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定；若主从复合句为含Ithink/believe/suppose...that...结构，与从句的主、谓语保持一致。TheyagreedthattheUnitedStatesshouldn'tmakeawaronIraq,didn'tthey?Idon'tthinkhewillcome,willhe?Isuppose（that）heisserious,isn'the?并列句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定Iwon'tgothere,buthewillgoinstead,won'the?therebe句型用thereTherewasahospitalhere,wasn'tthere?含有hadbetter用hadn'tWehadbettergothereatonce,hadn'twe?11.含有情态动词must，must表示“必须”，反意疑问句部分为mustn't...?/needn't...?must表示推测时，反意疑问句部分与must后面的动词呼应。Wemustn'tbelate,mustwe?Youmustgohomenow,needn'tyou?/mustn'tyou?Tommustbeathomenow，isn'the?含usedto表示"过去常常”，didn't+主语或usedn't+主语HeusedtoliveinChina,usedn't/didn'the?wouldrather/liketo+v.wouldn't+主语Hewouldratherstayathome,wouldn'the?五．Therebe句型Therebe结构主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）”，其基本句型为“Therebe+某物或某人+某地或某时”,其中there是引导词，没有词义；be是谓语动词；“某人或某物”是句子的主语;“某地或某时”作句子的状语,多为介词短语。基本结构：Thereisaflowerinthebottle.Therearefourchairsandasmallbedintheroom.特殊结构：1.在正式文体中，某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用，如：appear,seem,come,remain,exist,live,stand,lie,arise等。Thereexistmanyancienttemplesinthecountry.Thereliesasmallvillageinthemountain.Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone.TherefollowedtheFirstWorldWar.Thereflashedthroughhismindtheimageofaheroicfighter.there+情态动词+be表示“预见”、“可能”、“必然”或“过去习惯存在”等。Theremightbesomedessertsifyouwaitabit.Thereoughttohavebeensomeoneondutyallthetime.theretobe或there+being形式，称为非限定存在句，可以作主语、宾语、介词补足语，状Weexpecttheretobenoobjections.Therebeingnobuses，wehadtowalkhome.【考点一】Therebe句型的主谓一致当Therebe后面的名词是两个或两个以上时，Therebe结构中的be动词要遵循“就近一致”原则，即和紧随其后的名词在人称和数上