英语微生物2023年A卷

警示警示?南方医科大学授予学士学位工作细那么?规定：“考试作弊者不授予学士学位〞。南方医科大学2023-2023学年第一学期公共卫生与热带医学学院?医学微生物学?试卷〔A〕适用班级:医学英语2023级1、在试卷上写上姓名和学号。2、请按题目要求，选择题答案涂在答题卡上，问答题和翻译题直接在试卷上相应位置作答。3、采用考卷考试，只允许带1本英汉字典、1本教材和1本配套教材，其他书籍一概不准带进考场。4、考试时请严格遵守考场纪律，独立完成。考试过程中原那么上不允许擅自离开考场。年级：2023级专业：医学英语本科学号：姓名：课程学时数：60考试日期：2023年1月21日，考试时长：120分钟，组卷人：龙北国题序一二三四总分题型A1型题B1型题A2A3/A4型题病例简答题题量15101010总分值30202030100一、A1型题〔单句型最正确选择题。每一道考题下面均有五个备选答案。请从中从中选择一个最适宜的答案，并在答题卡上相应位置涂黑，以示正确答复。合计15题，每题2分，总分值30分〕1.Whichoneofthefollowingagentslacksnucleicacid?以下哪一个选项缺乏核酸?A.Bacteria〔细菌〕B.Viruses〔病毒〕C.Prions〔朊病毒〕D.Protozoa〔原生动物〕E.Fungi〔真菌〕Whichlackcellwallsanddonotsynthesize〔合成〕theprecursors〔前体〕ofpeptidoglycan〔肽聚糖〕?以下哪个缺乏细胞壁肽聚糖的合成前体？A.Spirochetes〔螺旋原虫〕B.Chlamydiae〔衣原体〕C.Lforms〔L型菌〕D.Protozoa〔原生动物〕E.Mycoplasmas〔支原体〕Whichofthefollowingcomponentsispresent〔存在〕ingram-negative〔革兰阴性〕bacteriabutnotingram-positive〔革兰阳性〕bacteria?〔以下哪种成分是革兰阴性菌存在革兰氏阳性细菌不存在的呢？〕A.Peptidoglycan〔肽聚糖〕B.LipidA〔脂质A〕C.Capsule〔胶囊〕D.Flagella〔鞭毛〕E.Lipoteichoicacid〔磷壁酸〕Eachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningbacterialspores〔芽孢〕iscorrectEXCEPT〔以下关于细菌芽孢的说法错误的选项是〕A.Theyareformedonlybygram-positivebacteria〔他们只由革兰氏阳性细菌形成〕B.Theycanbekilledwhenbeingheatedto121.3℃for15～20minutes〔它们在121.3〕C.TheycontainmuchlesswaterthanbacterialvegetativecellsD.Theirsurvivalabilityisbasedontheirenhancedmetablicactivity〔他们的生存能力是基于增强代谢活动〕E.Theyareformedunderadverseenvironmentalconditionssuchastheabsenceofacarbonsource〔他们是在不利的环境条件下形成的,如缺乏碳源〕Mostmicroorganisms〔微生物〕pathogenic〔病原体〕forhumansgrowbestinthelaboratorywhenculturesareincubatedat〔大多数对人致病的病原微生物在实验室的最适宜孵化温度是〕A.15-20℃B.20-30℃C.30-37℃D.38-50℃E.50-55℃A23-year-oldwomanhastenE.coli〔大肠埃希菌〕inoculatedintoherbladderwhilehavingsex.TheseE.colihaveagenerationtimeof20minutes.Afteralagphase〔缓慢期〕of20minutes,theEcolienterthelogarithmicphaseofgrowth.After3hoursoflagandlogarithmicgrowth,thetotalnumberofE.coliis〔一个23岁的女人在做爱时有十个大肠杆菌(大肠埃希菌)跑到了她的膀胱里。这些大肠杆菌繁殖一代需要20分钟。经过(缓慢期)的20分钟,大肠杆菌进入对数期的增长。经过3小时的缓慢期和对数增长期,大肠杆菌的总数是〕A.90B.1280C.2560D.5120E.1000000EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthekillingofbacteriaiscorrectEXCEPT〔关于灭菌，以下说法错误的选项是〕Thepasteurization〔巴氏灭菌法〕ofmilkkillspathogensbutallowsmanyorganismsandsporestosurvive〔牛奶的巴氏灭菌杀死病原体但允许许多有机体生存和孢子〕B.Seventyfivepercentethanolkillslesseffectivelythanabsolute(100%)ethanol〔百分之七十五的乙醇杀菌效果不如(100%)乙醇〕C.Anautoclaveusessteamunder15lb/sqofpressuretoreachthekillingtemperatureof121.3℃D.Somecationicsurfactantscankillsbyincreasingthemembranepermeabilityofbacteria〔一些阳离子外表活性剂可以通过增加膜的通透性来杀死细菌〕E.UltravioletlightkillsbycausingtheformationofthyminedimersinbacterialDNA〔紫外线杀死引起细菌的原理是影响细菌DNA的胸腺嘧啶二聚体的形成〕8.Eachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningmembersofthenormalflora〔正常菌群〕iscorrectEXCEPTA.Areusuallynonpathogensbutcancausediseaseinimmunocompromisedpatients〔通常是不致病的,但可以导致免疫功能低下的患者发病〕B.Preventsomepathogensfromcolonizingmucousmembranes〔防止一些病原体附着在黏膜上〕C.Arepresentinlargernumbersinthecolonthaninotherpartsofthehumanbody〔人体结肠存在的正常菌群比其他地方的多〕D.AreimportantinkeepingthepHoftheurinelow〔是保存尿液PH的重要条件〕E.Playanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofimmunologiccompetence〔在免疫中发挥了重要作用〕9.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningfungiandbacteriaiscorrectEXCEPTA.Yeastsreproducebybudding〔出芽〕,whereasbacteriareproducebybinary〔二分裂〕〔酵母出芽，细菌二分裂〕B.Somefungiundergodimorphicchangeswhentheygrowintissue,whereasbacteriadonotC.Fungalsporesarelessheat-resistantthanbacterialendospores〔比起细菌内孢子，真菌孢子不耐热〕D.Bacterialcellspossesspeptidoglycan,whereasfungalcellsdonot〔细菌细胞具有肽聚糖,而真菌细胞没有〕E.Bothbacterialcellsandfungalcellshave70Sribosomes〔核糖体〕〔所有细菌都有70S核糖体〕10.WhichVirusislikelytoestablishlatentinfecions?〔哪个病毒可能建立潜伏感染〕A.Herpessimplevirus〔单纯疱疹病毒〕B.Denguevirus〔登革病毒〕C.Influenzavirus〔流感病毒〕D.Rotavirus〔轮状病毒〕E.HepatitisBvirus〔乙肝病毒〕11.Theabilityofavirustoproducediseasecanresultfromavarietyofmechanisms.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisLEASTlikely〔以下病毒产生疾病的机制中。最不可能的是〕A.Directcytopathiceffectinvirus-infectedcells〔在感染病毒的细胞直接细胞病变效应〕B.Malignanttransformationofvirus-infectedcells〔病毒感染细胞让其恶性转化〕C.Immuneresponsetovirus-inducedantigensonthesurfacesofthevirus-infectedcells〔免疫反响病毒诱导感染病毒的细胞的外表抗原〕D.Productionofanexotoxinthatcausesdamagetohostcells〔生产的外毒素引起宿主细胞损伤〕E.Empolyingsomewaystoinducehostcellsapoptosis〔凋亡〕Interferons〔干扰素〕areanimportantpartofthehostdefenseagainstviralinfections.Whatisinterferons’principalmodeofaction?〔干扰素的作用方式〕A.TheyhavedirectantiviralactivityB.TheycoatviralparticlesandblocktheirattachmenttocellsC.Theyinducesynthesisofantiviralproteinsthatinhibittranslationortranscriptionofviruses〔它们诱导抗病毒蛋白质的合成,抑制翻译或病毒的转录〕D.Theyprotectthevirus-infectedcellthatproduceditfromcelldeathE.Theyaresynthesizedonlybyvirus-infectedcells13.Neutralizationantibodycanbindvirusesanddeprivethemoftheirinfectionability.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisLEASTlikely〔中和抗体可以绑定病毒和剥夺他们的感染能力。哪一个最不可能是以下语句〕A.Killingvirusesdirectly〔直接杀死病毒〕B.Changingviralsurfaceconformation〔构型〕topreventviralabsorptionC.Bindingviralepitopes〔表位〕associatedwithabsorptiontokeepvirusesfromenteringhostcellsD.FormingimmunecomplexwhichcaneasilybephagocytosedandclearedbyphagocytesE.Combiningwithsurfaceantigensofenvelopingvirusestoleadtocomplement〔补体〕activationandvirallysisWhichoneofthefollowingstatementsdescribesanadvantageofkilledvaccinesoverattenuatedlivevaccines?〔以下哪一个语句描述了一种减毒活疫苗的优势?〕killedvaccinesinduceabroaderrangeofimmuneresponsesthandoattenuatedlivevaccines〔死疫苗能引起比减毒活疫苗更广泛的免疫反响〕B.killedvaccinesmorecloselymimicnaturalinfectionsthandoattenuatedlivevaccines〔死疫苗比减毒活疫苗更类似于自然感染〕C.killedvaccinesposenoriskthatvaccinemightbetransmittedtosusceptiblecontacts〔死疫苗没有接触传播的风险〕D.killedvaccinesareefficaciousagainstrespiratoryinfectionsbecausetheyinducegoodmucosalimmunity〔死疫苗对呼吸道感染有免疫作用,因为它们可以诱导产生粘膜免疫〕15.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerninghumanimmunodeficiencyvirusiscorrectEXCEPTA.ThevirusparticlecarriesanRNA-directedDNApolymeraseencodedbytheviralgenome〔病毒粒子携带一个RNA指导由病毒基因组编码的DNA聚合酶〕B.Thevirusconsistsoftwoidenticalofsingle-strandedRNA(diploid)〔病毒是由两个相同的单链RNA构成的二倍体〕C.ThevirionisenvelopedandenterscellsviaaninteractionwithreceptorCD4moleculeandcoreceptor(CCR5orCXCR4)onthehostcellsD.Duringinfection,thevirussynthesizesaDNAcopyofitsRNA,andthisDNAbecomescovalentlyintegaratedintohostcellDNA(在感染过程中,病毒RNA逆转录形成DNA，然后该DNA与宿主细胞DNA进行整合〕E.PurifiedRNAextractedfromthevirusparticleisinfectious〔病毒纯化的RNA具有感染力〕二、B1型题〔配伍题。以下提供了假设干组考题，每组题共用五个备选答案，备选答案后有两个以上的问题，每个问题要从备选答案中选择一个正确答案，并在答题卡上相应位置涂黑，以示正确答复。每个备选答案可选一次以上，也可以一次也不选择。合计10题，每题2分，总分值20分〕16-17A.Choleraenterotoxin〔霍乱肠毒素〕B.Tetanospasmin〔破伤风痉挛毒素〕C.Botulinumtoxin〔肉毒毒素〕D.Diphtheriatoxin〔白喉毒素〕E.Shigatoxin〔志贺毒素〕16.ThisNADasetoxininactivateselongationfactor2(EF-2)byattachingADPRtoit,soitcaninhibitsproteinsynthesis.17.Thistoxincausesflaccidparalysisbypreventingthereleaseofacetylcholine〔乙酰胆碱〕attheneuromuscularjunction,butitdoesnotaffectthecentralnervoussystem.C18-19A.Vancomycin〔万古霉素，糖肽类〕B.Rifampin〔利福平，利福霉素类〕C.Ceftriaxone〔头孢曲松，头孢菌素类)D.Ciprofloxacin〔环丙沙星，喹诺酮类〕E.Erythromycin〔红霉素，大环内酯类〕18.WhichantibioticactsbyinhibitingbacterialDNA-dependentRNApolymerase?D19.Whichantibioticbindstothe50Sribosomalsubunitandinhibitsproteinsynthesis?E20-21A.AcyclovirB.ZidovudineC.LamivudineD.OseltamivirE.Interferon20.NonimmuneindividualsexposedtoinfluenzaAviruscanbeprotectedfromdevelopingdiseasebyadministering21.Whichoneoftheaboveisarecommendedtherapyforherpessimplexvirusgenitalinfection?22-23A.SyntheticpeptidevaccineB.KilledvaccineC.AttenuatedlivevaccineD.SubunitvaccineproducedusingrecombinantDNAE.Toxoidvaccine22.WhichtypeofhepatitisBvaccineiscurrentlyinuseinChina?23.Whichtypeofvaccineistetanuspreventbyimmunizationwith?24-25A.HepatitisBvirusB.EBvirusC.HerpessimplevirusesD.humanpapillomavirus〔人乳头瘤病毒〕E.humanTcelllymphotropicvirus24.Whichisthecausativeagentofnasopharyngealcarcinoma〔鼻咽癌〕?B25.A38-year-oldwomanwithmanylifetimesexualpartnersisdiagnosedwithcervicalcancer.Thiscanceriscommonworldwideandhasasexuallytransmittedviraletiology.Thecausativeagentofhumancervicalcancer〔宫颈癌〕isD三、A2、A3、A4型题〔以下提供假设干个案例，每个案例下设假设干道考题。请根据案例所提供的信息，在五个备选答案中选择一个最正确答案。并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母涂黑，以示正确答案。合计10题，每题2分，总分值20分〕26.A26-year-oldwomanvisitsherphysicianbecauseofanunusualvaginaldischarge.Onexaminationthephysicianobservesathin,homogeneous,white-graydischargethatadherestothevaginalwall.ThepHofthedischargeis5.5(normal:＜4.3).OnGramstain,manyepithelialcellscoveredwithgram-variablerodsareseen.bacterialvaginosis〔阴道炎〕isdiagnosed.Whichoneofthefollowingnormalgenitalfloraispresentingreatlydecreasednumbersinbacterialvaginosis?A.S.epidermidis〔表皮葡萄球菌〕B.C.albicans〔白假丝酵母菌〕C.E.coli〔大肠埃希菌〕D.L.acidophilus〔嗜酸乳杆菌〕E.G.vaginalis〔阴道加德纳菌〕27.Apregnantwomanmaygivebirthtoaninfantwithaseverecongenitalabnormality,suchasblindness,neurosensorydeafness,microcephaly,orheartdisease,ifthewomanisinfectedduringthefirsttrimesterofpregnancywithA.Measlesvirus〔麻疹病毒〕B.Mumpusvirus〔腮腺炎病毒〕C.Rubellavirus〔风疹病毒〕D.HepatitisBvirus〔乙型肝炎病毒〕E.Coxsackievirus〔柯萨奇病毒〕28-3028.A40-year-oldmanhasHIV/AIDScharacterizedbyalowCD4countandahighviralload.Highlyactiveantiretroviraltherapy(HAART)willbeinitiated.OneofthedrugsunderconsiderationisanucleosideanalogthatinbibitsviralreversetranscriptaseandisactiveagainstbothHIVandHBV.ThatdrugisDA.Acyclvir〔无环鸟苷〕B.Amantadine〔金刚烷胺〕C.Saquinavir〔沙奎那韦〕D.Lamivudine〔拉米夫定〕E.Zidovudine〔齐多夫定〕29.RegardingtheHIV/AIDSpatientinQuestion28,apeptidomimeticagentthatblocksvirus-mediatedcleavageofviralstructuralproteinprecursorsischosenasaseconddrug.ThatdrugisA.AcyclvirB.AmantadineC.SaquinavirD.LamivudineE.Zidovudine30.ThepresumptivediagnosisofHIVinfectionismadebyA.ELISAB.WesternblotC.RT-PCRD.IsolationandcultureofvirusesE.PCR31-32A24-year-oldwomaninNewYorkisadmittedtothehospitalbecauseofjaundice〔黄疸〕.OnworkupsheisfoundtohavehepatitisCvirusinfection.31.ThemajorriskfactorforHCVinfectionintheUnitedStatesisA.Tattoos〔纹身〕B.InjectingdruguseC.BloodtransfusionD.SexualactivityE.Workinginhealthcareoccupations32.Whichoneofthefollowingdrugsisarecommendedtherapy?A.AcyclovirB.ZidovudineC.LamivudineD.Oseltamivir〔奥塞米韦，达菲〕E.Interferon33-35A15-year-oldgirldevelopsseverydiarrhea.Thestoollookslike“ricewater.〞Itisvoluminous-morethan1Linthelast90minutes.Shehasnofeverandseemsotherwisenormalexceptththeeffectsoflossoffluidandelectrolytes.Herfecaleffluentisexaminedbydarkfieldmicroscopyandfoundtocontaincomma-shapedorganisms.33.ThemostlikelycauseofherillnessisA.Clostridiumdifficile〔艰难梭菌〕enterotoxinB.Vibriocholerae〔霍乱弧菌〕enterotoxinC.Shigelladysenteriae〔痢疾志贺菌〕ShigatoxinD.EnterohemorrhagicE.coli〔肠出血型大肠埃希菌〕ShigatoxinE.Staphylococcusaureus〔金黄色葡萄球菌〕enterotoxin34.Themicrobialresponsibleforthepatients’sdiarrheaisatoxinthatA.BlocksEF-2andinhibitsproteinsynthesisB.YieldsincreasedintracellularlevelsofcAMPC.YieldsincreasedintracellularlevelsofcGMPD.InbibitsthereleaseofacetylcholineatthesynapseE.Stimulatesneuralreceptors35.ThemostimportantthingthatcanbedonetotreatthepatientsisA.Togiveherciprofloxacin〔环丙沙星〕B.TogiveheratoxoidvaccineC.TogivehertheappropriateantitoxinD.TotreatherwithfluidandelectrolytereplacementE.Togiveherprobiotic〔益生菌〕四、病例分析题〔以下提供假设干个案例，每个案例下设假设干道考题。请根据案例所提供的信息，用中文答复，直接做在试卷上，答复要求简明扼要。合计10题，每题3分，总分值30分〕36-40ChiefCompiaintA30-year-oldwomanwithnauseaandvomitingfor3days.HistoryThepatientwaswelluntil1weekago,whenshenotedsomestiffnessandswellinginthefingersofbothhands;thislastedafewdays.Fourdaysago,malaise〔不适〕,fatigue〔疲乏〕,andanorexia〔食欲缺乏〕began,followedthenextdaybynauseaandvomiting,whichhavecontinuedtothepresent.Nohematemesis〔吐血〕ordiarrheahasoccurred.Upperabdominalachingbeganyesterday.Thesmelloffoodinducesnausea.Shenoticedthatherurinewasdarkerthanusualtoday.Sheisawaitresswhosmokes2packsofcigarettesanddrinksa6-packofbeerperday.Shehashad5sexpartnersinthelast3months.Norecenttravel,transfusions,orintravenousdrugabuse.Nooneelsesheknowshassimilarsymptoms.LaboratoryTheresultsoftheserologictestswereasfollows:IgMHAVantibody,negative;HBVsurfaceantigen,positive;HBVeantigen,positive;IgMHBVcoreantibody,positive;HBVsurfaceantibody,negative.Questions〔请用中文答复〕36.Inviewoftheseresults,whatdiseasedoesthepatienthave?答：37.Whatisyourexplanationforthearthralgias〔关节痛〕describedanthebeginningofthehistory?答：38.Whatspecificantiviraltherapy,ifany,isavailableforhepatitisB?答：38.Howdidsheacquirethisdisease?答：40.Whatwouldyouadvisethispatientregardingprotectinghernewbornchildifshebecomespregnant?答：41-45ChiefCompiaintA30-year-oldmalewithacoughofsevsralweeks’duration.HistoryThepatientnotedthegradualonsetoftirednessandlossofappetiteabout1monthago.Aweekorsolater,hefeltfeverishandthecoughbegan.Atfirstthecoughwasnonproductive,butforthepastweekhehasbroughtupseveraltablespoonsperdayofgreenishsputumthatissteakedwithblood.Hehaslost10lbduringthepastmonth.Heisanonsmoker.PhysicalExamT38℃,BP124/70,P80,R16.Thepatientdoesnotappearacutelyill.LaboratoryChestx-ray:Infiltrateinposteriorsegmentofrightupperlobewithsuggestionofacavity.Gramstainofthesputumrevealedmixedflorawithnopredominantorganism.Theacid-faststainshowednumerouslong,slender,pinkrods.Asputumspecimenwassentforculture.Questions〔请用中文答复〕41.Inviewoftheseresults,whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?答：42.Whatisthetreatmentofchoiceforthisdisease?答：43.Approximatelyhowlongafterthestartoftreatmentisthepatientconsideredtobeinfectiousforo