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大学英语四级考试作文指导第一篇四六级考试作文简介1基本规定《大学英语教学大纲》规定:大学英语教学的目的之一是培养学生具有一定的英语写作能力。大学英语四级统考作文部分占15分,规定学生,根据规定的题目或提醒,在30分钟内写出120字以上的短文。请参看下面四级写作评分原则和评分标准。评分原则四六级考试从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评估。内容和语言是一个统一体。内容规定思想对的,主题突出。内容要考虑是否用英语清楚而准确地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否导致理解上的障碍,用词和造句是否清楚而准确地表达思想。评分标准2分条理不清,思绪紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不够清楚,连贯性差,有较多的严重语言错误。8分基本切题。表达思想比较清楚,文字尚连贯,但语言错误较多,其中有少量的严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性好,基本上无语言错误。[注:白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只要几个孤立的词而思想无法表达,则给0分。]此外,为引起教师和学生对作文部分的重视,全国四级考试中心还实行作文最低分制度,最低为6分。如作文为0分,总分高于60分,成绩报导时一律报59分不及格解决;若作文分大于0分小于6分时,最后报导分=原计总分--6分+实得作文分。2作文命题形式及常考题型分析纵览历年的作文试题,我们可以发现论说文占绝大多数,但近年应用文有上升的势头(01.6、02.1是书信体,91.6、02.6是图表作文)。就话题而言,重要有三大类:社会热闹话题、校园话题和平常生活话题。以下是历年作文题的汇总与记录,建议大家研究一下它的出题规律并写写看。一、历年四级考试作文题记录社会热门话题(87.9)WomeninModernWorld(90.6)MakeOurCitiesGreener(91.1)Bicycle–AnImportantMeansofTransportinChina(91.6)ChangesinPeople’sDiet(94.1)TheworldIsGettingSmallerandSmaller.(96.1)TheTwo-dayWeekend(96.6)GlobalShortageofFreshWater(98.1)HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities.校园话题(88.6)AnEarlyMorningWalk(记叙文)(92.6)HowIovercomeMyDifficultiesinLearningEnglish(94.6)MyIdealJob(95.6)AdvantageofJobInterview.(97.6)GettingtoKnowtheWorldOutsidetheCampus.(99.6)ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?(00.1)HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.(00.6)IsATestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?(01.1)HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?(01.6)AlettertoaSchoolmate(02.1)ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus.(02.6)StudentUseofComputers.平常生活话题(89.1)TheTapeRecorder(90.1)WhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNoPower(92.1)IsFailureaBadThing?(93.1)PositiveandNegativeAspectsofSport.(95.1)CanMoneyBuyHappiness?(97.1)PracticeMakesPerfect.(98.6)Do"LuckyNumbers"ReallyBringGoodLuck?(99.1)Don'tHesitatetoSay"NO".(03.1)ItPaystoBeHonest我们知道,四六级考试是一项大规模的考试,为提高其客观性,以利评分,考试对作文的命题形式是这样限制的:给出题目作文、规定情景作文、给出段首句续写、书信作文、给出关键词作文、看图作文或根据所给文章写出摘要或大意等。下面分析重要的几种类型:1)提纲作文这类题型是四六级作文考试到目前为止最常见的。它给出作文的英文题目以及较为具体的提纲,提纲有时是英文的,但多数是用中文给出的。每段的提纲规定了文章每段的主旨,它规定考生围绕这个中心制定主题句,再顺着主题句展开段落,最后用一句总结句回应主题句。例1999年6月全国四六级考试作文题同为一个提纲类作文,题目规定完全同样,只是字数规定不同样(四级为120字,六级为150字)。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicReadingSelectivelyorExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast120(150)words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1有人认为读书要有选择有人认为应当博览群书我的见解2)主题句作文IntroductionThisisthemostcommoncompositionpracticedinCET-4.Usuallythetitleandthetopicsentencesofeachparagrapharegiven.Youarerequiredtowriteexactlyaccordingtothetitle.Youmustusethegiventopicsentences.作文题例:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionabout“Television”inthreeparagraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphtodeveloptheideaincompletingtheparagraph.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout120words,notincludingthewordsgiven.Remembertowriteclearly.

Television

1)Televisionpresentsavividworldinfrontofus._______________________________________2)Televisioncanalsoplayaneducationalroleinourdailylife._____________________________________________________________________3)However,televisioncanalsobeharmful._______________________________________3)图表作文图表作文是四六级作文考试常考题型之一,也是考生觉得较难对付的作文形式。图表形式:图表题型重要分类:(1)曲线图题型(Linechart);(2)饼状图题型(Piechart);(3)柱状图题型(Barchart);(4)表格图题型(Table)。规定考生:通常还给出作文的标题和一些提醒(1)用文字来描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息并找出某种规律或趋势;(2)就图表中所反映出某种趋势或问题分析其因素或后果。(3)根据前面的分析得出你的结论或发表你的见解。一般规定写成论说文。例11991年6月四级考试作文为登记表格题:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionaboutChangesinPeople’sDietaccordingtothefollowingoutlineinthreeparagraphs.Yourpartofthecompositionshouldbenolessthan120words,notincludingthewordsgiven.Remembertowriteclearly.Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.ChangesinPeople’sDiet1statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears2givepossiblereasonsforthechanges3drawyourownconclusionYearFood19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%FruitandVegetable24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%看图表作文一般可分三段写。第一段说明该图表反映的总情况,选择能充足说明主题的典型数据进行概述。第二段对数字进行仔细分析比较,归纳出增减速率,找出产生变化的因素。第三段写读图表后的想法或评论,得出自己的结论。Generalintroduction——Analysis——Conclusion概要介绍—分析图表和变化的因素—评论或总结例2以下再举一个曲线坐标图(Graph)作文题例:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthefollowinggraphshowingthegrowthoftheworld’spopulation.Theopeningsentenceisgivenandyouarerequiredtodevelopitintoafullcomposition.Yourpartofwritingshouldbenolessthan120words.Someusefulwordsandphrasesareprovided,butyoudonothavetoincludeallofthem.Graphshowingthegrowthoftheworld’spopulation.(Suggestedwordsandphrases:birthcontrol,deathrate,populationexplosion,foodshortage).100020231000202330004000500060007000million1000A.D1500A.D2023A.D198819701930Emergenceofmodernmedicine-1850IndustrialandAgriculturalRevolutionBegan-1650Ithasbeenestimatedthatathousandyearsagotherewerelessthan400millionpeopleonearth._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________从曲线坐标图可以看到,过去人口增长速度的缓慢同现在人口的急剧增长形成了鲜明的对照。图中文字表白,IndustrialandAgriculturalRevolution和EmergenceofModernMedicine与人口的急剧增长不无关系。根据题目所提供的信息可制定以下提纲:1)人口增长的情况;过去人口增长的情况;b现在人口增长的情况;c未来人口增长情况的预测。2)人口爆炸的因素;3)人口爆炸带来的问题。最后表达自己的见解。4)情景作文题中给定一个情景,规定考生在这个范围内充足发挥想象力,精心构思出一篇符合情景规定、意思连贯的短文。这类作文限定条件比较少,考生自由发挥限度较大,我们预测以后会考这类题型的作文。例如题中说某国大学生代表团要来你班交流联欢,请你写一篇欢迎辞在联欢会上宣读,这就规定写篇情景作文。例Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofabout120words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingsituation.Remembertowriteclearly.Situation:ImaginethatyouarerequiredtowriteaWantAdfortheDean(系主任).Youaresupposedtobasethisadontheoutlineshownbelow:Wanted:StudentConsultanttotheDeanDuties:meetingwithstudents;presentingoralandwrittenreports;attendingsessionsRequirements:full-timestudentwithoneyearofstudentexperience;astrongsenseofdutySalary:$3,000anacademicyearTimeCommitment:15h.WeeklyDeadline:December15,2023;toElmerBorden800-28175)标题作文标题作文是一种常见的传统式命题作文。它只给出一个标题,不附带任何规定和说明,考生可取不同的角度确立主题并作阐述,文体类型也可根据自己审题和构思写成不同类型的作文。其优点是考生可以充足发挥想象,考出水平;其缺陷是由于它没有限制,考生容易写成“千人千面”的作文,不利评分。写这类作文时一方面要对标题进行审阅,限制写作范围,选取某一个面来写,再拟定文章的体裁、主题和论述或描写的角度。Directions:Writeacompositiononthetopic“ShouldFirecrackersBeBanned?”Yourcompositionshouldbeatleast120words.Remembertosupportthemainideawithdetailsandmakeyourconclusion.Coherenceisalsoimportant.6)关键词作文KeyWordsComposition

Inthiskindofcomposition,aseriesofkeywordsaregiventogetherwiththetitle.Itrequiresstudents'imaginationandassociationinconnectingthewordslogicallywithoutgoingastrayfromthemaintopic.范例:指示:在30分钟内以“CityandCountryside”为题,写一篇120词左右的短文,必需涉及下列关键词及表达方式,规定使用对的、恰当。Key

Words

and

Expressions:similarities

differences

environmenttransportation

education

entertainmentcolorful

boring

publichealthservicereduce

thegapThecityandthecountrysidearesimilarinsomeways.Buttherestillexistgreatdifferencesinthefieldsofenvironment,transportation,publichealthservice,educationandentertainment.Wewilltrytoreduce

thegapbetweenThecityandthecountryside.ﻬ第二篇四级作文对策准备的三个阶段:1)写好句子(练熟基本句型和常用句型,请看巅峰训练的58-60页的写作常用句型和英语作文和翻译经典句型100句)。2)写好一个段落(英语段落的扩展、衔接与连贯)3)写好一篇完整四级作文(尽量运用巅峰训练的33-47页的各种作文模板和范文)在写四级作文的四个环节:1审题和构思审题有两个目的:1)拟定写作规定,明确要表达的观点;2)拟定用什么方式表达主题,是叙述文、描写文还是论说文?审好题后,就要开始构思,精心选材。选材要典型、具体、生动、有趣,要有助于阐发主题。2列提纲审题和构思完后,就要根据其结果列出提纲,它好象为你写作路上插上路标,以免丢掉要点。由于四六级考试时间仅30分钟,又是写一篇120/150字的短文,所以提纲应尽也许简朴些,片言只语都行,以自己看得懂为准。3.选材拟定了文章的主题和轮廓之后,我们就开始考虑要选择哪些要点来阐明主题。选材一定要围绕主题句进行,同时要考虑到全面性。4.动笔列好提纲后,就可以开始动笔写作了。一般来说,首段为立意段,只要写出三四个句子来即可(大约40个单词),任务是亮出主题,不宜太过细,否则接下来的主体段再反复一次就多余了。接下来是全文的主体段,是这篇文章的精华段,一般写七八个句子为宜(大约60-70个单词)。最后为总结段,也以三四个句子为好(大约40个单词),总结重申一下主题思想或阐发自己的观点。在遣词造句方面,要尽也许用你有把握的词语和你熟悉的句型来表达思想。假如碰见单词不会拼写,意思不会用英语表达,应设法绕开,不要生拼硬凑。修改修改的重要任务是检查一下有无拼写和语法方面的错误,同时注意是否用词有过多的反复。ﻬ第三篇如何写好一个段落一.英语段落的衔接与连贯1.内容上的连贯:这里所说的连贯有两两层含义。一是指文章在内容上是连贯、统一的,文章中所有的句子都是为全文的中心服务的。就各段而言,其中的每一句话都要紧紧围绕着该段的主题句进行,不能说与主题句无关的东西。Sportsbenefitusinmanyrespects.(1)Whentakingpartinsports,wegetthechancetotrainalmostallpartsofourbody.Thereisnodoubtthatproperlybalancedphysicalactivitieskeepusphysicallyfit.(2)Furthermore,sportscanenrichourlifeandmaintainourpsychologicalhealth.(3)Throughparticipation,everyonecanlearnthatontheplayingfieldhenotonlycompetesforhimselfbutalsoforhisteam.Sportsteachusaboutconsideration,cooperationandoptimism,andhowtocopewithdifficulties.第一句是本段的主题句,接下来作者从体育运动对身体的好处说了两句,第四句讲述体育运动对心理方面的益处,第五句从团队的方面加以论述,最后一句既是论据,同时也是对前面三点的概括。全段没有一句话脱离主题句。2.连贯的第二层含义指的是表达上的连贯。文章的段落之间、段落中各句子之间要有一定的衔接。段落结构和句与句之间的衔接应遵照一定的顺序;段落之间的连接也应符合逻辑。这样使文章连贯紧凑,自然流畅,层次分明,脉络清楚。Theweatherhasbeenchangeable.OnSundaywehadahighwindthatblewdownsometrees.Mondaywassocoldthatwehadtoturnontheheatandwearwintercoats.Anditremainedgloomythenextday.Toourpleasure,byWednesdaytheweatherclearedandthesuncameout.ButThursdaytunedouttobeashotandhumidasanAugustday.Worsestill,itbegantorainthismorning,anditlooksasifwe’lllhaveacold,steadywindforafewdays.时间上的连接(时间顺序)为蓝色部分引导;表达上和意义上的连贯为红色部分引导。表达上的连贯常用代词或故意地反复手段和是使用关联词语(或叫语义连接语)或一些修辞上的手法(如排比句或比方等)。二.段落的展开方法1.列举法和举例法列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想,是简朴易行、具有说服力的写作方法。Communicatingwithotherpeoplebytelephoneisveryconvenient,especiallywhenyouhavesomethingurgent.Forexample,ifoneofyourfamilymembersisseriouslyillatnight,andyoudon’tknowhowtodealwithitandwheretofindadoctor,whatcanyoudo?Atelephoneistheanswer.Dial120andyouwillgetservicesfromthehospitalverysoon.列举的模式通常是主题句----example1----example2----example3…举例常用表达方式:forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,asproof,thus,take…asagoodexample,acaseinpointisthat…,toillustrate列举:first(1y),second(1y),third(1y),then,next,last(1y),finally,foronething…foranother表达添加:and,again,also,besides,moreover,furthermore,what’smore,inaddition等词语.Nonverbalcommunicationor“bodylanguage”canbejustasimportanttounderstandingaswordsare.BecauseMisunderstandingsoftenamusingbutsometimesserious—canarisebetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultureiftheymisinterpretnonverbalsignals.Takeforexample,thedifferencesinmeaningofgestureverycommonintheUnitedStates:acirclemadewiththethumbandindexfinger食指.ToanAmerican,itmeansthateverythingisok.ToaJapanese,itmeansthatyouaretalkingaboutmoney.InFrance,itmeansthatsomethingisworthless,andinGreece,itisanobscenegesture.Therefore,anAmericancouldunknowinglyoffendaGreekbyusingthatparticularhandsignal.2.分类法一般是在主题句之后,依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后,选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。Therearethreebasickindsofmaterialsthatcanbefoundinanygoodlibrary.First,therearebooksonallsubjects,bothinEnglishandinmanyotherlanguages.Thesebooksareorganizedaccordingtosubject,title,andauthorinacentralfileinthecardcatalog.Bookscangenerallybecheckedoutofthelibraryandtakenhomeforaperiodoftwotofourweeks.Second,therearereferenceworks.whichincludeencyclopedias,dictionaries,bibliography,atlases,etc.,andwhichgenerallymustbeusedinthelibraryitself.Third,thereareperiodicals–magazines,newspapers,pamphlets–whicharefiledalphabeticallyinracks,orwhichhavebeenfilmedtoconservespace.Likereferenceworks,periodicalscannotusuallyberemovedfromthelibrary.分类常用表达方式:tobeginwith,tostartwith,firstofall,first,second,third,mostofall,next,moreover,inaddition,besides,furthermore…来表达。常用句型:Generally/broadlyspeaking,therearethreekinds/typesof…Sth.canbeclassifiedaccordingto/dependingon…Sth.canbeclassifiedonthebasisof…Sth.canbedivided/furtherdividedinto…3.因果关系在段落一开头,就用主题句点明其因果关系,然后选用有关材料,客观的罗列某些因素或结果,以证阐述的中心思想。因果关系的模式通常是:因素分析型:在主题句中先介绍某一事件,然后对该事件发生的1个或多个因素进行分析。1)主题句(结果)----因素1----因素2----因素3结果分析型:在主题句中先点明所要讨论的事件,然后分析已经或将要发生的结果。2)----因素1----因素2----因素3→(结果)主题句3)因素(1)→(结果1/因素2)→(结果2/因素3)→(结果3)4)因素→结果1→结果2→结果3Growingnumbersofwell-to-doAmericansaremakingthedecisiontomoveabroad.因素(1)TheyfinditimpossibleinAmericatowalkthestreetsatnightwithoutfearofbeingraped,mugged,ormurdered,因素(2)nordotheyseeawaytoescapethepoisonousairofthecities.因素(3)TheymaintainthatevenAmericanfoodhasbecomeincreasinglydangeroustoeat.因素(4)Lastbutnotleast,theyinsistthattheyaresickofthepaceofAmericanlife,apacethatleavesnotimeforrelaxationorpleasure.因果关系常用语汇:becauseof,so,owingto,thanksto,thus,asaresultof,hence,forthisreason,consequently,iscausedby,leadto,resultin常用句型:BresultsfromA.BistheresultofA.AresultsinB.AcausesB.Thecausesof/reasonsforBisthe…Thereasonsareasfollows:模式3)例证因-果-因模式(Cause-Effect-CausePattern):Smokingtobacco→nicotineinthebloodstreams→thebloodvesselscontract……4.比较法主题句必须明确表白所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围,事实上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。两项相似事务逐个比较:ThePCandMACaresimilarinseveralways,eventhoughusersofeithercomputerwouldratherdiethanadmitevenasmallresemblance.Bothmachineswillrungraphicsinmuchthesameway.Eachemploysamouseandagraphicalinterface(面)orWindows-likeenvironmentinasimilarfashiontorunprogramssuchasPageMakerorMicrosoftWord.ThefinallikenessisthatboththePCandtheMACincorporate(合并)technologythatallowsthemto"talk"toeachother.Injustafewmoreyears,thePCandMACwillbecomeevenmorealike,anduserswillbelessadamant顽固的abouttheuniquequalitiesoftheircomputers.两项不同事务逐个比较:ThepublictransportationsysteminParisconsistsofsubwaysandbuses.Parishasoneofthebestsubwaysystemsintheworld.Thesubway,ormetro,spanstheentirecityofParis,linkingoneendofthecitywithanother.MostpeopleinParistravelbymetrobecauseitisfast,economical,andconvenient.ThebussysteminParisisalsoquitegood.ForParisians,havingacarisaluxury,notanecessity.Ontheotherhand,publictransportationinAmericancitiesleavesalottobedesired.Subways,canbeexpensiveandinconvenient—inconvenientbecauseonlyverysmallportionofacityareserved.Thebusremainstheonlytruemeansofpublictransportinmostcities,butonefindspoorconnections,indirectroutes,andhighprices.SoacarintheUnitedStatesisnotaluxury.类比法(Analogy)Example1LearningEnglishislikebuildingahouse.Layingasolidfoundationisthefirstandmostimportantstep.Inotherwords,youshouldreadandspeakEnglisheveryday.Memorizingnewwordsandphrasesisalsohelpful.Likebuildingahouse,learningEnglishtakessometime.Sodon’tbeimpatient.Remember,Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.常用句型:~LikeA,Bis/v…~IncontrasttoA,Bis/v...~Bycomparison....~Inspiteoftheirsimilarities/differences...~Tocompareto/with...~Aisnotexactly/entirely/quite/thesameas...~AistotallydifferentfromB.~AislikeBin...常用表达方式::表达相似或同样:similarly,similarto,thesameas,accordingly,bothshowadegreeofsimilarity,and…too,inthesameway,inalikemanner表达对比或转折:incontrast,bycontrast,contrastedwith,ononehand…ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,but,yet,however,nevertheless,instead,meanwhile5.叙述和描述法Description有些段落需要叙述一个事件或描写一个事务;基本上可以用准时间顺序、空间顺序和环节顺序来进行叙述或描述。Ijumpedoffthebusbeforeitstoppedandbeganwalkingdownthestreet.AsIhadarrivedearly,Idecidedtolookattheshopwindowsbeforegoinghome.Theideamademequitehappy,butatthesametimeIhadtheunpleasantfeelingthatIhadforgottensomething.Istoppedinthemiddleofthepavementandbegansearchingmypockets.AllofasuddenIrememberedthatIwaswithoutmybriefcase!Ihadleftitonthebusanditwasfullofimportantpapers.Thethoughtwasenoughtomakemestartrunningdownthestreet,though,bynow,thebuswasoutofsight.表达时间和顺序:earlier,later,afterwards,meanwhile,inthemeantime,shortly,soon,presently,currently,recently,atpresent,inthefuture/past,atfirst,more/mostimportantfirstofall,inthefirstplace,tobeginwith,tostartwith,first,then,next,last,atlast,finally6.论证法Argument论证是通过摆事实、讲道理阐明观点,这是学术写作和大学英语写作中常用的方法。通常先研究关于某一论题已存在的各种观点,对不同的观点进行比较和对照,然后予以评价分析,最后提出自己的观点。议论文有时结合归纳和演绎两种方法会更具有说服力。I,归纳法induction归纳法是一种逻辑推理方法。使用归纳法组织素材是从具体到抽象或从特殊到一般,由特定的事实到结论的思维过程。通常需借助具体事例得出结论,即把具体的内容置于段落的前面,然后根据这些事实引申出一个符合逻辑的结论。TherearefourmajorethnicgroupsinNewYorkCity:Whites,Blacks,IndiansandChicanos.Inaddition,someneighborhoodshavelargeJapanese,Jewish,Chinese,VietnameseorKoreanpopulations.Thecityisaculturallydiversecommunity.这个段落的写作运用了归纳法逻辑推理。2.演绎法(Deduction)演绎法是与归纳法相对的此外一种逻辑推理方法,是从抽象到具体的思维过程,从一般到特殊。由结论到特定的事实的思维过程。在使用演绎法组织文章时,把带有普通性或概括性的句子置于段首,即段首主题句。然后以此为依据,通过具体事实加以说明和推理论证。NewYorkCityisaculturallydiversecommunity.Therearefourmajorethnicgroups:Whites,Blacks,IndiansandChicanos.Inaddition,someneighborhoodshavelargeJapanese,Jewish,Chinese,VietnameseorKoreanpopulations.此段落运用演绎法展开逻辑推理。其它类别的关联词:表达让步:afterall,ofcourse,certainly,naturally,nodoubt,itistrue表达归纳和总结:inconclusion,toconclude,tosummarize,tosumup,inshort,inbrief,inaword,allinall,onthewhole,generallyspeakingﻬ第四篇运用作文模板写好一篇作文三段作文法作文一般涉及引入段(introduction)、主体(body)和结尾段(conclusion)三个部分。在写这三部分时都有什么技巧可以使用呢?1.引人段四级作文引入段的写作通常涉及以下方法:1)对立法:提出两种不同的观点,指明自己偏向于哪一种见解;或者指出——般的见解,然后说明自己的观点。如:2)现象法:引出现象或者问题,然后评论。如:3)比较法:通过对过去和现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较,引出文章要讨论的观点。如:4)问题法:用设问引出观点。如:2.主体主体部分是文章的重要内容,可以用因素法、举例说明法、对比异同法、分类法等方法展开主体部分。3.结尾段结尾部分通常言简意赅地突出主题,并且提出解决方案或建议。1)总结中心句2)建议句结尾3)盼望或者倡议或预测未来表达对将来的展望,或期待读者投入行动,表达对未来情形的预测。四级作文的结构与模式四级作文从内容上大体可以分为阐述图表型、对立观点型、说明利弊型、解释因素或理由型、解决问题型、解释现象型及应用短文七大类。一.图表作文图表作文是四六级作文考试常考题型之一,也是考生觉得较难对付的作文形式。图表形式:图表题型重要分类:(1)曲线图题型(Linechart);(2)饼状图题型(Piechart);(3)柱状图题型(Barchart);(4)表格图题型(Table)。规定考生:通常还给出作文的标题和一些提醒(1)用文字来描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息并找出某种规律或趋势;(2)就图表中所反映出某种趋势或问题分析其因素或后果。(3)根据前面的分析得出你的结论或发表你的见解。一般规定写成论说文。例11991年6月四级考试作文为登记表格题:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionaboutChangesinPeople’sDietaccordingtothefollowingoutlineinthreeparagraphs.Yourpartofthecompositionshouldbenolessthan120words,notincludingthewordsgiven.Remembertowriteclearly.Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.ChangesinPeople’sDiet1statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears2givepossiblereasonsforthechanges3drawyourownconclusionYearFood19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%FruitandVegetable24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%看图表作文一般可分三段写。第一段说明该图表反映的总情况,选择能充足说明主题的典型数据进行概述。第二段对数字进行仔细分析比较,归纳出增减速率,找出产生变化的因素。第三段写读图表后的想法或评论,得出自己的结论。Generalintroduction——Analysis——Conclusion概要介绍—分析图表和变化的因素—评论或总结表达数量关系的常用句型1)Thechartshowstherewasslight/small/steady/marked/dramaticincrease/rise/decline/decrease/dropintheperiodfrom…to…..2)Thereappearedastable/steadytendencytorise/increase/drop/fall/decreaseintheperiodfrom…to….3)Thisyeartheproductshavebeendroppedtohalf/wascutinhalf/doubled/tripled(三倍)/quadrupled(四倍)4)Asistwice/threetimeslarger/higher/smallerthanB.Asistwice/threetimesaslargeasB.Asistwice/threetimes/halfthesize/height/ofB.模板:Ascanbeseenfromthetable,/Itisobviousinthechartthat(1)描述数量变化趋势……Whyaretherechangesin……?/Whatarethereasonsfor(2)解释因素……?(3)First/Firstofall,因素1…………(4)Second/Moreover/Moreimportantly因素2………(5)Finally因素3……Fromtheabove,wecanseethat(6)小结………………Andwecanalsoexpectthat(7)趋势预测……………/AsfarasIamconcerned(7)或我的想法或评论……………范文:ChangesinPeople’sDietAscanbeseenfromthetable,greatchangeshavebeentakingplaceinpeople’sdietovertheperiodfrom1986to1990.Theconsumptionofgrainisdecreasingyearbyyear,whilethatofsomehigh-energyfood,suchasmilkandmeat,isincreasingsteadily.Whyaretherechangesinpeople’sdiet?Therearetwomajorreasons,Ithink.First,nowadayspeoplecanaffordtobuymuchmoreexpensivefoodwithbetternutrition.Second,peoplenowpaymoreattentiontothequalityofit,becausetheyknowitisofgreatbenefittotheirhealthtodietinascientificway.Thereforetheytrytheirbesttoimprovethestructureoftheirfood.Fromtheabove,wecanseethatpeople’slivinglevelhasbeenrisingmarkedlyinthepastfiveyears.AndwecanalsoexpectthatwiththerapiddevelopmentofChinatherewillbemoreprosperousfuturewaitingforus.二.问题解决型1.出题形式HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation1.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过各种途径解决2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?1.面试在求职过程中的作用2.取得面试成功的因素:仪表、举止、谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是…从以上的例子可见,解决问题型作文题重要有出题形式可以总结为:提出问题——因素——解决途径型这种题型一方面提出某(些)需解决的问题/困难,然后规定我们解释出现这——(些)向题/困难的因素,最后规定我们提出问题/困难的解决途径。2.篇章结构提出问题——因素——解决途径型:第一段引言:指出出现的问题或提出一种错误的观念第二段说明出现这一问题的因素或指出这一观念错误的因素第三段提出解决问题的各种途径第四段结论:表达我对问题能被妥善解决的信心或预测采用这些措施后的结果或我的打算。写作模板①指出需解决的问题(的现状)Nowadays………,whichhasarousedclosepublicattention/greatconcern.Itiswidelyassumed/believedthat_………,theythink_………because………_.②指出导致这一现状有多种因素Thereareseveral/manyfactorsthat/whichmaycontributeto/haveledto……….Tobeginwith,③因素一……….Besides,④因素二………Lastbutnotleast,⑤因素三_……….⑥指出有多种解决途径Wecanresorttovariousways/Therearedifferentwaystotackletheproblem/copewiththesituation.Firstly,⑦途径一……….Secondly,⑧途径二_……….Finally/Lastly,⑨途径三……….⑩结论(表达对问题能被妥善解决的信心或预测采用这些措施后的结果)With………,Ibelieve_……….Onlyinthiswaycanwe………_或⑩我的打算Asforme,Iplanto…………..4.段落发展方法在写解决问题型作文时,重要可采用列举法来展开段落,列举引起某一问题的因素或应采用的解决问题的途径。5.真题范文GettingtoKnowtheWorldoutsidetheCampus1.大学生了解社会的必要性2.了解社会的途径(大众媒介、社会服务等)3.我打算怎么做ItiswidelybelievedthatwearelivingintheinformationAgeandnothingismoreimportantthantokeeppacewiththefast-changingworldforcollegestudents.Withoutknowledgeoftheoutsideworld,itwillbemoredifficultforustosecureanidealjobaftergraduation,nottomentionsuccessinthefuture.Howcanweknowtheoutsideworld?Byreadingbooks?Orbysurfingtheinternet?Yes,weshouldbewellinformedaboutwhatishappeningarounduswiththehelp“massmedia:radios,televisions,newspapers,theInternet,andsoon.However,anotherthingthatcannotbeignoredispracticalsocialservices.Byservingthesociety,wecancultivateoursocialskills,widenoureyesightandenrichoursocialexperience.Asforme,Iplantoknowtheoutsideworldintwoaspects:first,studytohaveagoodcommandofknowledge.Meanwhile,Iintendtoholdatemporaryjobduringthesummervacationtoknowmoreabouttheoutsideworld.三.阐述对立观点型在四级考试中,我们经常会碰到要我们就两种对立的观点表白自己态度的题目。请看下面两个例子;例1.IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试,理由是…2.也有人持不批准见3.我的见解和打算(2023年)例2.ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?如何看待大学校园成为旅游热点?1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点2.校园是否应对游客开放,人们见解不同3.我认为…(2023年)2.中文提纲阐述对立观点型作文的中文提纲则往往是这样的:1.有(些)人认为…2.也有(些)人认为…3.我的见解/观点3.篇章结构第一段引言:引出讨论的主题(X),提出A方的观点,可略提理由第二段提出B方的观点,可略提理由。第三段正文:表白自己的见解,阐述理由第四段结论:总结全文,重申自己的观点这种篇章结构更接近原题的安排。4.写作模板模板引出主题(X)WhenaskedaboutX,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions.Somepeoplesay/think/believethat

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