高中英语必修5知识清单

Unit1Greatscientists【重点词汇、短语】putforward提🎧conclude结束，结论drawaconclusion得🎧结论defeat打败attend照顾，护理，🎧席exposeto使显露cure治愈，治疗challenge挑战suspect怀疑，被怀疑者blame责备handle柄，把手，处理，掌控link联系，连接linkto将…和…连接announce宣布contribute捐献，贡献apartfrom除了bestrictwith对…严格makesense讲的通，有意义spin使旋转reject拒绝，抛弃【重点句型】Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?inLondon–soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰•斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人大夫。Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.inanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.据。【语法总结】过去分词作定语和表语一.过去分词作表语by表示。过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异:Thestoreisnowclosed.(系表)Thelibraryisusuallyclosedat8:00p.m人。这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词:delighted,devoted,discouraged,astonished,frightened,excited,inspired,encouraged,interested,contented,pleased,puzzled,satisfiedtired,worried,ect二.过去分词作定语词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.过去分词短语用作定语时，置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。Themeeting，attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople，welcomedthegreathero.

Unit2TheUnitedKingdomconsist 组成，在于，一致consistof由…组成divide…into把…分成breakawayfrom脱离toone’scredit在…的名下，为…带来荣誉attract吸引，引起注意leaveout省去，遗漏，不考虑plus加上，和，正的taketheplaceof代替breakdown损坏，破坏arrange安排fold折叠，对折delight快乐，高兴，喜悦【重点句型】HowmanycountriesdoestheUKconsistof?YoucaneasilyclarifythisquestionifyoustudyBritishhistory.HappilythiswasaccomplishedwithoutconflictwhenKingJamesofScotlandbecameKingofEnglandandWalesaswell.格兰和威尔士的国王。However,thesouthernpartofirelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment.🎧去了，并建立了自己的政府。Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas.Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andforconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.YoumustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomenjoyableandworthwhile.Worriedaboutthetimeavailable,ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon.itlookedsplendidwhenfirstbuilt.Whatinterestedhermostwasthelongitudeline.【语法总结】上的动宾关系。一.能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有三类：findWesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Wethoughtthegamelost.我们认为球赛输了。表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词，如：makegethave,keep,leaveDon’tleavesuchanimportantthingundone.Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。表示“希望、要求、命令”等动词，如：want,wish,likeexpect,orderiwantthehousewhite-washedbeforewemovein.Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.他不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。"with"with+宾语+过去分词"结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间，方式，条件，原因等状语。例如：Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)Unit3LifeintheFuture【重点词汇、短语】impression印象，感想takeup拿起，开始，继续constant时常发生的，连续不断的previous在前的，早先的guide指导，向导lack缺乏，没有losesightof看不见sweepup横扫slideinto移动，溜进optimistic乐观的speedup加速desert沙漠instant瞬间，片刻settlement定居，解决【重点句型】ihavetoremindmyselfconstantlythatiamreallyinAD3008.3008Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.Theairseemedthin,asthoughitscombinationofgaseshadlittleoxygenleft.Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。Sooniwasbackonmyfeetagainandfollowinghimtocollectahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer.However,ilostsightofWangPingwhenwereachedwhatlookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.不见王平了。Hewassweptupintothecenterofthem.Arrivingatastrange-lookinghouse,heshowedmeintoalarge,brightcleanroom.ifoundlaterthattheirleavesprovidedtheroomwithmuch-neededoxygen.【语法总结】过去分词作状语作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语。Asked(Whenhewasasked)whathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Frightened(=Because/Asshewasfrightened)bythetiger,thegirldidn'tdaretosleepalone.因为害怕老虎,这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。Grown(iftheseseedsaregrown)inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。Left(Althoughhewasleft)athome,Johndidn'tfeelafraidatall.John被单独留在房间里,他一点都不害怕。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,(andhewas)followedbyagroupofstudents.Unit4MakingtheNews【重点词汇、短语】delighted快乐的，欣喜的assist帮助，协助process加工，处理，过程，程序concentrateon集中，聚集acquire获得，学到assess评估，评定inform通知dependon依靠accuseof控告soasto为了demand需求，要求aheadof在…前面approve许可，批准【重点句型】NeverwillZhouYangforgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.You’llfindyourcolleaguesveryeagertoassistyou,soyoumaybeabletoconcentrateonphotographylaterifyou’reinterested.钻研。Notonlyamiinterestedinphotography,butitookanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformationyouneedtoknow.Theymustuseresearchtoinformthemselvesofthemissingpartsofthestory.havetopreparethenextquestiondependingonwhatthepersonssaid.🎧下一个问题。Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomeoneaccusedyourjournalistsofgettingthewrongendofthestick?Thisishowthestorygoes.事情是这样的。Hedeniedtakingmoneybutweweresceptical.itwasadilemmabecausethefootballercouldhavedemandeddamagesifwewerewrong.Unit5Firstaid【重点词汇、短语】firstaid急救fallill生病poison毒药，使中毒electricshock触电，电休克swell使膨胀，隆起squeeze榨，挤squeezeout榨🎧，挤🎧overandoveragain反复，多次inplace在适当的位置pour倒，灌anumberof许多putone’shandson找到treat治疗，对待，款待apply应用，运用，申请makeadifference区别对待，有影响，起（重要）作用【重点句型】Burnsarecalledfirstdegree,seconddegreeorthirddegreeburnsdependingonwhichlayersoftheskinsareburnt.Removeclothingus