2023版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit22EnvironmentalProtection教师用书北师大版选修8

Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(对应学生用书第151页)[单词拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记1．trapvt. 使困住2．principlen. 原那么，道德准那么3．beyondprep. 超出4．relevantadj.有关的5．coincidencen. 巧合6．condemnvt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；宣判7．advocatevt.主张，提倡8．recyclevt.回收利用9．substituten. 代替品，代用品10．seizevt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取11．meansn. 方式，方法；手段12．potentialn. 可能性，潜在性13．botanical adj.植物(的)14．corrupt adj.贪污受贿的，腐败的15．conservation n. 保护16．consensus n. 一致的意见17．sacrifice vt.&vi.牺牲，献出18．catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难19．negative adj.消极的，负面的20．fragile adj.脆弱的；易毁的21．valid adj.有充分理由的22．evolution n. (生物)进化Ⅱ.派生单词——能区分1．adoptvt.采用→adoptionn. 收养；采用2．reservevt.保存；预约n. 保护区→reservedadj.预订的；保存的→reservationn. 保护3．agriculturen. 农业→agriculturaladj.农业的4．threatn. 威胁→threatenvt.威胁5．changev．&n. 变化→changeableadj.多变的6．separatev. 分开adj.分开的→separationn. 别离，分开7．constructvt.建造→constructionn. 建造8．financen. 资金→financialadj.财政的；金融的9．allocatevt.分配，配给→allocationn. 分配，配给10．politicsn. 政治(活动)→politicaladj.政治的→politiciann. 政治家11．sharpadj.锋利的→sharpenvt.&vi.削尖→sharpenern. 卷笔刀12．considerv. 思考；认为→considerateadj.想得周到的，体贴的→considerationn. 考虑；思考→consideringprep. 考虑到；鉴于13．calculatevt.计算，算出→calculationn. 计算→calculatorn. 计算器Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．Wesupportedeachotherfinancially(finance)andbyshowingupatevents.(2023·全国卷Ⅱ)2．Agricultural(agriculture)developmentsimplymustprecedeeconomicdevelopment.3．Somemembersofthecommitteeexpressedreservations(reserve)abouttheproposal.4．Theincidentthreatened(threat)toruinhischancesintheelection.5．Marketisaneffectivemeansinallocation(allocate)ofresources.6．Mycalculation(calculate)isbasedonnotionalfigures，sincetheactualfiguresarenotyetavailable.7．Consideringhisyoungage，itisquiteconsiderateofhimtoconsiderotherpeoplebeforemakingdecisions.(consider)8．Afteralongseparation，theybothlivedaseparatelifeandintheendtheyseparatedpeacefully.(separate)9．Anewbridgeisbeingconstructedovertheriveranditsconstructionwillbefinishednextyear.(construct)10．Itisnotsafetoletthechildsharpenhispencilusingthesharpsharpener．(sharp)[拓展联想]各大“产业〞名词个个清①agriculture 农业②industry 工业③business 商业④forestry 林业⑤fishing 渔业⑥plantingindustry 种植业“环境〞相关词全扫描①speciesn． 物种②reserven. 保护区③atmospheren. 大气层④conservationn. 保护⑤resourcen. 资源⑥recyclev. 回收利用“相似词〞小结①dessert甜点→desert舍弃②tissue组织→issue问题，发行③affect影响→effect影响④principle原那么→principal校长⑤borrow借→sorrow悲哀⑥wander漫步→wonder想知道[短语多维应用]Ⅰ.短语回忆——会默写1．anumberof 一些2．beyondone'scontrol 超出……的控制，不受……的控制3．inturn 依次；反过来4．leadto 引起，导致5．aheadof 在……前面6．apartfrom 除……以外7．answerfor (对已产生的不良后果)负责任8．callforanendtosth. 要求结束……9．onone'sbehalf 代表……10．carryoff 掠去，夺走11．allinall 总的来说12．earnone'sliving 谋生13．asamatteroffact 实际上14．breakawayfrom 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)15．lookahead 展望未来，向前看16．takeaction 采取行动Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．Itwashiscarelessnessthatledtohisfailureintheexam.2．Languageisthecarrierofcultureandinturnit'sinfluencedbyculture.3．Nowadaysmanyteenagerswanttobreakawayfromtheirparentsandlivealifefreefrombeingcontrolled.4．Ifyoudrivethiscarwithoutalicence，you'llhavetoanswerfortheconsequences.5．Ithoughtwe'dbelatefortheconcert，butweendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.6．Theyoungmanmadeapromisetohisparentsthathewouldtrytoearnhislivingaftergraduation.7．Asamatteroffact，I'veneverbeentherebefore.8．MrKnightcannotbehere，sohiswifewillaccepttheprizeonhisbehalf．9．Thievescarriedoffthefarmer'ssheepduringthenight.10．Hisideaistolookaheadandmakeagoodplan.11．Anumberofstudentswereabsentfromthemeetingforvariousreasons.12．It'sbeyondmycontroltofallinlovewithyou.[拓展联想]说说“引起，导致〞短语①bringabout ②leadto③resultin/from ④contributeto“负责〞短语全接触①answerfor ②beresponsiblefor③beresponsibleto ④in(the)chargeof[句式结构仿写]教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用1.含蓄条件句的虚拟Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases，thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.1.没有你的帮助，我是不可能通过考试的。Withoutyourhelp，Iwouldn'thavepassedthetest.2.given用作介词或连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到；倘假设〞Giventhisdata，itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.2.考虑到目前的条件，我认为叶诗文已做得相当出色。Giventhepresentconditions，IthinkYeShiwenhasdoneratherwell.3.拟人修辞手法Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale，andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.3.过去30年见证了中国的快速开展。Thelast30yearshavewitnessed/seentherapiddevelopmentofChina.(对应学生用书第153页)精讲6个考纲单词trapv．使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n．陷阱；圈套；捕捉器[教材原句]Becauseofthegreenhouseeffect，theEarthiswarmedbygasestrappedintheatmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。(1)o(doing)sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使中计be/gettrappedin 被困在……中(2)fallintothetrapofdoingsth. 落入做某事的圈套set/layatrapfor... 为……设圈套①Don'tfallintothetrapofinvestingallyourmoneyinoneplace.不要把你所有的钱都投资到一个地方，那样做不明智。②Shewastrapped(trap)intheburninghouseatthatmoment.那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。③Iwastrappedintoadmitting(admit)Ihaddonesomethingwrong.我被诱骗成认我做错了事。reservev．贮存；保存；预订n．[C]储藏；贮藏；保护区[教材原句]Breweriesareoftenbuiltinnaturereserves.酿酒厂经常建在自然保护区。(1)reservesth.for 为……保存某物reservetherighttodosth. 保存做某事的权利(2)inreserve 备用with/withoutreserve 有/没有保存地(3)reservationn. [C]自然保护区；[C][U]保存；[C]预订(房间、座位等)makereservations/areservationat/in...在……预订(房间、座位等)(4)reservedadj.预订的，保存的，缄默的①I'dliketoreserveatableforthreeateighto'clock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。②Margaretmadeareservation(reserve)at/inherfavoritehotelinSingapore.玛格丽特订了她在新加坡最喜欢的饭店。③Itisadvisabletokeepsomefoodreserved(reserve)incaseofemergency.储藏一些食物以防万一是明智的。链接写作【导学号：33220239】你需要提前订票吗？①Doyouhavetoreserveticketsinadvance?(reserve)②Doyouhavetomakeareservationofticketsinadvance?(reservation)advocatevt.主张，提倡n．提倡者，拥护者[经典例句]Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildingsbefittedwithsmokedetectors.(牛津词典)报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。(1)advocate(doing)sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocatethat... 主张……[从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形](2)beanadvocateof/for ……的提倡者/拥护者①Weadvocatedthateveryoneinourschoolshoulddonatesomemoneytotheearthquake­strickenarea.我们提倡在学校里的每个人都为地震灾区捐些钱。②Manyexpertsadvocaterewarding(reward)yourchildforgoodbehaviour.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。③Shehasalwaysbeenanadvocateof/forchangestoEnglishspelling，tomakeiteasiertolearn.她一贯主张对英语的拼写进行改革，使之更易于学习。substitutevt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代n．代替品，代用品[高考佳句]Unfortunately，youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou，sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.(2023·全国卷Ⅰ)不幸地是，你必须携带必要的设备，因为你不可能找到天然的替代品。(1)asubstituteforsb./sth. 某人/某物的代替品(2)substituteAforB＝substituteBwith/byA用A代替Bsubstitutefor 代替substituteas 代替做……工作①Sheisseekingasubstitutefortheverymanwhosedeparturemadehercry.那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补内心的空缺。②Wesubstitutetheredballsfortheblueones，toseeifthebabywouldnotice.＝Wesubstitutetheblueballswith/bytheredones，toseeifthebabywouldnotice.我们用红色球代替蓝色球，看是否能够引起宝宝的注意。meansn．方式，方法；手段[高考佳句]Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.(2023·江苏高考)但他将提供几年的时间让农民在此期间有可能找到其他的适应方法。meansof(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法、途径bymeansof 借助……的手段byallmeans 可以，当然行；尽一切方法，务必bythismeans 用这种方法bynomeans 决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后倒装)①Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。②Onlybythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.只有用这种方法才能说服他。③Bynomeanscanteachinginschoolbeseparatedfrompractice.学校教学决不能脱离实践。④Asisknowntousall，YeShiwensucceededbymeansofhardworking.众所周知，叶诗文依靠刻苦训练而获得成功。[名师点津]means“方法、方式、手段〞，其单复数同形，当means作主语且有every，each等表示单数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等表示复数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。链接写作【导学号：33220230】如果不了解唐朝的历史，你是绝不会理解唐诗的。(2023·全国卷Ⅰ)①(普通句式)Ifyoudon'tknowsomethingaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynasty，youcan'tunderstandTangPeoms.②(高级句式)Ifyoudon'tknowsomethingaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynasty，bynomeanscanyouunderstandTangPeoms.threatenvt.威胁；恐吓[经典例句]Theythreatenedtocloseourcreditlinesifwedon'treducetheamountofcarbondioxideweproduce.如果我们不降低二氧化碳的排放数量，他们威胁说将取消我们的信用额度。(1)threatensb.with... 用……威胁某人threatentodo... 威胁做……(2)threatn. 威胁，恐吓athreattosb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁makeathreat 威胁，恐吓①Theterroristsarethreateningtoblow(blow)upthehijackedairliner.恐怖分子扬言要炸毁劫持的客机。②WillarisingChinabecomeathreattowesterninterests？崛起的中国会对西方利益有威胁吗？adoptvt.采用，采纳；收养[经典例句]Allthreeteamsadopteddifferentapproachestotheproblem.(牛津词典)三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。(1)adoptanapproach/astrategy/apolicy 采用一种方法/战略/政策(2)adoptionn. [U]采纳；[C][U]收养adoptedadj.被收养的；被采纳的adoptiveadj.采用的；有收养关系的①Thesenatorurgedagainsttheadoptionofthemeasure.那位参议员竭力反对采取这项措施。②HeismyadoptedsonandI'mhisadoptivefather.(adopt)他是我的养子，我是他的养父。[名师点津]adopt与adapt词形相近，但意思不同：adopt“采纳；采用；收养〞；adapt“适应；改编；改写〞，常用搭配是adapt(oneself)to，表示“适应〞。③Hecouldn'tadapthiswayoflifetothecompany.他的生活方式无法适应公司的要求。链接写作(普通表达)Afterheadoptedanewway，theproblemwassolved.①(高级表达)Withanewwayadopted，theproblemwassolved.(with复合宾语)②(高级表达)Havingadoptedanewway，hesolvedtheproblem.(现在分词短语作状语)诠释2个核心短语referto涉及；谈到；参考；查阅；关于；提及[经典例句]Weagreednevertorefertothematteragain.(朗文辞典)我们同意永远不再提这件事。(1)refer...to... 把……提交给……；让……参考……referto...as... 把……称为……(2)referencen. 提及；涉及；参考；参考书in/withreferenceto 关于……forreference 以备查阅①Oureconomyisreferredtoasafreemarket.我们的经济被称作自由市场经济。②Inreferencetoyourquestionaboutcost，theticketsforthefilmare35yuaneach.关于你咨询的费用问题，这部电影的票价是每张35元。③Theresultoftheresearchisforreferenceonly.这个研究结果仅供参考。leadto引起，导致；通向；造成(后果)[高考佳句]Studyingbabies'playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.(2023·浙江高考·阅读理解C)研究婴儿的玩耍可能会对科学有更好的理解。leadsb.todosth. 使某人做某事lead/livea...life 过……样的生活leadtheway 引路；带路①Thishasledscientiststothinkoutothersolutionstotheproblem.这就使得科学家想出其他解决问题的方法。②Hedecidedtoleadanewlifeaftertheunusualexperience.经过这次不平常的经历后，他决定过一种新的生活。③Thereceptionistledthewaytotheboardroom.接待员领路来到董事会会议室。[名师点津]leadto中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或v.­ing形式。链接写作是酒驾导致了那场事故。Itwasdrunkdrivingthatledto/contributedto/caused/resultedin/broughtabouttheaccident.突破1个高考句型(教材P6)Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases，thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。介词短语Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases代替虚拟条件句，用来表达虚拟的事实。有时表假设的情况隐含在一些词或短语中(如otherwise，butfor，or等)①Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat，theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold，toocoldforustoliveon.如果没有大气保持太阳的热量，夜晚的地球将会非常寒冷，冷得让我们无法生存。②Hewasbusyyesterday，orhewouldhavehelped(help)youwithyourexperiment.他昨天很忙，要不然他就会帮助你做实验的。链接写作【导学号：33220231】(普通表达)Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonwithoutyourhelp.①(高级表达)Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonifyouhadn'thelpedme.(用if从句改写)②(高级表达)Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp.(用ifithadnotbeenfor改写)③(高级表达)Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonbutforyourhelp.(用butfor改写)[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型————————————————(对应学生用书第155页)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theywereabletopositiontheshipsbymeansofradar.2．Thebookreferred(refer)tolasttimehasbeensoldout.3．Theoldcomputerdoesn'twork；wemustsubstituteanewoneforit.4．Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen(arise)wheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.5．Asteachers，weshouldbeconsiderate(consider)ofourstudents'feelings.Andthentheywilltrustus.6．Thechildaskedhismotherif/whetherhecouldgoouttoplaytennis.7．Given(give)thatthereisnotrafficdelay，Iwillbehereontime.8．Ihaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl，andshehaschangedbeyondrecognition.9．Itissaidthatheistheonlyoneofthestudentsthatwaspraised(praise)atthemeeting.10．March1970found(find)meworkinginasmallconstructionalfirm.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Havingtrappedinthetrafficjamforhours，hebecameimpatient.Having后加been2．ThenewerwillbethesubstitutewithmeasyourEnglishteacher.with→for3．Wemustobeytheprincipleallmenareinnocentuntiltheyareprovedguilty.principle后加that4．Thepolicemanseizedthethiefbyhisarmimmediately.his→the5．Pupilsshouldbehelpedtoadaptapositiveapproachtotheenvironment.adapt→adopt6．“It'ssuchaniceplace，〞Mothersaidasshesatatthetablereservingforcustomers.reserving→reserved7．Inthepastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshaveproducedallovertheworld.have后加been8．PackicearoundIcelandwasbecomingathreatwithnavigation.with→to(对应学生用书第156页)Ⅰ.课文语法填空请根据Lesson1的课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inthelastfewdecades，ithasbeenreportedthatEarth'sclimate1.isbeingchanged(change)andhumanbeingswillfaceglobalwarming.Globalwarmingrefersto2.anaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat，inturn，leadstoclimatechange.Overthelast100years，theglobalaveragetemperature3.hasincreased(increase)by1andmanyexpertsinsistthattheblame4.forthisglobalwarmingcan5.mostly(most)bepinnedonhumanactivities.6.Thelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesand7.rising(rise)globaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.8.Ifwecontinuetoproducecarbondioxideandothergasesinsuchhuge9.quantities(quantity)，wearecondemninglifeonEarth.Governmentsallovertheworl