专题28应用文写作之从宏观入手-三档作文VS五档作文（考试版）

专题28从宏观入手--三档作文VS五档作文应用文写作的作文，大都比较容易，比较容易得分。对于这种题目，要严格审题，精心构思，认真书写，确保拿到最高档次。体裁命题形式写作主题2022新高考I卷应用文邀请信写邮件邀请外教进行一次访谈II卷应用文邀请信写邮件邀请外教进行一次访谈全国卷乙卷说明文投稿利用填表调查结果给报社投稿甲卷应用文投稿以世界海洋日为主题向英文征文比赛投稿2021新高考I卷应用文投稿校刊youth庆祝十周年，向校刊表达自己经历，并送上祝福II卷应用文投稿校刊youth庆祝十周年，向校刊表达自己经历，并送上祝福全国卷乙卷应用文发言稿以“besmartonlinelearners”为主题写一篇发言稿参赛甲卷应用文征求建议征求外国朋友建议，哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人2020全国卷I卷应用文投稿写一篇以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题投稿参赛II卷应用文日记写一篇英文短文介绍上周末采摘活动III卷应用文求助信给外教写一封信，请帮忙指导『命题专家谈高考』【考纲解读】1.写作文体文体不再拘泥于书信体，报道、通知等各种应用文体，其他文体都有可能涉及。2．命题形式命题类型是半开放类，汉语提示简洁，要点明确，任务具体，学生的可发挥性强。3．写作主题主题涵盖学校生活、社会生活、参观旅行、人物介绍、课外活动和日常生活等方面，其中有关学校(学习)生活和社会生活的主题比重最大。主题场景性和真实性突出，体现中外交流和“正能量”。【备考建议】1.复习话题还是侧重于社会关爱、友谊和亲情中。以情感类话题复习为主，最好侧重于学生的生活实际，反应积极向上的社会主体即可。另外，个人的自我品德和修养提升也是复习的重点，这些都是和学生的生活息息相关。2.把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力，重视开头语的提示作用。段落开头语的前后和上下衔接也很重要，考生需要注意整篇的篇章结构来续写构思，理顺上下文逻辑关系，短文内语句要连贯、有序。3.注重细节，尤其是注重写作视角。不能把平时背诵的心理描写、环境描写等好的句子照搬，要根据具体实际来选择用哪种叙述方式。技法一审题谋篇四步法假定你是李华，你校来自爱尔兰的外教Peter因病回国休假。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．询问近况；2．分享班级最新消息；3．表达祝愿。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步审题立意布局谋篇体裁邮件时态一般过去时和一般现在时人称第一人称结构三段要点1.询问近况2.告知班级消息3.表达祝愿第二步核心内容逐一盘点第一段——问候1．听说你请了病假回家休养，我们很挂念你。你现在感觉怎么样？you.Howheardthatyouhavegonebackhomeonsickleave，andweareconcernedaboutyou.Howareyoufeelingnow?第二段——分享班级消息2．提出有好消息：我希望我给你的好消息能抹去疾病的阴影。Ihopemygoodnewsforyouwillsweepawaytheshadowofthedisease.3．具体说明消息上个月，我们学校举行了一个英语节，我们班演唱了一首你在节日时教我们的歌。我们一唱完这首歌，所有的观众都给了我们热烈的掌声。festival.AsanEnglishFestivalwasheldinourschool，andourclassperformedasongwhichyoutaughtusatthefestival.Assoonaswefinishedthesong，alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.4．当时的感受(1)我非常高兴和兴奋，所以我几乎跳了起来。IwasveryhappyandexcitedsoIalmostjumpedup.(2)我们想和你分享快乐，但你不在。Wewantedtosharejoywithyou，butyouwerenotthere.第三段——表达祝愿5．我们都非常想念你，希望你能快速痊愈。Weallmissyouverymuchandwishyouaquickandcompleterecovery.第三步斟词酌句润色升级1．请用含有非谓语的句子合并句1中的两个并列分句。you.Howthenewsthatyouhavegonebackhomeonsickleave，weareconcernedaboutyou.Howareyoufeelingnow?2．请用so引导的倒装句改写句4(1)。SohappyandexcitedwasIthatIalmostjumpedup.3．用含有ifonly的虚拟语气的句子改写句4(2)。Ifonlyyouhadbeentheretoshareourjoy!第四步巧妙衔接完美成篇DearPeter，you.Howthenewsthatyouhavegonebackhomeonsickleave，weareconcernedaboutyou.Howareyoufeelingnow?disease.Lastfestival.Asapplause.Soup.Ifawaytheshadowofthedisease.Lastmonth，anEnglishFestivalwasheldinourschool，andourclassperformedasongwhichyoutaughtusatthefestival.Assoonaswefinishedthesong，alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.SohappyandexcitedwasIthatIalmostjumpedup.Ifonlyyouhadbeentheretoshareourjoy!Weallmissyouverymuchandwishyouaquickandcompleterecovery.Yours，LiHua技法二规避常见的五种错误典例示范常见错误错误句子改错句子成分残缺或多余(缺)Therearemanystudentssupportit.Therearemanystudentswho/thatsupportit.(多)Wereachedtoschoolat6∶00am.Wereachedschoolat6∶00am.主谓不一致Thechildrenwasveryhappy.Thechildrenwereveryhappy.Youcanreadthebookswhichisontheshelf.Youcanreadthebookswhichareontheshelf.时态、语态错误Theexhibitionwillheldnextweekend.Theexhibitionwillbeheldnextweekend.YesterdayIwitnessanaccident.YesterdayIwitnessedanaccident.词性不分Honestisthebestpolicy.Honestyisthebestpolicy.PapercuttingisatraditionChineseart.PapercuttingisatraditionalChineseart.Ifinallythroughtheexamafterseveralattempts.Ifinallygotthroughtheexamafterseveralattempts.中式英语Iverylikehisclasses.Ilikehisclassesverymuch.MyfatherboughtmeaMoYanwritingbook.MyfatherboughtmeabookwrittenbyMoYan.Thetreesverytall.Thetreesareverytall.技法三亮化词汇三原则根据高考应用文写作的评分标准，应用词汇的丰富性和准确性是作文能否取得高分的一条重要的标准。所以，在词汇亮化上应遵循以下三个原则：原则1求新求变同样意义的词语，要根据语境使用最新学过的而不是小学初中学过的词汇。如果同样的意义重复出现，要使用不同的表达方式。如：1．Whenfeelingsad，Ioftenchoosetoenjoythenovelpartwhichincludesalotofgoodstories.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)→Whenfeelingdepressed，Ioftenchoosetoenjoythenovelpartwhichincludesalotofimaginativestories.2．WiththewidespreadoftheInternet，moreandmorepeoplebecomeonlinelearners.(2021·全国乙)→WiththewidespreadoftheInternet，anincreasingnumberofpeoplebecomeonlinelearners.3．Iamwritingtoaskyoutohelpmewithaplayweadaptedaccordingtothetext.(2020·全国Ⅲ)→Iamwritinginsinceritytoaskyouafavorregardingaplayweadaptedaccordingtothetext.4．Foranother，Chinahasculture.Itstoryandrichculture.IthasalwaysattractedpeoplewholoveanythingaboutChina.(2020·江苏)→Foranother，Chinaenjoysculture.Itstoryandrichculture.IthasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeenonanythingthatisChinese.原则2求准求精写作时不一定每一句都要有复杂句式，有时准确使用一个单词就会让整个句子增色。1．Inconclusion，weshouldfindawaytostudyonlinebetter.(2021·全国乙)→Inconclusion，weshouldfindawaytostudyonlinemoreefficiently.2．Hiswordsofencouragementcanstillberemembered.(2020·全国Ⅰ)→Hiswordsofencouragementstillringinmyears.3．Iamwaitingforyourearlyreply.(2021·全国甲)→Iamwaitingforyourearlyreplyeagerly.原则3短语优先恰当使用短语代替单词，不但可以增加词数，还有助于绕开不会表达的单词，使得行文更加流畅。1．Inconclusion，weshouldknowitsadvantagesanddisadvantagesandfindaproperwaytomakeourstudymoreefficient.(2021·全国乙)→Inconclusion，weshouldhaveagoodunderstandingofitsadvantagesanddisadvantagesandfindaproperwaytomakeourstudymoreefficient.2．Inordertogetmoreclicks，you’dbettertellmewhichChinesecultureattractswesternersmost.(2021·全国甲)→Inordertogetmoreclicks，you’dbettertellmewhichChinesecultureholdsthemostattractionforwesterners.3．Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldconsidermyapplication.(2019·全国Ⅰ)→Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoconsideration.4．Themajorityofpeoplewhoweresurveyedsupportedthisidea.→Themajorityofpeoplewhoweresurveyedwereinfavourofthisidea.技法四美化句式四诀窍诀窍1三大从句各一从句是丰富内容的有效手段。每一篇优秀作文，句式都应该多样。所以在写作中，要注意打造三种从句。1．定语从句：Whenfeelingdepressed，Ioftenchoosetoreadthecolumnwhichcoversalotofinspiringstories.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)2．状语从句：Ithasbeen10yearssinceYouthwasfoundedandIbegantoreadthenewspaperwhenIwasstillajunioronestudent.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)3．名词性从句：Whatattractsmemostisthecolumncoveringsomepopularstars.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)诀窍2非谓语若干非谓语的正确使用能体现出学生的语法功底，相比于从句，非谓语更加生动简洁。(2020·全国Ⅱ)Lastweekend，myclassmatesandItookpartinafarmpicking(现在分词作定语)activity.Surroundedschool.Theregreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm(现在分词短语作定语)．Whileenjoyingbeing(动名词作宾语)closetonature，webegantohelppickpeachescoveringeverytree(现在分词短语作定语)．Weworkedinpairs，onepickingpeachesandtheothercarefullyputtingthemintoabigbox(现在分词的独立主格结构)．Throughparticipatingwork.I语)inthispickingactivity，Ihavebecomeawareofthesignificanceofwork.Iamdeterminedtostudyhard，tobeausefulpersontothecountryandtocontributetotheimprovementofpeople’slives(不定式短语作宾语)．诀窍3倒装强调可出现特殊句型如倒装句、强调句和感叹句等可以使整篇文章句式更加丰富。1．Inmymemory，itisYouththataccompaniesmethroughmywholehighschool.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)2．Fromthisactivity，notonlydidwerealizethatbuildingupourbodyisofgreatimportance，butalsowelearnedmoreabout“persistenceleadstosuccess”．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)3．Ontheway，exhaustedastheparticipantswere，theykeptrunninguntilthefinishingline.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)4．Suchismyunderstandingaboutgrowingup.(2020·天津)5．Whatanunforgettableexperience！(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)诀窍4被动露露面如果一篇文章全都是主动句而且主语一致，文章就会显得单调，适当使用被动句能够避免这种情况。1．BecausewewillpresentthisactivityontheEnglishwebsite，Isincerelywantyoutooffermesomeadvice.(2021·全国甲)→BecausethisactivitywillbepresentedontheEnglishwebsite，Isincerelywantyoutooffermesomeadvice.advice.Werifyouwouldliketogiveussomeadvice.Weneedtoadjustthevocabularyandgrammaroftheplot，andwealsoneedyourguidanceonourperformance.(2020·全国Ⅲ)→advice.Thefyouwouldliketogiveussomeadvice.Thevocabularyandgrammaroftheplotneedtobeadjusted，andwealsoneedyourguidanceonourperformance.3．I’month.Wegtoletyouknowthatwewillhaveavolleyballmatchnextmonth.WewillholdthematchinourschoolgymandwewillarrangeitontheafternoonofJuly4th.(2019·全国Ⅱ)→I’month.Thetoletyouknowthatwewillhaveavolleyballmatchnextmonth.Thematch，whichwillbeheldinourschoolgym，isscheduledontheafternoonofJuly4th.技法五衔接过渡四类型衔接过渡词可以分为“启、承、转、合”四类。1．用于“启”...词语：asyouknow，asisshowninthe...，firstofall，foronething，aboveall，ontheonehand，inasense，tostartwith等。①AsfarasIknow，thisexhibitionwilllastforhalfamonthintheschoolartgallery.(2021·浙江)②Firstofall，itisconvenientsincewecanlearnwhateverweneedwhenevernecessaryandwhereverweare，aslongaswehaveanaccesstotheInternet.(2021·全国乙)③Foronething，theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostrikingthattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.(2020·江苏)④Firstandforemost，thecompetitiontobeheldinourschoolstadiumwillbeginat2pmandlastforroughly3hours.(2019·全国Ⅱ)2．用于“承”的过渡词语：secondly，also，inaddition，foranotherthing，forthispurpose，furthermore，whatismore，forexample，inotherwords，infact，atthesametime，asaresult，therefore等。①What’smore，ifIwanttodecoratemywebsitewithsomeChineseelements，whatshouldIdo？(2021·全国甲)②Therefore，Istronglyrecommendthatallthestudentsinourschoolshouldmakeuseoftheirsparetimetoenjoythesewonderfulworkscarefully.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)③Foranother，Chinaenjoysalonghistoryandrichculture.(2020·江苏)④Second，asaChinesepaintinglover，Iknowalotaboutthisartform.⑤Furthermore，itisnecessaryforyoutotakeagoodrest，whichwillprovideenoughenergyforyou.⑥Meanwhile，I’malsointerestedtolearnsomefolkdancesfromyouinyourlecture，whichwillhelpmeimprovemydancing.3．用于“转”的过渡词语：afterall，but，however，onthecontrary，incontrast，otherwise，while，though，despite，inspiteof，allthesame，asamatteroffact等。①However，beingonlinelearnershasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.②Ontheway，althoughsomestudentsfellbehind，theykeptrunninguntilthefinishingline.4．用于“合”的过渡词语：inaword，generallyspeaking，atlast，inshort，intheend，inconclusion，onthewhole，insummary，tosumup，toputitinanutshell等。①Finallyguest.Congratulationsnytimetomyhouseandbemyguest.Congratulationsagain!②Tosumup，Iwishyoucouldliveuptotheexpectationsofourschool.③Inconclusion，theschooluniformsareabetterchoicethanthetraditionalChinesedressforsuchanoccasion.④Allinall，notonlydoesStartofSpringbreedpeople’shopeforanewyear，butitconveystheirexpectationsforthebrightfuture.精做高考真题1．（2022·天津·高考真题）假设你是晨光中学英语口语社的成员李津。为招募新成员，口语社请你用英语为社团纳新活动录制一段短视频。请按照以下提示，撰写视频的文字稿：(1)向同学们发出入社邀请；(2)介绍口语社的主要活动(如英语演讲比赛、观看英语电影等活动)；(3)分享本人入社以来的收获。注意：(1)词数不少于100；(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．（2022·北京·高考真题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．建议交流的具体内容及其原因；2．交流时间和其他相关事项。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua3．（2023·浙江·高考真题）上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写篇报道，内容包括：1.活动的过程；2.收获与感想。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。GettingtoKnowthePlantsAroundUs________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________挑战名校考题1．（2023·河南郑州·郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测）假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom来信说，当他了解到人工智能（AI）围棋手Master战胜了60位顶尖职业围棋高手后，他迷上了下围棋（Go），希望你能给他关于提高棋艺方面的建议。要点如下：1.最好到中国参加培训班。2.熟能生巧，尽量在网上对进行对弈练习。3.多观看网上的围棋大赛直播。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可加入适当细节，以使行文连贯。DearTom,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua2．（2023·山西太原·统考一模）假定你是李华，请你给离家读书并生病好几天的美国网友David写一封建议信，内容包括：1.对David目前生病状况的感受；2.说明锻炼和学习的关系；3.鼓励他积极锻炼身体。注意：1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearDavid,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua3．（2023·上海·模拟预测）Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Mike的邮件，其中提到因为父母工作原因，他们举家搬迁，他也转学到了一所新的学校，但是他因为换了一个环境感到不太适应。回复一封邮件，内容须包括：1)分析导致他不适应的原因；2)给他提出建议。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．（2023·重庆·校联考一模）假设你是李华，你的南非朋友Martin给你发来一封邮件,告诉你他在外国人汉字书法大赛(ChineseCalligraphyContestForForeigners)中获得一等奖。请你用英语给他回一封邮件。内容包括：1.对他表示祝贺；2.肯定他的付出；3.了解参赛经验。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMartin,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua5．（2023·河北·校联考模拟预测）假定你是李华,上周你参加了市里组织的“我最喜欢的书”英语演讲比赛。请你写信将此情况告诉你英国的笔友Mike,要点如下：(1)比赛情况;(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。注意：(1)词数80左右;(2)可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯。DearMike,IparticipatedinanEnglishspeechcontestthemed“ThebookIlikebest”heldbyourcity.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua6．（2023·河南郑州·郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测）由于疫情（Covid-19）原因，你所在国际学校原定下周举行的生命科学周（LifeSciencesWeek）将改为网上进行。你受学生会委托写一则英文通知。内容包括：1.变更原因；2.具体活动；3.期待参与。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Notice________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．（2023·河北唐山·统考一模）假定你是学生会主席李华，为了让留学生了解中国传统文化，学生会计划举行唐诗吟诵大赛(TangPoetryRecitationContest)，特邀请学校国际部学生参加，请你根据提示写一则通知，内容包括：1.大赛的目的；2.主办方：校学生会；3.时间、地点。注意：写作词数应为80左右。Notice________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．（2023·陕西商洛·陕西省山阳中学校考一模）假定你是北京某中学的学生李华，将去英国进行交流活动，你被安排在Jenkins家寄宿。请你用英语向Mr.Jenkins发一封邮件，内容包括：1.自我介绍；2.你的生活习惯；3.你的心愿。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMr.Jenkins,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua9．（2023·安徽黄山·一模）假定你是校中国画协会会长李华，你校新来的交换生Jason有意加入该协会，写邮件向你咨询相关情况，请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：1.表示欢迎；2·协会介绍；3.加入方式。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearJason,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________??Yours,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????LiHua10．（2023·湖北·校联考三模）后疫情时代下，我们每一个人都是自己健康的第一责任人。作为学生会主席，请你用英语写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们守护自己的健康。内容包括：1.守护健康的重要性；2.如何守护健康。注意：1.词数80左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dearfellowstudents,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Students’Union11．（2023·广西柳州·统考二模）假设你是李华,你校的校报正在招募学生记者,请你以校报主编的身份写一份英文启事,内容包括：1.提出需求;2.招募条件;3.报名方式及截止时间。注意：1.词数100左右;2.适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头已经给出,不计人总词数。SchoolNewspaperReportersWanted________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SchoolNewspaperEditorialDepartment12．（2023·江苏南京·校联考一模）假定你是李华，上周外教Mr.Green布置了一份作业，截止时间是本周五，但是你因故不能如期提交。请你给Mr.Green写一封邮件，申请延期提交作业，要点如下：1.表示歉意；2.解释原因。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Mr.Green,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________