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政论文的翻译——如何翻译政论文一、什么是政论文政论文是一种议论,说理的文章。这种文章都有一定的政治倾向。作者针对当时现实中各种重大的政治问题和社会问题,从一定的立场出发,阐明自己的见解和主张;赞成什么,反对什么,是非常鲜明的。为了使别人接受自己的观点和主张,还常常运用各种积极的修辞手段,以增强感染力。二、政论文的范围革命领袖有关政治的文章,报告,演说;党政机关,政治团体的宣言,声明;报刊杂志的政治性社论,思想评论,国际时事评论以及编辑部文章等凡是对时政问题进行议论说理的文章,都可以属于政论文的范畴.四、翻译政论文的要点总体要求:忠实确切地表达原作的思想内容,保持原作的修辞色彩,使译文能起到与原文相同的宣传鼓动作用.1、忠实原作政治思想内容。必须忠实于作者的政治观点.译者必须忠实地表达出原作者鲜明的政治观点,对原作的立场,所论述的方针,政策不允许有丝毫歪曲篡改,一词一句都必须仔细推敲,认真选择.2、义切词严,爱憎分明义切词严是指掌握好政治分寸.注意谴词造句的严谨与否.政论文用词的语义深度,句意或轻或重,反映了作者的立功和态度.译者在谴词造句时,应在透彻理解原文的基础上,认真揣摩,仔细推敲,该重则重,该轻则轻4、逻辑严谨通读原文,抓住中心,分析文章的谋篇布局的脉落,理清作者逻辑推论的层次,领会作者的章法,可以避免翻译时断章取义,造成逻辑错误。例:(摘自邓小平1992年在武昌、深圳、珠海、上海等地的谈话要点。英文出自中共中央马恩列斯著作编译室翻译出版的《邓小平文选(英文版)》第三卷。)要坚持两手抓,一手抓改革开放,一手抓打击各种犯罪活动。这两只手都要硬。打击各种经济犯罪活动,扫除各种丑恶现象,手软不得。广东二十年赶上亚洲“四小龙”,不仅经济要上去,社会秩序、社会风气也要搞好,两个文明建设都要超过他们,这才是有中国特色的社会主义。新加坡的社会秩序算是好的,他们管得严,我们应当借鉴他们的经验,而且比他们管得更好。Therearetwotaskswehavetokeepworkingat:ontheonehand,thereformandopeningprocess,andontheother,thecrackdownoncrime.Wemustbesteadfastwithregardtoboth.Incombatingcrimeandeliminatingsocialevils,wemustnotbesoft.GuangdongistryingtocatchupwithAsia’s“fourlittledragons”in20years,notonlyintermsofeconomicgrowth,butalsointermsofimprovedpublicorderandgeneralsocialconduct---thatis,weshouldsurpasstheminboth
materialandethicalprogress.OnlythatcanbeconsideredbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Thankstoastrictadministration,Singaporehasgoodpublicorder.Weshouldlearnfromitsexperienceandsurpassitinthisrespect.SinceChinaopeneditsdoorstotheoutsideworld,decadentthingshavecomeinalongwiththeothers,andevilssuchasdrugabuse,prostitutionandeconomiccrimeshaveemergedinsomeareas.Specialattentionmustbepaidtotheseevils,andresolutemeasuresmustbetakentostampthemoutandpreventthemfromspreading.AfterthefoundingofNewChina,ittookonlythreeyearstowipethesethingsout.Whointhisworldhaseverbeenabletoeliminatetheabuseofopiumandheroin?NeithertheKuomintangnorthecapitalistcountries.ButfactshaveshownthattheCommunistPartywasabletodoit.在整个改革开放过程中都要反对腐败。对干部和共产党员来说,廉政建设要作为大事来抓。还要靠法制,搞法制靠得住些。总之,只要我们的生产力发展,保持一定的经济增长速度,坚持两手抓,社会主义精神文明就可以搞上去。Throughouttheprocessofreformandopening,wemustcombatcorruption.CadresandPartymembersshouldconsideritofprimeimportancetobuildacleangovernment.Butwestillhavetorelyonthelaw,whichprovideafirmguarantee.Inshort,solongaswedevelopourproductiveforces,maintainareasonableeconomicgrowthrate,promotereformandopeningand,atthesametime,crackdownoncrime,weshallbeabletobuildasocialistsocietywithadvancedethicalstandards.我们高兴地看到,一年来以董建华先生为首的特区政府施政有方,积极致力于香港居民普遍关注的民生问题,稳健地处理内外事务,沉着地应付各种挑战,特别是为抵御亚洲金融风波对香港的冲击进行了卓有成效的工作。特区政府成立以后,行政,立法,司法机关运作正常,公务员队伍保持稳定。最近,又顺利地进行了第一届立法会的选举,使香港民主进程向前迈出重要一步。所有这些,都显示出香港特区政府具有管理香港社会,驾御复杂局势的智慧和能力。中央政府对你们取得的显著政绩表示满意和赞赏。事实有力地证明了邓小平先生关于“香港人是能治理好香港”的论断是完全正确的。WenotewithpleasurethattheHKSARGovernmentheadedbyMr.TungCheeHwahasadministeredHongKongcapablyandeffectivelyoverthepastyearinvigorouslyresolvingissuesrelatingtothewelfareandwellbeingofHongKongresidentsthatareofuniversalconcerninHK,handlingtheinternalandexternalaffairssteadilyandsurelyandtakingupchallengescalmly,inparticular,infendingofftheimpactofAsianFinancialturbulence.AllthistestifiedtothewisdomandthecapacityoftheSARGovernmentinadministeringtheHKsocietyandmanagingcomplexsituations.Thecentralgovernmentherebyexpressesitssatisfactionandappreciationfortheremarkableachievementsthatyouhavemade.FactsareaconvincingtestimonytothesoundassertionmadebyMr.DengXiaoPingthat“HongKongpeoplecanadministerHongKongwell”.Theideathatthereisonepeopleinpossessionofthetruth,oneanswertotheworld’sills,oronesolutiontohumanity’sneeds,hasdoneuntoldharmthroughouthistory---especiallyinthelastcentury.Today,however,evenamidstcontinuingethnicconflictaroundtheworld,thereisagrowingunderstandingthathumandiversityisboththerealitythatmakesdialoguenecessary,andtheverybasisforthatdialogue.有种观点认为,真理只掌握在一国人民手中,消除世界弊端的答案只有一种,或是满足人类需要的办法只有一个。这种想法在整个历史进程中,特别是在上个世纪带来了无尽的祸害。然而,今天,虽然世界各地仍在不断发生着种族冲突,人们已越来越认识到人类的多样性。这一认识,不仅作为一种现实情况让对话变得必要,而且构成了对话的真正基础。
一年来的成就集中表现在:经济保持平稳较快发展,综合国力进一步增强;改革取得重要进展,对外开放实现新突破;社会事业加快发展,人民生活继续改善。2004年,国内生产总值达到13.65万亿元,比上年增长9.5%;财政收入2.63万亿元,增长21.4%;社会消费品零售总额5.4万亿元,增长13.3%;进出口贸易总额1.15万亿美元,增长35.7%,由上年居世界第四位上升为第三位;城镇新增就业980万人,超过预期目标;城镇居民人均可支配收入9422元,农村居民人均纯收入2936元,扣除价格因素,分别实际增长7.7%和6.8%。这些成就,标志着我国在全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。UndertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),thepeopleofallourethnicgroupsheldhighthegreatbannersofDengXiaopingTheoryandtheimportantthoughtofThreeRepresents,workedtogetherinaninnovativespirit,andmademajorachievementsworthcelebratinginthesocialistmodernizationdrivein2004.
Themainachievementsoverthepastyearwere:theeconomymaintainedsteadyandrapiddevelopment,overallnationalstrengthincreased,significantprogresswasmadeinourreform,breakthroughswereachievedinopeningup,socialdevelopmentwasaccelerated,andpeople'slivesimproved.China'sGDPin2004reached13.65trillionyuan,anincreaseof9.5%overthepreviousyear.Governmentrevenuecameto2.63trillionyuan,up21.4%.Retailsalesofconsumergoodstotaled5.4trillionyuan,up13.3%.ThevolumeofimportsandexportstotaledUS$1.15trillion,anincreaseof35.7%,movingChinauptothirdplaceintheworldfromfourthinthepreviousyear.Some9.8millionurbanresidentsenteredtheworkforceforthefirsttime,afigurethatexceededthetarget.Urbanpercapitadisposableincomegrewby7.7%inrealterms,andruralpercapitanetincomeroseby6.8%inrealterms.AlloftheaboveshowsthatChinahastakenanothersolidstepforwardontheroadofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.美国国务院3月8日发表的《2005年国别人权报告》,无视自身糟糕的人权纪录,又一次以“世界人权法官”自居,对包括中国在内的190多个国家和地区的人权状况指手划脚,惟独对自己严重侵犯人权的问题闭口不谈。为了帮助世人看清美国“人权卫士”
的真实面目,有必要对美国过去一年来侵犯人权的情况作一全面的透视。OnMarch8,theU.S.DepartmentofState,posingonceagainas"theworld'sjudgeofhumanrights,"releaseditsCountryReportsonHumanRightsPracticesfor2005.Asinpreviousyears,theStateDepartmentpointedthefingerathumanrightssituationsinmorethan190countriesandregions,includingChina,butkeptsilentontheseriousviolationsofhumanrightsintheUnitedStates.Tohelppeoplerealizethetruefeaturesofthisself-styled"guardianofhumanrights,"itisnecessarytoprobeintothehumanrightsabusesintheUnitedStatesin2005.从以上事实可以看出,美国糟糕的人权纪录不仅与其自我标榜的“人权大国”的神话形成鲜明的对照,而且与美国的经济社会发展水平和国际地位极不相称。美国政府在人权问题上理应先清理自己的门户,根本没有资格对其他国家颐指气使、发号施令。ThefactslistedaboveshowapoorhumanrightsrecordoftheUnitedStates,whichformsnotonlyasharpcontrastwithitsimageofaself-claimed"advocateofhumanrights,"butalsodisaccordwithitslevelofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandinternationalstatus.TheU.S.governmentoughttofirstcleanupitsownrecordofhumanrightsbeforequalifyingitselftocommentonhumanrightssituationsinothercountries,letalonearrogantlytellingthemwhattodo.美国一向自诩为“民主的典范”,不断向世界兜售其民主模式。实际上,美国的“民主”始终是少数富人的民主,是“有钱人的游戏”。TheUnitedStateshasalwaysboasteditselfasthe"modelofdemocracy"andhawkeditsmodeofdemocracytotherestoftheworld.Infact,American"democracy"isalwaysoneforthewealthyanda"gamefortherich."政论文中的用语往往体现着我国的时事政策方针,关系到国家的政治、民主、外交、经济、军事利益,这种严肃性就要求政论文的译者首先必须具有高度的政治敏感并站稳政治立场。对于重要的有政治含义的词句,必须要把握好分寸。台湾问题Taiwanissue(误)
Taiwanquestion(正)“issue”meansamatterthatisindisputebetweentwoormoreparties.中国大陆MainlandChina(误)“China’smainland”or“themainlandofChina”(正)台湾前途系于祖国统一ThefutureofTaiwanliesinitsreunificationwiththemainland.(误)ThefutureofTaiwanliesinthereunificationofthemotherland.(正)尊重台湾人民当家做主的愿望TobemasterintheirownhouseTobethemasteroftheirownhouseTobemastersoftheirowncountry…respect…theirwishtobeamongthemastersofourcountry中国的经济是一个大问题China’seconomyisabigproblem.China’seconomyisanimportantquestion.全面建设小康社会TobuildarelativelycomfortablesocietyacrossthecountryTobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway外向型经济Export-orientedeconomyInternationally-orientedeconomyOutward-lookingeconomy党的代表大会常任制PermanenttenureofofficeThesystemofPartycongresseswithregularannualconferences形成广纳群贤、人尽其才、能上能下、充满活力的用人机制TobereadytoacceptahigherorlowerpositionToformadynamicpersonnelmechanismunderwhichwecangatherlargenumbersoftalentedpeople,putthemtothebestuseandgetthempreparedforbothpromotionanddemotion鼓励社会力量办学SocialforcesEncouragenon-governmentalsectorstorunschools打得赢、不变质Abletofightandwinandneverdegenerate
Abletofightandwinandalwaysmaintainitspoliticalcolor要把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来TointegratethemomentumofreformandthespeedofdevelopmentwiththesustainabilityofthegeneralpublicTotakeintofullconsiderationthemomentumofreformandthespeedofdevelopmentandthecapacityofthegeneralpublictocopewithchangesTobalancethemomentumofreformandthespeedofdevelopmentagainsttheresilienceofthegeneralpublic浓厚的中国特色政论文既然涉及中国社会生活、时事政治、经济文化的方方面面,其中的很多用语都是中国特有的,这样的例子在报刊中随处可见。如:“三讲”“两手抓,两手都要硬”“文化搭台,经济唱戏”“菜篮子工程”“安居工程”“豆腐渣工程”等等。政论文汉译英的一大困难如何利用多种手段将这些生动活泼的表达方式译成(ChinaEnglish)(有中国特色的英语),而尽量避免“Chinglish”(中式英语)。什么是Chinglish?“Chinglish”是指既不能准确表达中文含义,又不符合英文表达习惯的一些生硬、牵强、晦涩的译文。造成的Chinglish的原因过分简单化的直译;重复和累赘;滥用修饰语;不恰当的比喻;搭配不当过分简单化的直译汉语中经常使用的“化”字,通常对应词缀“-ize/-ization”,但不可一概而论。“国民经济信息化”“theinformationizationofnationaleconomy”
“buildaninformation-basednationaleconomy”“领导核心年轻化”“tomaketheleadershipmembersyounger”
“tobringyoungpeopleintothecoreoftheleadership”
重复和累赘“农业获丰收”“therehavebeengoodharvestsinagriculture”“生活水平不断提高”“livingstandardsforthepeoplecontinuedtorise”滥用修饰语“彻底粉碎”“completelysmash”“非常重要”“extremelyvital”“伟大的历史时刻”“agreat,historicvictory”不恰当的比喻“世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃”
“Attheturnofthecentury,China’sdiplomacyisthemostactive.”
“TheturnofthecenturyfindsChinamostactiveonthediplomaticarea.搭配不当“取得成就”“makeachievements”
“attain/scoreachievements”“革命事业接班人”“successorstotherevolutionarycause”
“successorsintherevolutionarycause”如何避免和减少Chinglish吃透原文精神,摆脱中文句型束缚,注重原文内涵,按照英语规律和习惯,利用加字、减字、转换词类等技巧,甚至掉证券局结构是一文通顺流畅。在工作中,有意识地记录一些疑难译例。注意英语国家人们的表达方式及对词的运用。做有心人,培养对语言的浓厚兴趣,不断提高自身的综合素质。“菜篮子工程”“shoppingbasketproject”“shoppingbasketproject---aprogramaimedtoimprovethemarketsupplyofnon-staplefood”(解释性翻译)“863计划”1)the“863”Program2)theMarch1986Programtostimulatethedevelopmentofhightechnologies3)theMarch1986High-techProgram(既准确又简练)“提高人民的生活水平”“toraise/improvethelivingstandardofthepeople”“toimprovethequalityoftheirlives”“tobetterthelivesofthepeople”(借鉴西方表达方式)(借鉴西方表达方式)更多例子差额选举:competitive/selectiveelection;multi-candidateelection等额选举:single-candidateelection下不为例:aspecialone-timecase关系网:anetworkofpersonalconnections给农民打白条:issueIOUstofarmers人尽其才:bringoutthebestinpeople注意英汉句子结构的不同特点汉语句子的轻短松散和英语句子的多枝共干我们的国家大,人口多,经济落后,农业要搞上去,最重要的还是要依靠一系列正确的政策调动农民的积极性,自力更生,艰苦奋斗。Agricultureadvanceinsovastacountry,withsuchalargepopulationandbackwardeconomyinChina,requiresaboveallelsemobilizing,bymeansofaseriesofcorrectpolicies,theinitiativeofthefarmerstoworkhardandself-reliantly.中央认为,这些改革应根据国民经济各个环节的内在联系和主客观条件的成熟程度,分别轻重缓急和难易,有先有后,逐步进行,争取5年左右的时间基本实现。TheCentralCommitteeisoftheopinionthatthesereformsshouldbecarriedoutstepbestepaccordingtotheinherentconnectionsbetweenthevariouslinksofthenationaleconomyaswellasthedegreeofripeningofthesubjectiveandobjectiveconditionsandintherightorderofimportance,urgencyandfeasibility,andthattheyshouldbasicallybeaccomplishedinaboutfiveyears.“不辱使命、不负重托”Liveuptothemissionassignedtothemandthefulltrustplacedonthem.“收入分配关系尚未理顺”Thingshaveyettobestraightenedoutinthematterofincomedistribution.Incomedistributionhasyettoberationalized.“以村党组织为核心的村级组织配套建设”Thebuildingofvillage-levelsupportingorganizationswithvillagePartyorganizationsasthecoreThebuildingofvillage-levelsupportingorganizationswhichrallyaroundvillagePartyorganizations“善于进行理论思维和战略思维”TheoreticalandstrategicthinkingTobegoodatthinkingonatheoreticalplaneandinastrategicperspective“建立和完善三军一体、军民兼容、平战结合的联勤保障体制”Establishingandimprovingajointlogisticalsupportsystemfeaturingintegrationofthethreecommandsofthearmy,compatibilityofmilitaryandcivilianpurposesandthemanufacturingofproductsforbothpeacetimeandwartime.Establishingandimprovingajointlogisticalsupportsystemforthethreearmedservices,forbothmilitaryandcivilianpurposesandforbothpeacetimeandwartime.“坚持党要管党、从严治党的方针”AdheretotheprinciplethatthePartyexercisesself-disciplineandisstrictwithitsmembers.“树立全民环保意识”HelpthewholenationseetheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionMakeeverybodyenvironmentallyaware“完善公开办事制度”ImprovethesystemofkeepingthepublicinformedofmattersbeinghandledImprovethesystemofpublicofficetransparency“政务公开”MakinggovernmentaffairsknowntothepublicGovernmenttransparency“社会公示制度”SystemofkeepingthepublicinformedSystemofpre-appointmentannouncement“领导干部述职述廉制度”Thesystemunderwhichleadingcadresreportontheirworkandtheireffortstoperformtheirdutieshonestly…reportontheirworkandjobintegrity“正确处理改革发展稳定的关系”Properlyhandletherelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstabilityBalancereform,developmentandstability“干事业”(peopleareencouraged)toachievesomething…tobeproactive“素质”思想道德素质:ideologicalandethicalstandards科学文化素质:scientificandeducationallevel体能健康素质:physicalhealth素质教育:competence-oriented(orquality-oriented)education提高全民法律素质:raisepublicawarenessoflaw(Peoplearebettereducatedinlaw)SjVmYq!t&w-z1D4G7JbMePhTkWoZr$u(x+A2E5H9KcNfRiUlXp#s&v)y0C3F6IaLdPgSjVnYq!t*w-A1D4G8JbMeQhTlWoZr%u(x+B2E5H9KcOfRiUmXp#s&v)z0C3F7IaLdPgSkVnYq$t*w-A1D5G8JbNeQhTlWo#r%u(y+B2E6H9LcOfRjUmXp!s&w)z0C4F7IaMdPgSkVnZq$t*x-A1D5G8KbNeQiTlWo#r%v(y+B3E6H9LcOgRjUmYp!s&w)z1C4F7JaMdPhSkWnZq$u*x-A2D5H8KbNfQiTlXo#r%v(y0B3E6I9LcOgRjVmYp!t&w)z1C4G7JaMePhSkWnZr$u*x+A2D5H8KcNfQiUlXo#s%v)y0B3F6I9LdOgSjVmYq!t&w-z1D4G7JbMePhTkWnZr$u(x+A2E5H8KcNfRiUlXp#s%v)y0C3F6IaLdOgSjVnYq!t*w-z1D4G8JbMeQhTkWoZr%u(x+B2E5H9KcOfRiUmXp#s&v)y0C3F7IaLdPgSjVnYq$t*w-A1D4G8JbNeQhTlWoZr%u(y+B2E6H9KcOfRjUmXp!s&v)z0C4F7IaMdPgSkVnZq$t*x-A1D5G8JbNeQiTlWo#r%u(y+B3E6H9LcOfRjUmYp!s&w)z0C4F7JaMdPhSkVnZq$u*x-A2D5G8KbNfQiTlXo#r%v(y0B3E6I9LcOgRjVmYp!t&w)z1C4F7JaMePhSkWnZq$u*x+A2D5H8KbNfQiUlXo#s%v(y0B3F6I9LdOgRjVmYq!t&w-z1C4G7JbMePhTkWnZr$u(x+A2E5H8KcNfQiUlXp#s%v)y0B3F6IaLdOgSjVmYq!t*w-z1D4G7JbMeQhTkWoZr$u(x+B2E5H9KcNfRiUmXp#s&v)y0C3F7IaLdPgSjVnYq$t*w-A1D4G8JbMeQhTlWoZr%u(x+B2E6H9KcOfRiUmXp!s&v)z0C3F7IaMdPgSkVnYq$t*x-A1D5G8JbNeQiTlWo#r%u(y+B3E6H9LcOfRjUmXp!s&w)z0C4F7IaMdMdPhSkVnZq$t*x-A2D5G8KbNeQiTlXo#r%v(y+B3E6I9LcOgRjUmYp!t&w)z1C4F7JaMePhSkWnZq$u*x+A2D5H8KbNfQiUlXo#s%v(y0B3E6I9LdOgRjVmYp!t&w-z1C4G7JaMePhTkWnZr$u*x+A2E5H8KcNfQiUlXp#s%v)y0B3F6IaLdOgSjVmYq!t*w-z1D4G7JbMePhTkWoZr$u(x+A2E5H9KcNfRiUlXp#s&v)y0C3F6IaLdPgSjVnYq!t*w-A1D4G8JbMeQhTlWoZr%u(x+B2E6H9KcOfRiUmXp!s&v)z0C3F7IaLdPgSkVnYq$t*w-A1D5G8JbNeQhTlWo#r%u(y+B2E6H9LcOfRjUmXp!s&w)z0C4F7IaMdPhSkVnZq$t*x-A2D5G8KbNeQiTlWo#r%v(y+B3E6H9LcOgRjUmYp!s&w)z1C4F7JaMdPhSkWnZq$u*x-A2D5H8KbNfQiTlXo#s%v(y0B3E6I9LdOgRjVmYp!t&w)z1C4G7JaMePhSkWnZr$u*x+A2D5H8KcNfQiUlXo#s%v)y0B3F6I9LdOgSjVmYq!t&w-z1D4G7JbMePhTkWoZr$u(x+A2E5H9KcNfRiUlXp#s%v)y0C3F6IaLdOgSjVnYq!t*w-z1D4G8JbMeQhTkWoZr%u(x+B2E5H9KcOfRi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