高考英语一轮复习外刊语法填空(The cyberwar in Ukraine) 讲义

ThecyberwarinUkraine

Thedigitalfront

Ukrainehasshownhow

cyber-defencecan

prevail

Warsaretestbedsfornewtechnology.TheKoreanwarsawjet

fighters

1.________(employed)

atscaleforthefirsttime.Israel

pioneered

theuseof

drones

as

radar

decoys

initswarwithEgyptin

1973.AndtheGulfwarof

1991

wasacoming-outpartyforGPS-guided

munitions.Russia’s

invasion

ofUkraineisthefirsttime2.__________(that)two

mature

cyber-powershavefoughteachotherovercomputernetworksin

wartime.Theresultisalessoninthelimitsof

cyber-powerandtheimportanceofhavingasounddefence.

Thepopularnotionofcyberwarhasbeenshapedby

lurid

and

dystopian

scenarios

ofan“electronicPearlHarbour”,first

envisaged

inthe

1990sandaccentuatedbythe

relentless

digitisationofsociety.Thosefearshavebeenfannedby

glimpses

ofthepossible.TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworm,3._______(which)cametolightin

2010,

inflicted

damageonIraniannuclear

machinery

withfiendish

ingenuity.RussianmalwaresabotagedUkraine’spowergridin

2015

and

2016.

Yetwhenafull-blown

cyberwarcametoUkraine,theresultwas

modest.Thiswasnotforwantoftrying.RussiahasthrownvastamountsofmalwareatUkraine—thelargest

onslaught

ever,saysomeofficials.Thereweresome

notable

successes,suchasthe

disruption

ofViasat,a

commercial

satellite-communications

serviceusedbyUkraine’sgovernmentand4.________

(armed)

forces,lessthananhour5._________(before)the

invasion.

But,

despite

Russia’s

cyber-warriors,Ukraine’slights,powerandwaterstayedon.Thebanksremainedopen.Perhapsmostimportant,VolodymyrZelensky,Ukraine’spresident,continuedtomake

nightly

television

broadcasts

tothenation.How?

PartoftheanswerliesinRussia’smissteps.It

limited

its

initial

strikesbecauseit

assumed

thatUkrainianinfrastructurewouldsooncome6.________（under）itscontrol.Russia’s

cyber-forcesalsohavelessexperienceof

integrating

cyber-operationswith

military

onesthantheirAmerican

counterparts,whohavebeendoingitfor

30

years.

The

conflict

alsoshowshow

wartime

cyber-powerhasbeen

miscast.Spectacular

cyber-attacksarerarebecausetheyaremuchmore7.________

(demanding)than

commonly

thought.TheRussian

sabotage

ofUkraine’spowergridin

2016,forinstance,8._______(took)morethantwoyearstoprepare.Viasat-likeattacksarenotmass-produced

missiles

thatcanbe

launched

atanytarget.Theyarecustom-made.

​

Itisstillearly9._______(todraw）

solid

conclusions.Thewaris

raging

andnewmalwareisappearingallthetime.Russiamaybekeepingsomeofitsmost

potent

cyber-capabilities

in

reserve.Yetthefirstsignsareencouraging.Ithasoftenbeen

assumed

thatthe

cyber-domain

isanattacker’splayground,and10._______(that)malwarewillalwaysgetthroughandcause

devastation.Ukrainehas

defied

expectations

andshownthatevenoneoftheplanet’sbest-resourced

cyber-powerscanbekeptat

bay

witha

disciplined

andwell-organiseddefence.Answer：employedthatwhicharmedbeforeunderdemandingtooktodrawthat「解析」①短语：1.原文：TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworm,whichcametolightin2010,inflicteddamageonIraniannuclearmachinerywithfiendishingenuity.词典：cometolight暴露；真相大白；众所周知例句：Newevidencehasrecently

come

to

light.\o"点击发音"新的证据最近已披露出来。\o"点击发音"\o"点击发音"2.原文：Thiswasnotforwantoftrying.词典：forwantof缺乏例句：Theprojectfailed

for

want

of

financialbacking.\o"点击发音"这个项目由于缺少财政支援而告吹。3.原文：Thereweresomenotablesuccesses,suchasthedisruptionofViasat,acommercialsatellite-communicationsserviceusedbyUkraine’sgovernmentandarmedforces,lessthananhourbeforetheinvasion.词典：armedforces武装部队；陆海空三军例句：Everymemberofthe

armed

forces

isahero.\o"点击发音"武装部队的每个人都是英雄。4.原文：ItlimiteditsinitialstrikesbecauseitassumedthatUkrainianinfrastructurewouldsooncomeunderitscontrol.词典：undercontrol处于控制之下；情况正常例句：We'vegottogettheeconomy

under

control

oritwillliterallyeatusup.\o"点击发音"我们必须控制住经济，否则它真地就会把我们困住。5.原文：TheRussiansabotageofUkraine’spowergridin2016,forinstance,tookmorethantwoyearstoprepare.词典：forinstance例如例句：Ifyousmellsomethingunusual(gasfumesorburning,

for

instance),takethecartoyourmechanic.\o"点击发音"如果你闻到了异味（例如汽油味或燃烧味），就把车带给你的修理工。6.原文：Oneisthatcyber-campaignscanrunoutofsteam.词典：runoutofsteam失去势头；精疲力竭例句：Poorsupervision,badjobprospectsorlack

of

moneycausethemto

run

out

of

steam.\o"点击发音"缺少职业指导，前途渺茫，经济拮据成了他们最终放弃的原因。7.原文：Theyresortedtomorebasicattacksthatcouldbelaunchedathightempoandscale.词典：atahightempo快节奏地例句：Inthefirsthalftherewerelotsofgoodchances

at

bothendsandthegamewasplayed

at

a

high

tempo.\o"点击发音"上半场双方都机会多多，比赛节奏很快，质量很高。8.原文：Thesecondimplicationisthatelaboratecyber-offensivesareoftenneededthemostwhenrawviolenceisoffthetable.词典：offthetable不予考虑；免谈例句：Oncedeathwas

off

the

table,however,jurorscouldconvictwithaclearerconscience.一旦死刑被废除，陪审团定罪就能更加问心无愧。9.原文：Russia’srecentairattacksshowthatIraniandronesareacheaperandsimplerwaytoknockoutthepowergrid.词典：knockout敲空；击倒；打破；使筋疲力竭例句：Whatkindsofeventscould

knock

out

adieselgenerator?\o"点击发音"什么事件可能使得柴油发电机故障？10.原文：Wartimecyber-offensivestendtocomplementmilitaryactionratherthanreplaceit.词典：ratherthan而不是；宁可……也不愿例句：Hewilldrain,

rather

than

enrich,thecountry.\o"点击发音"他将耗尽而不是增加国家的财富。11.原文：So,too,didprivatefirmslikeMicrosoft,anAmericantechgiant,andESET,acyber-securitycompanyfromSlovakia,whichmonitortrafficonUkrainiannetworks,oftenusingartificialintelligencetocombthroughhugevolumesofcode.词典：combthrough梳理例句：Comb

through

thehairtogetridofexcesshair.\o"点击发音"把头发里的头发茬梳掉。11.原文：Itisstillearlytodrawsolidconclusions.词典：drawconclusions下结论例句：It'stoosoonto

draw

conclusions

aboutacomplexissue.\o"点击发音"对于这样一个复杂的问题太快得出结论还为时过早。②长难句1.原文：TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworm,whichcametolightin2010,inflicteddamageonIraniannuclearmachinerywithfiendishingenuity.2.分析：该句主句是（TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworminflicteddamageonIraniannuclearmachinery；which引导了非限制性定语从句，先行词是TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworm，in2010是时间状语。3.译文：2010年曝光的美国—以色列震网蠕虫病毒（American-IsraeliStuxnetworm）以极其巧妙的方式破坏了伊朗的核机器。原文：Ithasoftenbeenassumedthatthecyber-domainisanattacker’splayground,andthatmalwarewillalwaysgetthroughandcausedevastation.分析：主句的结构为主语（It）谓（hasoftenbeenassumed）宾语从句（thatthecyber-domainisanattacker’splayground,andthatmalwarewillalwaysgetthroughandcausedevastation.）。that都引导宾语从句，第一个that引导的宾语从句的结构是主（thecyber-domain）系（is）表（anattacker’splayground），第二个that引导的宾语从句的结构是主（malware）谓（willalwaysgetthroughandcause）宾（devastation）。译文：人们都觉得，网络领域就是攻击者的游乐