2023年12月英语四级真题第三套

202３年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)ParｔIWritｉnｇ(3０ｍinutｅs)Diｒeｃｔions：Forthispart，youaｒeallowed３０minｕtestowriteaｎｅｓｓay.Ｓｕpposeyoｕhavetwooptionsupｏnｇｒａduatｉon:oneisｔowoｒkinastaｔe-oｗnｅdｂusinｅssandｔｈeｏtherinａｊｏintveｎｔuｒe.Youaｒetomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Wｒiteanｅssａytoexpｌａintheｒeaｓｏnｓfｏryoｕrｃhoice.Youｓｈoｕｌｄwriteatlｅａst120wｏrdsｂｕtnｏmｏrｅthan1８0wｏrds.PaｒｔＩIListｅningComｐreｈenｓｉon(2５minutes)说明：由于202３年12月四级考试全国共考了２套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全同样,只是顺序不同样,因此在本套真题中不再反复出现。ＰartⅢＲeadｉｎgCompreｈｅｎsion(4０ｍinｕtｅs）SectioｎADiｒeｃtｉｏnｓ:Ｉｎthissecｔｉon，ｔhereisａpassagｅwｉtｈteｎｂｌankｓ.Youａrｅｒｅｑuirｅdtoseｌectoｎewordforｅacｈblankfroｍａlistoｆchoicesgｉveniｎaｗordｂankfollｏwinｇthｅｐaｓsaｇe.Rｅadthepａｓsagethroｕghｃarefuｌlyｂeｆoｒemａkｉｎgyourchoices.Eachchoｉｃeinthｅｂankisｉdｅnｔiｆiｅｄbyaｌetteｒ.ＰleaｓemarkthｅcorｒｅsｐondingletｔerfoｒeaｃｈiｔeｍoｎAnｓwerSｈeet2withasinglelinetｈrｏｕghthecｅｎtre.Youｍaynotusｅaｎyoftｈeworｄsinthｅbankmｏｒethanｏnce.Questions26ｔo３５ａrｅbasedontｈefｏｌｌoｗiｎgｐａssａge．Maｎｙmeｎanｄwomenhavｅlongbｏuｇｈtintotheidｅathａｔtheｒeare"mａle＂ａnd"ｆemａle"bｒａins,beliｅvｉngthatｅxplainｓｊｕstａboutｅvｅrｙdiｆferenｃebeｔwｅentｈesｅxｅs.Anewstudｙ2６thatｂelief,quｅstioniｎgwheｔheｒｂrainｓreallycanbedistinｇuishｅｄbygeｎｄer.Inthesｔudy,TelＡviｖＵｎｉｖersｉtyresｅarcherｓ27forsｅｘdiｆferencｅsｔｈｒoughouttheentirehｕｍanｂraｉn．Andｗhatdidtheyfiｎd？Noｔmuch.Ratherthａnｏfferevidenｃeｆoｒ28brainsas"male＂ｏr"female,"resｅarchshｏwｓthatｂrainsｆallｉntoawidｅｒaｎｇe，ｗithmｏｓｔpeoplｅｆallinｇrighｔinthｅmiｄdle.DaphnaJoel，wholｅdtｈesｔuｄy,saiｄherreｓeａrchfoｕndｔｈatwhiletheｒｅａｒeｓｏmeｇenｄｅr-based29，manyｄiｆfｅrenttｙpｅsoｆbraincａn'ｔａlｗaｙｓｂedｉｓtinguisheｄbygender．Whileｔhe"ａverage＂mａｌｅand"avｅｒage"ｆemalebraiｎswere30ｄifｆerent,ｙoｕｃouｌdn'ｔtｅlｌitｂｙlｏｏkiｎgatiｎdivｉdualｂrainsｃans.Onlyaｓmall３1ofpｅoplｅｈａd"ａll-mａｌe"ｏr＂ａll－feｍａlｅ"characteｒｉsｔiｃｓ.ＬaｒrｙＣaｈill,ａnAmｅricａｎneｕrｏsciｅｎtiｓt(神经科学家),ｓaidthesｔuｄyisａnimpｏrtanｔａdditioｎtｏａgrｏwｉngbodyｏfｒesearchquestionｉｎｇ３２belieｆｓabｏutgｅｎdｅｒaｎｄｂｒａinｆuncｔｉｏn.Ｂuｔｈeｃautｉoｎeｄagainsｔｃonclｕdｉnｇfrｏmthｉsstｕdythaｔalｌbrainsarｅthesamｅ，33ｏｆgenｄer．＂Theｒe'samｏuｎtainofｅviｄｅncｅ34tｈeimportaｎceofseｘinflｕｅncesａtallleｖelsofbrainfｕｎction,＂heｔｏldTheSｅattleTimes．Ifaｎythiｎg,hｅsａｉd,thesｔudｙ3５thａtgenderpｌaysaveｒyｉmｐｏrtaｎtroleiｎthebrain--＂evenwｈeｎｗeaｒenotclearexacｔlｙhow.＂Ａ.abnｏrmalB.appliｅｄＣ.briefｌyＤ.cateｇorｉzingＥ.chａllenｇeｓF.figureG.perｃentageH.ｐｒｏvinｇI.regａrdlessJ.sｅarcｈedＫ．sｉｍilaritiesL.slｉghtｌyM.ｓuggｅstsN．taｓtｅs０.ｔｒaditionａlＳeｃｔionBDiｒectiｏｎｓ：Inｔhiｓsecｔion，yｏｕaｒegoiｎｇｔoｒeaｄａpａｓsagewiｔｈｔenstatemeｎtsatｔachｅdtoit.Ｅaｃhstatemenｔｃontａｉnｓｉnformatｉｏnｇiveniｎoneoftｈｅpａragraphs．Iｄentiｆｙthｅpａｒａgrａphｆｒoｍwhiｃhｔｈeinｆｏｒmaｔionisderived．Youmaychoosｅapａraｇraphｍｏrethａnonｃe.Eaｃhparａgrａｐhismaｒkedwithalettｅr.AnsweｒｔheｑuestionsbymaｒkiｎgｔhecorrｅsｐoｎｄinglｅtｔｅronＡnswerSheet2.CanＢｕrglarｓＪamYourWirelessSｅcuｒiｔySystem？A.Anyproducｔthatpromｉseｓtoprｏｔectyourhｏmｅdｅｓｅrvescareｆulexamination.Ｓoiｔｉｓn’tｓurpriｓingtｈaｔyou’11finｄpleｎtyofstrｏｎgoｐinｉonsaｂouttｈｅpotentiａｌｖuｌnｅrａbiｌiｔieｓｏｆpoｐulａrhoｍe—sｅcｕｒitysｙsteｍs．B.Ｔhemｏstliｋelytyｐeｏfbｕrｇlaｒy(人室盗窃)byfａrｉsｔheunsｏphistｉcatedcrimeｏｆopｐortunｉty，uｓualｌyｉnvｏlｖingabroｋenwiｎdowｏｒsoｍefｏrceｄeｎtry.AccorｄiｎgtoｔｈeFB1．crimｅslｉketheｓeaccｏuｎｔｅdfoｒrougｈlytｗo.thｉｒdsofalｌｈｏuseｈoldburglarｉesinｔhｅUSin20２3.Thewidemａjｏrｉｔyｏfthｅreｓtwereillegaｌ．uｎｆorcedeｎtriesｔhaｔrｅsｕltedfrｏｍｓｏｍethｉｎgｌikｅawiｎdowｂｅinglefｔopen．ＴhｅoddｓofacriminalusiｎgtechnicalmeanｓtoｂypａsｓaseｃuriｔysyｓteｍaｒesosｍalｌｔｈａttｈｅFBIｄoｅsn’ｔｅveｎtｒaｃktｈoｓestａｔiｓtｉcｓ.C．Ｏｎeｏfthemaiｎtheoretiｃalhoｍe—ｓecuｒｉtyconｃeｒnｓiswhｅｔｈerｏrｎotagivensyｓｔemiｓｖulneraｂletobeiｎgbloｃｋedfｒｏmworkiｎgalｔｏgｅther.Wiｔhｗiredsetuｐs，ｔｈefeariｓｔhataburglar（人室盗贼)migｈtbｅableｔosｈｕtyoursystemdoｗｎsimpｌybyｃuttingthｅｒigｈtcaｂｌe.Wｉｔhａwiｒelesssetｕp．yｏｕｓticｋbattery—powｅrｅdsenｓoｒsｕpａroｕｎdyourhometｈaｔkeepaneyeｏnｗindoｗs。doｏｒs，motiｏn,ａｎdmoｒe．Ｉftheydeｔectsomｅｔhingwｒongｗhilethesystｅmisaｒmed．they’lltranｓmiｔａwirelessａleftsigｎaltoaｂasesｔaｔｉoｎthatｗillthenｒaiseｔhealarｍ.Thａtapｐrｏachwｉllｅlimiｎatemoｓtcord—cuttiｎgconｃeｒns--ｂutｗｈａtaｂouttheirｗｉrelｅssequivａlent,jammｉng?witｈtｈefighｔdevicｅｔunｅdtｏtｈefigｈｔfrｅqｕency,wｈat’ｓtosｔoｐathieｆfromjａmmingyｏuｒsetuｐandｂloｃｋinｇthatalｅrｔｓignalｆromevｅrreachingｔhebasestatｉｏn?D.Jammｉngcoｎｃｅrnsarenoｔｈiｎｇneｗ，anｄthey’renoｔuniqｕeｔosecurｉtｙsystems.Ａnydeｖｉｃetｈat’sbuilｔtoreceiveawｉrelesssｉgｎalataspeciｆiｃｆrequencｙｃaｎbeｏverwhｅlmｅdbyastronｇersiｇnａlcｏmｉｎginonthesamefreqｕencｙ．Fｏrcoｍｐａｒison.1eｔ’ssａyyouｗaｎtｅｄto“jａm”acｏnversaｔionｂetｗeenｔwoｐeople--ａlｌyou’dnｅedtodoisｙeｌlinｔｈｅlistenｅr’seａr.E)Secｕriｔydｅvicesarｅｒequirｅdｔｏliｓtｔhefrequenｃiｅstheybｒoadcastoｎ—mａｔmeansthａｔapｏｔｅnｔｉalｔｈieｆcanｆiｎdwｈaｔtheynｅedtoknowwitｈｍinimalＧooglinｇ.Ｔheywｉｌl．howｅver.needtoknowwhatsystｅｍthｅy’rｅlookiｎgｆoｒ．Ifyoｕｈaveasigｎｉｎyoｕryａrddecｌａrinｇｗhatsetupｙouuse,thaｔ’dｐointthemｉｎtｈerightdiｒｅctiｏｎ，thｏughatthａｔpoｉｎｔ,ｗｅ’retaｌkinｇａboutaｈｉgｈｌｙtargetｅd，ｓemi—sｏｐhisｔicaｔｅdattａｃk,ａndnｏｔtｈｅsortｏffoｒｃed—enｔryattacｋｔhａｔmaｋesｕpｔheｍajorityofｂurglaｒieｓ．It’seａsｉertofｉnｄａｎdaｃqｕirejａｍmｉngeqｕipmｅntforsoｍefrequenciｅｓthanitiｓforｏtherｓ.F)Ｗiｒeｌessseｃuritypｒovｉderswiｌloftｅntakestepsｔｏheｌpcombattｈethreatofjamminｇattａckｓ.SｉmpｌiＳaｆe，winnｅｒｏfourＥdｉtoｒs’Cｈｏiｃｅｄｉsｔinｃtion．uｔiｌiｚesaｓpecialｓyｓtemthat’ｓcapaｂｌｅofseｐaratｉｎgincidentａｌRFinterｆeｒeｎｃｅfromtargeｔｅdｊａｍmｉnｇａtｔacｋs.Wｈentｈｅｓyｓｔeｍtｈｉnｋｓit’ｓｂeinｇｊａmｍeｄ,it’lｌnotｉfyyouｖiapusｈａlert(推送警报)．Fｒomtheｒe，it’ｓｕｐtoyoutosoｕndｔheaｌarmmanuallｙ．G)SimpliSaｆｅｗaｓsingleｄoutinonerecentａrticlｅonjａmming,ｃoｍpleｔeｗithaｖiｄeｏshowｉｎgｔhｅentiresystembｅinｇeffectiveｌｙbyｐassｅｄwithｈandｈeｌｄjaｍmingequipｍenｔ.AftertａｋingａpproｐrｉateｍeasurestｏconｔainthｅRFｉｎterferenｃetoouｒｔｅstlａb，wetｅstedtheatｔａckoutｆorouｒsｅlvｅs,andｗeｒeabletoverｉｆｙthatｉｔ’spｏssibｌｅwiththeｒighteｑuipmｅnｔ．Ｈｏwevｅr．ｗealｓｏveｒifiedthatSｉｍpliＳafe’sanｔｉ-jamｍiｎgsystｅmｗorｋs．Ｉtcaughtusintheａct,sｅntanaｌｅｒtｔomysｍaｒtphｏnｅ,andａlsolｉstedouｒRFinteｒfｅrenｃeｏnthesystｅm’ｓeventlog.Theｔｅamｂeｈｉｎdtｈｅarｔiｃleａndｖiｄeｏinqｕesｔionmakenomeｎtionofｔｈｅsｙsteｍ，orwhetheｒornotitdeｔｅcteｄthｅm．H)Ｗｅlｉketｈｅｕniquenaｔｕreｏfthatsoftwａre.Itmeａnsｔhａtaｔhiefｌｉkelywoｕldn’tbｅabletoGooglehowthesystｅｍworks.tｈenｆigｕreouｔaｗayａroundit．Evenifthｅycould,SｉmplｉSａfeclaｉmｓtｈａｔitｓｓystemisalwaysevolvinｇ,anｄthａｔitｖaｒiessligｈtｌyｆｒoｍsysteｍｔｏsystｅm，whichmeaｎｓtherｅｗouｌｄｎ’tbeaunｉvｅrsalmagｉｃfｏrmulaforｃrａckingit.Oｔｈersｙｓｔeｍsaｌsｏｓeeｍcoｎｆidｅntonｔｈｅｓubｊectｏfjammｉng．TheteａmatFrontpｏiｎｔａddreｓｓｅｓtheｉssueｉnablogｏｎitｓsite,ｃｉtingtheｉrｏwnjamprotｅｃtioｎsoftwａreandcｌａｉmiｎｇｔhatｔherｅarｅn’tanydocｕｍｅnｔedcasｅsofasuccｅssｆｕｌjaｍattacksincｅthecomｐaｎｙbｅganoｆfeｒｉngwｉrｅleｓssecｕrｉtｙsｅnsorsinthel980s．I)Jａｍmｉngａttacksareaｂｓｏlutelyｐossiｂle.Assaidbefore．ｗｉththｅfｉghtｅquiｐmenｔandthｅrｉgｈtknow—how,it’spossibletojａmanｙwirｅｌessｔransmissｉon.Bｕthowｐrｏｂabｌeisitthatｓomｅonewilｌsucceｓsfullyjamtheirｗayｉnｔoｙouｒhomeａｎｄｓteａlyourｓtｕff?J)Let’simaginethatyouliveｉnａsmaｌｌhomewithawiｒelｅｓsseｃuritysｅｔupthatofferｓａfunctionａlanti—jammiｎgsｙsteｍ．Ｆirｓｔ,ａｔhiefisgｏingｔoneedtotargetyｏｕrhomｅ,ｓpecifically．Then,he’sgoingtoneedｔoknoｗthetecｈniｃａldeｔａｉlsoｆyoｕrsysｔemandａｃqｕireｔheｓｐecifｉcequiｐmｅntｎｅcessaryforjammiｎｇｙｏｕｒspecificsetｕｐ．Ｐreｓuｍably,yｏukeepyourdoｏrslocｋeｄatnighｔandwhileyou’rｅａwａｙ,sothethｉeｆｗiｌlstｉlｌnｅedtobreakiｎ.Tｈatmeａnsdｅfeatingthｅｌocksoｍehow,orｂreakingawｉndoｗ.He’11needtｏbeｊaｍmiｎgyouａttｈｉspｏiｎt,asａbｒokenｗindoworｏｐｅneddoorwouldnormallyreｌeaｓetheａｌaｒm．S0，ｔoo，wｏuldｔhｅmoｔiondetectorsinyourhoｍｅ，ｓothetｈｉefwillneedtocontｉnuejammiｎｇoncehe’siｎsideandseaｒchinｇforthiｎgｓtosteal.However.he’11ｎeｅｄtodosowithoutｔrｉppinｇthｅantｉ-jammiｎｇsysteｍ,theｄｅtaｉlsoｆwhiｃhhｅalmｏｓtｃertainlyｄoesnothａveacceｓｓtｏ.K）Ａttｈeendofｔheday，theｓekｉndsｏfsystemsａreprｉｍaｒilydesｉｇnedtoｐｒoteｃtagaｉnsttheｓortｏｆoｐportunisｔｉcsmash—and—grａbattaｃｋtｈatmａｋｅsupthｅｍaｊorityｏfbｕrglａrｉes．They’rｅalsoonlyａｓｉngｌｅlaｙｅrinwｈaｔshoｕldiｄｅalｌybeamａny—sidedappｒoaｃhtｏsecurinｇyouｒｈoｍｅ，onethａｔincluｄesｃoｍmonsenｓethｉngslikesounｄlocksanｄpｒoｐerexｔeｒiorｌightingａtｎigｈt.Nｏsysｔemiｓimpeｎetrable，andnoｎeｃanpromisｅtoｅlimｉnatethｅwoｒｓtcasecoｍpletely．Everyｏneoｆthemhasvuｌnerabiｌitiesｔhａｔaknowledgｅabletｈiefcｏulｄｔheoｒetｉｃallyeｘpｌoiｔ．Agｏoｄsyｓtemｉsoneｔhaｔkeｅpstｈaｔwｏrst—ｃasesettｉｎｇasiｍprobabｌｅａｓｐossiblewhilｅａｌsoｏffｅriｎgstrｏngpｒotectioｎintheeventoｆａlｅss-ｅxtrａordinarｙattａcｋ.３6.Itiｓpossiblefｏｒburgｌａrstoｍaｋejａmｍingattａｃkswiththenecｅssaｒyequipmenｔandskiｌl.３7.Ｉntｅrfeｒiｎｇｗithａwｉrelessｓｅcｕritｙsｙstｅmissimilartｏinterferiｎgwｉｔhaｃonversａｔiｏn．３8．Ａburｇｌarhasｔoｃontｉnuoｕslｙjamｔheｗirelｅｓssecurｉｔydeｖiceｔｏaｖoidtriｇｇerｉnｇthｅaｌａｒm，ｂothinsiｄeandoｕtsidetｈehousｅ．39．SimplｉSafｅpｒｏvideｓdeｖicｅsthaｔaｒeaｂletodiｓｔiｎguisｈｉncidentａlradｉｏｉｎterｆerｅncefrｏｍtａｒgeｔｅdｊａｍmingattacks.４0．Ｏnlyavｅrysmallpropｏrtionofｂurglarｉｅsarecommittedbyteｃｈnicａlmeａnｓ.41．IｔisdiffｉcultｔoｃracｋSimpliSａfｅａsitssｙstemkｅepｓchangｉnｇ．4２．Wiｒelｅssdeviceswiｌltransmitｓignａlsｓoastoａcｔｉvatetheaｌarmoncesoｍethｉngｗrｏngisdetected.43．Diｆferｅｎtmｅasuｒｅssｈoｕldｂeｔakeｎtoｐrotｅcｔone’sｈomefｒomburgｌaryinaddｉｔｉoｎtoｔhewirelesｓsecurityｓystｅm.４４．ＳiｍｐｌiＳafe’sdeviｃecａnsendａwarningｔｏtheｈouｓeowｎeｒ’sｃeｌlphonｅ．45．Burｇlarｓｃaｎｅaｓｉlygeｔasｅcuritｙｄeｖiｃe’sfrｅquencybyＩntｅrｎetseａrcｈ.SｅctionCＤirectioｎｓ:Ｔhereaｒe２ｐaｓsagｅｓinｔｈisseｃtion.Ｅacｈｐasｓaｇeisfｏｌlowedbysｏｍeqｕｅsｔionsorunｆiｎishedstatements．ForｅachofthｅｍthｅrearefourchoicesmaｒkedA，B，ＣandD.YｏushoｕldｄecideonthebｅｓｔcｈoｉceａｎdmarkthｅｃoｒrespondiｎｇletteｒonAnsｗｅrＳhｅet２wｉthasｉｎglｅｌineｔhroｕghthｅcenｔrｅ.ＰａｓsageOneＱuesｔioｎs4６ｔo５0ａrｅbasedｏiｌｔhefoｌlｏｗinｇpasｓage.Ａsapersoｎwhowｒiｔesaboutfoｏｄanddrinkforａliving。Icoｕldn’ttellｙouthefｉrｓtthｉnｇａbouｔＢilｌPｅｒryorwhetherthｅbeｅrｓhesellsarethatgrｅａt.ButＩcａnteｌlyoｕthatIlｉｋｅtｈｉsguy．That’ｓbeｃａｕｓehｅplaｎstobantiｐｐiｎginfａvorofｐayinghisｓeｒversanaｃtuallivingwagｅＩhatetipｐiｎｇ．Ｉhateｉtbｅcａuｓeｉt’saｎｏbligａｔionｄｉsguisedasanoptｉon．Iｈateitforthｅpｏｓt—ｄinｎermａthitｒequｉresofme.Butmosｔly.IｈatetippinｇbeｃauseIbelｉｅvelｗouldbｅinabetterplaceiｆpaｙdｅcisionｓｒegａrｄingeｍｐｌoyeesweｒesｉｍplyleftuｐtotｈeiremployers,asｉsthecuｓtoｍinviｒtuａllｙｅveryotherinduｓｔrｙ．Mostｏｆyｏuprobabｌythiｎｋｔhaｔyouhaｔetippｉｎｇ,too．Reｓearchｓuggesｔsoｔhｅrwiｓe.Youaｃtuａllｙlovetｉppｉnｇ!Ｙouliketｏｆｅｅｌthatyoｕhaveavoiceｉnhoｗｍuｃｈmoｎｅyyourｓｅrｖerｍakｅs.Nomatterｈowthemathwoｒksout,youpersistｅntlyviewｒeｓtauraｎtｓwiｔｈvoｌuｎtａryｔippingsysteｍsasｂeingabettｅrｖalue,ｗｈichmakeｓitextreｍelydifficultfｏｒrｅstauｒaｎtsandbarsｔｏdoawaywiｔhｔhetippingsystｅｍ.Oｎｅargumｅntthatｙoｕtｅndtohｅａralotfromｔhepr0—ｔｉｐｐiｎgcrowdseemsloｇicalｅnｏugh:ｔｈeｓeｒｖｉｃeｉsｂetterｗheｎwaiｔｅｒsdｅpendｏntｉps,prｅsｕｍablybecausetheｙsｅeａbｅnefｉttoｓuccessｆulｌｙveilｉnｇｔheircｏntemｐtｆoryｏｕ．Ｗｅll．ifthiswｅretrue．weｗouｌdallｂeslippingafｅwl00-dｏllarｂｉlｌstooｕrdｏcｔｏｒson-ｔheｗayouttｈeiｒdｏｏrs,ｔoo.Ｂutａｓiｔｔuｒnsoｕt,ｗaitｅrsｓeeoｎlｙａｔｉnyｂuｍpｉｎtipswheｎtheydoanexcｅptionaljobｃoｍｐareｄtoaｐａssabｌeoｎe.Wａiteｒs，keeｎobsｅrvｅrsoｆhuｍanitｙtｈattheyarｅ.arecaｔｃhiｎｇontotｈｉs；inｏｎepｏlｌ，afulｌ30%ｓaｉｄtheydidn’tbelieｖetｈejobtｈeyｄｉｄhadaｎyimpactonthｅtipsｔheyrｅceiｖed．Socｏｍｅon,foｌks：gｅtonbｏardｗithｄitchiｎgtｈeｏｕtdatedtipsｙsｔeｍ.Ｐayalittlemoreｕpｆrontｆｏrｙourｂeeｒorbuｒger．SupｐortＢillPｅｒry’spub,andａnｙｏtherｂarorresｔaｕranttｈatdｏeｓn’tasｋyｏutｏdodruｎｋｅnmatｈ．46.、ⅣｈatcａｎweleａｒnaboｕｔBiｌlＰerｒyfromthepassａge?A.Herunsaｐｕbthatseｒveｓｅxｃｅlleｎtｂｅer．Ｂ.Heｉnｔｅndstogｅtridoｆｔｈｅtippｉnｇｐrａcｔice.C.Hegiveshiｓｓtaｆfaconsiｄｅｒaｂlesｕmfortｉｐs.D.Helivesｃomfoｒtabｌｙwｉthoutgettiｎganyｔips.47．Ｗhatiｓthemaiｎreaｓｏnwｈｙtheaｕｔhorhａteｓtipping?Ａ.Iｔｓeｔｓaｂadeｘampｌeforotｈｅrｉｎｄusｔries．B.Iｔaddsｔothｅburｄenofｏrｄinａryｃustｏmｅrｓ.Ｃ.Ｉｔforcesｔheｃuｓtｏｍeｒtｏcoｍｐeｎsatetheｗａｉter．Ｄ.Ｉｔｐoseｓagｒeaｔｃhallｅngｅｆorcuｓtomerｓtodｏｍaｔh．48.Ｗhydｏｍanypｅoplelｏｖetipｐingacｃoｒdingｔotheauｔhor?A.Ｔｈｅｙhelpｉmprｏvetｈeqｕalitｙoｆtｈeｒestaｕrantｓtｈeydinein.Ｂ.Theｙbelｉevｅwaｉｔeｒsdeserｖeｓｕcｈｒewａrdsｆｏｒgｏodservice.C.Ｔheyｗantｔopｒeｓerｖeａｗonderｆｕltraｄitｉoｎofｔheｉndｕstｒy.D.Theyｃａｎhａveｓomesａｙiｎhowｍuchtheirserversearｎ．４9.Ｗhathaｖesomewaiterscoｍeｔoｒeaｌizeaccoｒdingtoaｓuｒveｙ?A.Serviceｑualｉtyhasｌｉtｔlｅeffｅctoｎtipsｉｚe．B.Iｔisinhuｍannaturｅtotrytｏsaｖeoｎtipｓ.C.Ｔiｐsｍaｋｅiｔmoｒedifｆicｕｌｔｔoplｅasｅｃusｔｏmers.D.Tipsbeｎefittｈebossｒaｔhｅrtｈａntheemｐｌoｙees．５0.Whａtdoｅｓtheａutｈorａｒgueｆoｒintheｐａｓsaｇe?A.Resｔauｒａntssｈoｕldｃaｌcuｌaｔetheｔipsfoｒcｕstｏmers.Ｂ.Ｃustomerssｈouldｐayｍoretiｐsｔoｈｅlpimｐroveservｉcｅ．C.Wａiteｒsｄeserｖebeｔterthanｊｕstｒelｙｉnｇonｔｉpsfｏraliving.Ｄ.Waｉtersshouldbepaｉdbyemploｙeｒsinsｔeadoｆｃusｔomｅrｓ.PassaｇeTwoQｕestionｓ5lto５5aｒebasedonthefｏｌｌowingpaｓsage．Inｔhepａst，fａllingoilpｒicｅsｈavｅgiｖeｎabｏosttｏtｈewｏrldｅcｏnoｍy，butｒecentforecasｔｓfoｒglｏｂalgｒowthhavebeentonｅddoｗn.ｅvenａsｏｉlpricessinklowｅrandｌoｗer．Doｅstｈatｍeａntheliｎｋbetweeｎloweroilprｉｃeｓandgｒowthhａｓweａkened?Someexpeｒｔssayｔｈereareｓｔillｇoodｒeaｓｏnｓｔｏbeliｅvｅｃｈeａpoilshouldｈｅaｔｕpｔｈeｗoｒldｅｃonomy．Ｃonｓumershavｅmoremoneyｉntheｉrpocketsｗhｅnthey’repayingleｓｓatｔｈｅpuｍp.Ｔheyspｅndｔhatｍｏneｙｏffoｔheｒｔhings,ｗhichstimulatestheeｃonｏmy.ＴhebｉggestgａinsgｏtocｏｕｎtrｉesthatiｍportmostofｔｈeｉrｏillikeChina．Jａpaｎ.andＩｎdia.Butdoesｎ＇ttｈeextramoneｙｉntheｐoｃketsofｔhosecoｕntries'coｎsumersmeaｎaｎeｑｕalｌｏssｉｎoil-prodｕcingｃｏｕntries,canｃellｉｎｇｏuttｈegaiｎs?Notneceｓsarilｙ,sayeｃonｏｍicreseａrchｅｒSaraJｏhnsoｎ."Manyoilｐrｏｄucerｓbuiltuphugereｓerｖefundswhｅnprｉceswerehiｇh,sｏｗhｅnpｒicesfaｌlｔheyｗilldｒａｗｏntheｉrreservｅstｏsｕpportｇovernｍentspendingaｎdsｕbｓｉdies（补贴)ｆｏrｔｈeｉrconｓumers.Bｕｔnoｔallｏilpｒoducｅrshaｖebigreserves.InVenｅｚuela,ｃollapｓingoilｐrｉｃeshavesｅntitsecoｎｏmｙiｎtｏfｒｅe-fall.ＥcｏｎoｍistCarlWeinbergbeｌieｖestｈenｅgaｔiveeffeｃｔｓofpｌungiｎgoilpricｅsareoverwhelmiｎｇthｅpositiveｅffecｔsoｆcheａperｏil．Theimｐlicatｉonｉsasharｐdeｃｌineiｎgloｂaｌｔｒade,ｗhiｃhhaｓplｕnｇedpartlｙbecausｅoｉl-ｐrｏdｕｃingnationscan＇taffoｒdtoｉmportaｓmucｈａstheyusｅdｔo.SaraJohnsonackｎｏwledgesthａttheｇloｂalｅｃonomiｃbenｅfitｆｒｏmafａlliｎｏilpriｃｅstodaｙiｓliｋｅlｙlｏwerthaｎiｔwasｉnthｅｐaｓｔ.Oｎｅｒｅasonisｔhatmorｅｃｏｕntriｅｓarebiｇoiｌpｒodｕcｅrsnow,ｓotheｎatｉonssuｆfeｒingfrｏmthepricedroｐaｃｃountforａｌａrｇeｒｓhａｒeofthｅｇlobａleconoｍy．Conｓumｅrｓ,inthｅU．Ｓ.ａｔleaｓt,arｅａｃtｉngcautiｏusｌywiｔhtheｓavingstｈｅy＇regeｔtiｎｇatthegaspump，ａstheｍemorｙoftheｒecentgｒeaｔrｅｃessioｎｉssｔiｌlｆrｅｓhintｈｅirmind.Andanｕｍbｅｒofoil－proｄuｃingcｏunｔｒiesarｅtｒiｍmingｔheｉrｇasolinesubsidiｅsandｒａisinｇｔaxes,sｏtｈenetsａｖinｇsforglobalcｏnsumersisnｏtasｂigasthｅｏilｐriceｐlｕｎgeｍighｔsuggest．51.Whａｔdｏｅstheaｕthormaｉnｌｙｄisｃussinthｅpaｓｓagｅ?A．Tｈereaｓonsbehindｔheplungeofoiｌpriceｓ．B．Possiｂlｅwaystostiｍulａtethｅglobａｌecoｎomy.Ｃ.Ｔ