江西省上饶市铁山中学高三英语期末试卷含解析

江西省上饶市铁山中学高三英语期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Therelevantauthoritieshaverecently________somecompaniesandindividualsfortheirillegalemissionthatisharmfultotheenvironment.A.cutbackon

B.crackeddownon

C.followedupon

D.heldouton参考答案：B【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有关当局最近对一些公司和个人非法排放有害环境的行为进行了严厉打击。A.cutbackon削减；B.crackeddownon严惩;；C.followedupon进一步了解；D.heldouton保守秘密。crackdownon“严惩”符合句意。故B选项正确。2.—Whataboutthenewbakeryatthestreetcornernearourschool?

—You________notwanttoeatitscheesecakes,fortheyareverycalorific.

A.dare B.must C.might D.need参考答案：C情态动词。might在本句中表示“不肯定的猜测”，或者在部分语法资料中，把might的本句用法归类为“委婉的建议”。3.---BradwasJane’sbrother!---_______heremindedmesomuchofJane!A.Nodoubt

B.Aboveall

C.Nowonder

D.Ofcourse参考答案：C4.—Mom,I’msorrytotellyouIfailed

mathstest.—Don’tloseheart.But,given

secondchance,youaresupposedtopass.A.the;the

B.the;a

C.a;a

D.a;the参考答案：B5.—Robert,Ifailedagain!—Don’tworry,you’llgetchosenfortheteam.___________.A.Everydoghasitsday.

B.Anewbroomsweepsclean.C.Acatmaylookataking.

D.Apersonisknownbythecompanyhekeeps.参考答案：A略6.—Anythingtodrink?Coffee?

—IthinkI'llhavesometea

coffee．

A．otherthan

B．morethan

C．lessthan

D．ratherthan参考答案：D7.—WhencanIuseyourcomputer?—Never!_______shouldyoutouchit.A.Innotime

B.Undernocircumstance

C.Atnocase

D.Onnocondition参考答案：D试题分析：考查词组辨析：A.Innotime立刻，马上；B.Undernocircumstance在任何情况下都不；C.Atnocase在任何情况下；D.Onnocondition绝不要，从后面的shouldyoutouchit可知这句话用了倒装句，所以选择一个否定意义的词组Onnocondition，句意：---我什么时候可以用你的电脑？--不行，你绝不能碰它。选D。【知识拓展】否定副词或短语+谓语+主语这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but（also）,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等等.如：Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.他没有收下礼物,还狠狠批评了送礼的人.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.她刚出门,就有个学生来访.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.她刚出门,就有个学生来访.注意：只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构.如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构,如NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic8.Olympicathletesbringjoytopeopleacrosstheworldwiththeir____________topushtheboundariesofhumanachievement.A.intelligence B.influences C.impression D.attempts参考答案：D【详解】考查名词。句意：奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限，为全世界人民带来了欢乐。A.intelligence智力，理解力；B.influences

影响；C.impression印象，效果；D.attempts企图，试图。结合句意可知D项符合语境。9.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent

attheendoflastMarch.A．hasbeenlaunched

B．havingbeenlaunchedC．beinglaunched

D．tobelaunched参考答案：B解析：themostrecenthavingbeenlaunched构成独立主格结构。themostrecent指最近发射的载人飞船,与launch是被动关系所以要用动词+ing形式的完成式的被动式。

10.—IsawMr.Blackontheplaygroundthismorning.

—You________.He’sstillonholidayinSanya.A.can’t

B.couldn’thave

C.mustn’thave

D.needn’t

参考答案：B11.（基础题）Ican'tgotothatopera.________，seventydollarsisjusttoomuchformetospendononeevening.A．Inotherwords

B．Onthewhole

C．Inaway

D．Imean参考答案：D略12.ChinaDailyis________anewspaper.IthelpsimproveourEnglish.A．nomorethan

B．nolessthan

C．notmorethan

D．morethan参考答案：D13.I’mafraidI’malittleshort______moneythismonth.

A.for

B.in

C.of

D.with参考答案：C略14.Thepurposeofeducation______betoprovidestudentswithavaluesystem—nottopreparethemforaspecificjob.A．will

B．should

C．could

D．may参考答案：B15.－______hehavebeenchosenascaptainofthefootballteam?

－Yes,he_____.

A.Can;musthave

B.Must;musthave

C.Can;must

D.Must;must参考答案：A略16.Youhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder,____youwon’tpassthecourse.A．and

B．so

C．but

D.or参考答案：D

解析：根据句意“你最好开始努力工作，否则的话/要不然的话，你就不会通过考试”。or表示“否则的话/要不然的话”。17.---Idon’tunderstandwhyCatherinestoppedshort_____sheoughttohavecontinued.---It’sobviousthatshelackedself-confidence.A.when

B.whileC.if

D.as参考答案：A【详解】考查状语从句。句意为：——我不明白为什么凯瑟琳本该继续下去，却突然停了下来。——显然她缺乏自信。when在此表示“虽然，尽管”。while表示“尽管”必须置句首；if表示“如果”；as表示“尽管”需倒装。故选A。18.---Couldyoupleasetellmetheanswertothisquestion?

---______Itisnotmystyletohelppeoplecheat.A.Noprobiem

B.Noway

C.Nowonder

D.Nodoubt参考答案：B二、填空19.Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyharvestsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women'seducationmaybeanunusualeconomicalfield，butincreasingwomen'scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicissueasasocialone.Andeconomics，withitsfocusonencouragement，providesanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsareridofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily：girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy(观念)becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninavicious(恶性的)circleofneglect.Aneducatedmother，ontheotherhand，hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren，ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls，aswellasboys，willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.Fewwillarguethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously，thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestment，buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificanteffectonhealthpractices，includingfamilyplanning.TheSignificanceofFemale___51___inDevelopingCountriesTopicThoughconsideredasasocialissue，women'seducationisalsolinkedtoadevelopingcountry's___52___.SupportingDetailsAviciouscircle●Withlittle___53___oftheirdaughters'contributiontotheirfamily，parentsareunwillingtoinvestinthem.●Girlscan'tgotoschool，___54___upasuneducatedmothersaftertheirmarriages，whosedaughtersarelikelytofollowintheir___55___.Avirtuouscircle●Withfewerbuthealthierchildren，aneducatedmotherisagood___56___ofherchildren'sdevelopment.●Asaresult，herdaughtersreceivegoodeducation.Sowillthenext___57___ofgirls.___58___educatedfemaleshaveoveruneducatedones●Theyhave___59___tomoreiobopportunitiesandcanearnmoremoney.●Theywillenjoymorehealthpractices，includingfamilyplanning.ConclusionEducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesisimportantandrewarding，soitis___60___ofbeinginvested.

参考答案：51.Education

52.economy

53.expectation

54.ending

55.footsteps

56.guarantee

57.generation(s)

58.Edges/Advantages

59.access

60.worthy本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章从经济学的角度论证了在发展中国家女性教育的价值。【51题详解】原词重现。从第一段的句子：Women'seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists可知教育女孩是有价值的投资：填education。【52题详解】词性转化题。根据第一段中Women'seducationmaybeanunusualeconomicalfield，butincreasingwomen'scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicissueasasocialone.可知，尽管视为一个社会问题，妇女的教育也与发展中国家的经济有关联。故将形容词economic改成名词economy。【53题详解】词性转化题。根据第二段第一句Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily：girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.可知，对自己女儿给家庭贡献几乎没有期望，父母都不愿意投资于她们。故把动词expect改成名词expectation。【54题详解】词义归纳。根据第二段中girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy(观念)becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninavicious(恶性的)circleofneglect.可知，女孩不能去上学，最后她们结婚之后作为没受过教育的母亲而结束，她的女儿可能会步她们的后尘。故答案为ending。【55题详解】词义归纳。根据第二段中girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy(观念)becomesself-fulfilling，trappingwomeninavicious(恶性的)circleofneglect.可知，女孩不能去上学，最后她们结婚之后作为没受过教育的母亲而结束，她的女儿可能会步她们的后尘。故答案为footsteps。【56题详解】词义归纳题。根据第三段中Aneducatedmother，ontheotherhand，hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren，ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.可知，有更少但更健康的孩子，受过教育的母亲是孩子们发展的一个很好的保证。故答案为guarantee。【57题详解】词义归纳题。根据第三段中Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls，aswellasboys，willbeeducatedandhealthy.可知，因此,她的女儿接受良好的教育，下一代女孩也将如此。故答案为generation(s)。【58题详解】词义归纳题。根据最后一段中Fewwillarguethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously，thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.可知，受过教育的女性比没受过教育的女性拥有更多的优势。故答案为Edges/Advantages。【59题详解】固定词组。根据最后一段中Mostobviously，thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.可知，他们有更多的工作机会，可以赚更多的钱。固定词组：haveaccessto接近，可以利用，故答案为access。【60题详解】归纳题。根据第一段第一句Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyharvestsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.可知，右边是这篇文章的结论：女孩的教育在发展中国家很重要，非常有益，所以对它的投资是值得的。beworthyof值得，故答案为worthy。20.FamousBritishphysicistStephenHawking,___41___mentalgeniusandphysicaldisabilitymadehimahouseholdnameandinspirationacrosstheglobe,hasdiedatage76.Propelled(推动)tosuperstarbyhis1988bookABriefHistoryofTime,whichbecame___42___unlikelyworldwidebestseller,Hawkingdevoted___43___(he)tounlockingthesecretsoftheUniverse.Hisgeniusandwit___44___(win)overfansfromfarbeyondtheworldofastrophysics,earningcomparisonswithAlbertEinsteinandSirIsaacNewton.Hawkingdied___45___(peaceful)athishomeintheBritishuniversitycityofCambridgeintheearlyhoursofWednesdaymorning.“Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday,”professorHawking’schildrensaidinastatement___46___(carry)byBritain’sPressAssociationnewsagency.“Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinarymanwhoseworkandlegacywilllive___47___formanyyears.”Hawkingrefusedtoacceptthepredictionsthathewouldonlyliveforafewyearsafterdevelopingaformofmotorneuronediseaseinhisearly___48___(twenty).Theillnessgraduallyrobbedhimofmobility,___49___(leave)himconfinedtoawheelchair,almostcompletelyparalysedandunabletospeakexceptthroughhisvoicesynthesiser(合成器).“Hiscourageandpersistencewithhisbrillianceand____50____(humorous)inspiredpeopleacrosstheworld,”hisfamilysaid.参考答案：41.whose

42.an

43.himself

44.won

45.peacefully

46.carried

47.on

48.twenties

49.leaving

50.Humor/humor本文为一篇记叙文。英国最著名的物理学家斯蒂芬霍金，于星期三早晨在家中平静地去世，他一生致力于探究宇宙的奥秘。他的《时间简史》成为当时最畅销的书。他的天才和智慧不仅在物理学界赢得了盛赞，而且还赢得了世人的崇拜。41.考查定语从句关系词。分析句子FamousBritishphysicistStephenHawking,_1__mentalgeniusandphysicaldisabilitymadehim可知，StephenHawking被一个定语从句修饰，先行词Hawking在从句中作mentalgeniusandphysicaldisability的定语，作定语用whose。句意：英国著名的物理学家霍金，他的智力天才和身体的残疾让他成为全世界的家喻户晓的人物和鼓舞人心的人物，已经逝世，享年76岁。故填whose。42.考查冠词。分析句子可知，《时间简史》是一部畅销书，表示数量“一”，形容词unlikely是以元音音素开头的，故填an。43.考查固定搭配。devoteoneselfto(doing)sth为固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”。霍金一生致力于揭开宇宙的奥秘。故填himself。44.考查谓语动词。本文主要讲述霍金生前的事，要用一般过去时，因此本空要用过去时won。句意：他的天才和智慧不只在天体物理学界赢得许多粉丝。故填won。45.考查副词作状语。霍金于星期三凌晨在英国大学城剑桥的家中平静地死去。peaceful为形容词，在句中修饰动词died，修饰动词一般用副词，因此要用其副词形式peacefully。46.考查非谓语。Hawking教授的孩子在英国新闻协会新闻社发表的一份声明中说……。分析句子inastatement___6___(carry)byBritain’sPressAssociationnewsagency可知，carry在句中作astatement的后置定语。根据byBritain’sPressAssociationnewsagency（由新闻社发表的声明），statement与carry是被动关系，故要用过去分词carried。47.考查固定搭配。liveon为固定搭配，在此意为“继续活着，继续存在”。故填on。48.考查固定搭配。inone’stwenties为固定搭配，意为“在某人二十几岁时”。句意：霍金拒绝接受他在20岁多岁时他患了运动神经元病后只活了几年的预言。故填twenties。49.考查非谓语作状语。分析句子可知，前面的句子（Theillnessgraduallyrobbedhimofmobility,）“疾病逐渐夺走了他的机动性“，导致了后面的结果，即“使他只能坐在轮椅上”。这种情况下用动词的ing形式作状语，修饰前面的整个句子。故填leaving。50.考查名词。分析句子__10___(humorous)inspiredpeopleacrosstheworld可知，空格处在句子中做主语，形容词不能作主语，用名词形式做主语，故填Humor/humor。三、阅读理解21.April4thwasjustanotherdayonaWesternAustraliafarmforZacMitchell,untilitsuddenlywasn’t.Inanunexpectedaccident,thecattleworkerwasfeedingtheanimalsinhischargewhenonebullcleanedhimupandkickedhishandupagainsttherail,resultinginthethumbonhisrighthandbeingcutoff.“Mythumbwasstillhangingontherail...whenIgotupofftheground,”ZacMitchellsays.Hisco-workerstriedtheirbesttopreservethethumbforreattachment,placingitoniceinacooler,buttwosurgeriestoputMitchell’sthumbbackinplacefailed.That’swhendoctorscameupwithanothersuggestion:Removeoneofhisbigtoestowherehisthumbusedtobe.Mitchell’sleadsurgeon,SeanNicklin,understoodtheman’sdilemmaatfirst,callingita“bitofacrazyidea”.Afterall,ZacMitchelldidnotwanttobeinjuredinanotherpartofhisbody.Butasthethumbisincrediblyimportantfunction-wise,Mitchelleventuallygavein.Nicklinexplainsthatthebigtoeissurprisinglyfitforathumbswitch:Nervessyncup(同步)nicely,anditlooksmorelikeathumb,thoughagiantone,thananyotheralternativetheymayhavecomeupwith.Headdedthatbigtoesaren’tasnecessaryforbalanceandwalkingaspeoplebelieve.Asfarasthefootgoes,occasional“finebalance”activitieslikesurfingmightbedifficult,butmostpeoplewithoutabigtoefunctionfineineverydaytaskslikewalkingandevencompetitivesports.Theeight-hoursurgerywentwell,andMitchellisexpectedtohaveayearorsoofrecoveryinfrontofhimbeforeheheadsbackintothefields.24.WhathappenedtoZacMitchellonApril4th?A.Hecleanedupabull.

B.Hewasbadlyhurt.C.Hestartedhisfarm.

D.Helosthisthumbs.25.WhatsuggestiondidthedoctorgivetoMitchellaftertheunsuccessfulsurgery?A.Recreatinganewthumbinplace.B.Replacingthethumbwithhistoe.C.Transplantinghisco-worker’sthumb.D.Puttingbackthecut-offthumbagain.26.WhatisMitchell’sfirstattitudetothedoctor’sanothersuggestion?A.Optimistic.

B.Insignificant.C.Hesitant.

D.Rejective.27.AccordingtoNicklin,afterthesurgeryMitchellisableto

.A.surfonthesea

B.dodailyactivitiesC.onlystayathome

D.workonwheelchair参考答案：BBCB24细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“…resultinginthethumbonhisrighthandbeingcutoff.”可知，一个牛场工人被一头公牛弄断了大拇指，严重受伤。故选B。25细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“That’swhendoctorscameupwithanothersuggestion:Removeoneofhisbigtoestowherehisthumbusedtobe.”可知，医生提出建议用他的大脚趾代替大拇指。故选B。26推理判断题。根据第三段二、三句“Afterall,ZacMitchelldidnotwanttobeinjuredinanotherpartofhisbody.Butasthethumbisincrediblyimportantfunction-wise,Mitchelleventuallygavein.”可推断，对于医生的另一个建议起初ZacMitchell是犹豫的，毕竟他不想身体的其他地方受伤。故选C。27B细节理解题。根据最后一段的倒数两句“Headdedthatbigtoesaren’tasnecessaryforbalanceandwalkingaspeoplebelieve.Asfarasthefootgoes,occasional“finebalance”activitieslikesurfingmightbedifficult,butmostpeoplewithoutabigtoefunctionfineineverydaytaskslikewalkingandevencompetitivesports.”可知，根据Nicklin说的，大脚趾对于平衡和走路不是必须的，在日常活动中，像走路甚至竞技性运动，没有大脚趾的人也做得很好。因此可知Mitchell手术后能够从事日常活动。故选B。22.ClimbingWithoutRopesThepopularimageofthemountainclimberisofapersoncarefullyclimbingasteepcliffwithanetworkofsafetyropes,butitisnottheonlykind.Manyclimbersnowenjoybouldering.It’smoreaccessibleandbetterfortheenvironment.Whatisbouldering?Boulderingisasportthatinvolvesclimbingon,over,andaroundbouldersuptoapproximatelytwentyfeetabovetheground.Participantsemploynosafetyropes.Whyboulder?improveyourclimbingskillsbyfocusingonbasicsplacestoclimb,suchasclimbingwallsatgymsandparks,easytofindlesstimecommitmenttoboulderingthantomountainclimbingintellectualandphysicalenjoymentasonesolvesproblems

BoulderingTermscrimp:averysmallhandholdfoothold:aplacewhereonemayplaceafoottoaidinclimbingboulderjug:averylargehandholdthatiseasytouseproblem:Thepathupaboulderisreferredtoasthe“problem”thatonemustsolve.The“solution”isthesequenceofmovesonemakesupandoverab