老师辞典第137天

137(2016/7/9)：黄培辰第1361页：prolong到底在延长什么？说“延年益寿”，是不是就可以说prolongone’slife呢？斯辞典上给出的例句中，首先强调的是《高阶词典》的解释为：tomakesomethinglastalongertime，这个解释和斯辞典略有可以说extendone’slifeexpectancy.还有那些词可以与prolong这里的prolong，既可以是延长，也可以是拖延。和停留相关的词，如prolongthestaybyanotherweek.（延长停留时间药的使用期限：theprolongeduseofa1362promotepomoepomoepomoe还是无法使用，对不对，必须研究pomoe后面的名词搭配，才算真正掌握pomoOurintentionistorelyondialoguetopromotedemocraticprocess（我们的意图是通过对替换为与社会、经济、、和平相关的词，就能学会很多表达了：historicalprocess,socialprocess（和平进程），legalprocess（进程）将promote和developmentThepurposeofthisplanistopromotelocal里的promote…development是结构，和经济、社会、教育有关的词，都可以和promoteculturalandethnicalprogress（促进精神文明进步）贸易、商业、安全等词都可以和promotepromoteregionalsecurity（促进地区安全、promotebilateraltrade（存进双边贸易）等不认识promote，而在于怎样将它和其他名词搭配使用，名词搞通了，promote才能算是working1363（一） kindsoffishes用最普通的句子开篇，如thepicturedescribes,先写句话的主语指代，形成歧义Theywereflourishinginaoceanin将fishestheyThesefishesweredecreasingrapidlyin1995,whilefishingboatswereincreasingataccelerating将variouskindsoffishesthefishes特指，形成第三描述点，带出fishingboatsObviously,thesefishingboatscanberegardedasasymboloframpantcommercialfishinghumanbeingsinthepast将fishingboats由泛指名词变成特指名词thesefishingboats，Thepicturesdescribevariouskindsoffishes.Theywereflourishinginavastoceanin1900.Thesefishesweredecreasingrapidlyin1995,whilefishingboatswereincreasingatanacceleratingspeed.Obviously,thesefishingboatscanberegardedasasymboloframpantcommercialfishingbyhumanbeingsinthepastdecades. (52words)这里我们再学个变招：将第二句话的they变成which/who，形成非限定性定语从句，写起来就更快啦：Thepicturesdescribevariouskindsoffishes,whichwereflourishinginavastoceanin1900.Thesefishesweredecreasingrapidlyin1995,whilefishingboatswereincreasingatanacceleratingspeed.Obviously,thesefishingboatscanberegardedasasymboloframpantcommercialfishingbyhumanbeingsinthepastdecades. (53words)（二）2001Clearly,thepictureslusthatoverfishingthreatenstodomoreharmthangood.However,manyfishingcompaniesseldomgiveprioritytoitspotentialthreatthe商业捕鱼为判定，应该用…有害形成的态度判如manycompanies。ngso串接，将manycompaniesover-exploitoceanresourcesordertoearntremendous指thesecompaniesOntheotherhand,theyrefusetoshouldertheresponsibilityenvironmental用Ontheotherhandmanycompanies换为they，继续填空。Asaresult,itispossibleforthesetodestroythehabitatsofmarine用Asaresult串接，将they替换为Itispossibleforthesecompanies,继续填空。Ifthissituationremains,theirdestructivebehaviorswilldisturbthenaturalbalance，thustotheextinctionofsome用Ifthissituationremains串接，就爱那个itispossibleforthesecompanies替换为theirbehaviorswillprobably继续填空。Clearly,thepictureslusthatoverfishingthreatenstodomoreharmthangood.However,manyfishingcompaniesseldomgiveprioritytoitspotentialthreat.Byngso,thesecompaniesover-exploitoceanresourcesinordertoearntremendousprofit.Ontheotherhand,theyrefusetoshouldertheresponsibilityofenvironmentalprotection.Asaresult,itispossibleforthesecompaniestodestroythehabitatsofmanymarinespecies.Ifthissituationremains,theirdestructivebehaviorswillprobablydisturbthenaturalbalance,thusleadingtotheextinctionofsomefishes. (90words)1364我们在传媒中经常会听到一个说“加大宣传力度英语是不是就可以直译为enhancethepropaganda呢？最好不要这样做，因为propaganda在英语中的内涵为：…information,oftenpeople.大家看到了吧，propaganda在英语中首先强调的是确的信息，如果是加大宣传力度变成enhancethepropaganda，increaseinaccurateinformation？这和我们中文所要表达的意思《麦克米兰辞典》对于propaganda的解释比《斯辞典》更加直白，强调这种信息是不真实（information,especiallyfalseinformation,thataernmentororganizationspreadsinorderdisapproving)ideasorstatementsthatmaybefalseorexaggeratedandthatareusedinordertogainsupportforapoliticalleader,party.用launchahugenfor/against 用Thereshouldbemorepublicityto… 变成结构：Itisessentialthat…(should)bewidely1365proportion,proportion可以与proportion2）Aproportionoftherentismetbythecitycouncil.(rentTheproportionofwomenintheprofessionhadrisento17.3%.（women以与proportion）Theradiostationhastoincludeasubstantialproportionofclassicalmusic.（music名词，不可数，可以与proportion）所以问题并不在于是不是应该背或者翻译这几个例句，而在于注意到alargeproportionofTheproportionof…这两种结构，而且of的后面可以插入名词，这样就可以将proportion用于写作它的结构是Aproportionof名词+动词，还有一个更简洁要套用的：Theproportionof+名词例：Theproportionofpart-timeworkstudentsincreasedfrom61%to82%.（学生的比例从61%上升至82例：TheproportionofChineseautomobilesinthedomesticmarketincreasedfrom25%to30%.（中国车在国内市场的比例由25%上升至30%）下面我再教大家一个使用proportionpercentageTheproportionofChineseautomobilesinthedomesticmarketincreaseddramaticallyinthepasttwoyears.Incomparison,thepercentageofJapanesecarswasonthedeclineinthesameperiod.大家看，如果将proportionof…和thepercentageofincrease和beonthedecline形成正反呼应，不就可以通过词汇的替换，写出两个句子了吗？1366说，prose2016AsAsisimpliedinthepictureabove,someChineseparentslackself-discipline,meanwhiletakingmuchtimeonentertainmentactivitiessuchaswatchingTV.However,theyseemunawarethatthehealthyandbalanceddevelopmentofchildrenismoreimportantthanownownrecreation.Inthissituation,theyseldomplaytheirpartintheirchildrentheoreticalknowledge,independentthinkingandproblemsolvingabilities.Clearly,inenvironment,itisunrealisticfortheirchildrentotrulyimprovetheiracademicstudies,letaloneobtainprofessionalknowledgeandpracticalskillsnecessaryfortheirfutureInmyview,onlywhentheChineseparentsimprovetheiroverallqualitiescanedifficultiesintheiracademicstudies.Similarly,onlywhentheparentsshowgoodexamplescantheirchildrenworkdiligentlytoachievefurtherprogress.Otherwise,theywillliveintheshadowoftheirparents’over-expectation,fullofdepressionanddisappointmentintheirchildhood.TheThefutureofchildrenisinthehandofhisparents:Adrunkardfatherwhoisaddictedalcoholcanhardlyinstructhischildrenthatthebestvirtueintheworldistemperance.Similarly,afatherwhosimplywantstosatisfyhisowndesirescanhardlyhelphischildrenresisttemptations,letaloneencouragethemtoworkdiligentlyforabrilliantfuture.Insuchahomeenvironment,thechildrenlackinstructions,enlightenmentandsupervision,thusgraduallylivingintheshadowoftheirparents.Insteadofstrivingforagoalinthefuture,theseyoungpeopleendupathome,staringattheflickeringTVscreenanddonothingat如上所示，孩 运掌控在父母的手中：酒鬼父亲沉溺究竟，无法教导孩子世界上最好的美是戒酒，同理，只顾满足自 的父亲，也无法教导孩家长 里。这些年轻人Tosumup,one’sdestinyisdeterminedbyenvironmentandlivinghabits.CanyouimaginethatachildcanenjoythereadingofWilliamShakespeare,whilehisparentsareplayingMahjongdominos?Fortheparents,ifitisimpossibletochangetheenvironment,thebestbestphilosophyistochangetheirhabits.Thismightbedifficultinthebeginning,butwilleeasierunderpersistence,dedicationanddetermination.1367prosperity（个人自由和富裕wealthdevelopmentandsuccess，因此当我们使用这个词的时候，经常可以将它与经济活动所带来的济发展的代价经常是环境或者破坏，这种思维叫做经济发展的逆天性，而这种思维就是用prosperity和environmentaldegradation这两个词表现出来的：Theeconomicdevelopmentdoesbringprosperitytoanunderdevelopedcountry.However, paniesinthisprocessisahostofenvironmentalproblems,particularlyovercrowding,airpollutionandtrafficcongestions.Alltheseproblems,ifunsolved,willdefiniyexertnegativeinfluencesuponthesustainablegrowthoftourismindustryinthatarea.我们只要控制住pr