考研英语完型填空模拟试题及答案解析

TheTreasurycouldpocket20millionayearinextrafinesoncethecountry‘sspeedcameraworkisexpanded.Motoringorganizationswarnedthatthe1couldbeeapolltaxonwheels’，2hugenumberofdrivers.Therecouldbemanymoreincidentsofvandalism3cameras.Thewarningscame4aDailyMailsurveyfoundalmostallthe23policeforcesinEnglandandWaleswereeither5toexpansionplansorconsidering6.Nationwide，thenumberofspeedingticketsisexpectedtotreble，790millionayear.8thekeepsomeofthecashfromfinesto9thecostsoffittingandmaintainingextracamerasand10thatexistingonesalwayshavefilminthem.TherestwillgototheTreasury.BothMinistersandpoliceinsisttheschemeisaimed11atmakingroadssafer.Theypointtotrialsineightareaswhichcutcollisionsbyaquarteranddeathsandseriousinjuriesby12ahalf.Butmotoringorganizationsfearcameraswillbesitedonrelativelysafe13faststretchestocatchasmanydriversaspossible.Someforcesarealsoexpectedto14the“threshold”speedsatwhichcamerasare15totheabsolutelegalminimum-15mphina10mph26mphina20mphzone.Thiscouldencouragedriverstostareattheirspeedometersinsteadofconcentratingontheand16tomoreaidents.SueofcampaignsattheRAC，said，“Wedon‘thaveaproblemwithspeedcameras17.Butwedohaveconcernsabout18theyaresited.Policerisklosingcredibility19motoristsifcamerasareseenasrevenue-raising20safetydevices.”1.[A]promotions[B]punishments[C]penalties[D]payments2.[A]isolating[B]separating[C]alienating[D]detaching3.[A]towards[B]against[C]before[D]over4.[A]so[B]once[C]as[D]where5.[A]subjected[B]engaged[C]intended[D]mitted6.[A]takingpart[B]keepingsilence[C]makingexception[D]payingrespect7.[A]financing[B]profiting[C]funding[D]ting8.[A]From[B]Under[C]On[D]With9.[A]hide[B]cover[C]conceal[D]veil10.[A]pledging[B]assuring[C]confirming[D]ensuring11.[A]essentially[B]strongly[C]wholeheartedly[D]purely12.[A]inall[B]fewerthan[C]atmost[D]upto13.[A]but[B]whereas[C]though[D]while14.[A]fit[B]put[C]set[D]fix15.[A]levered[B]geared[C]handled[D]triggered16.[A]lead[B]add[C]contribute[D]resort17.[A]anyless[B]byitself[C]afterall[D]assuch18.[A]who[B]when[C]where[D]which19.[A]in[B]with[C]against[D]for20.[A]inspiteof[B]farfrom[C]ratherthan[D]bymeansof答案1.C2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.D8.B9.B10.D11.D12.D13.A14.C15.B16.A17.D18.C19.B20.C总体分析本文讲述了英国车速监控摄像体系扩张方案的内容及影响，着重阐述了这一方案的支持者(警察和财政部门)和反对者(机动车管理机构)的观点。全文翻译一旦扩大车速监控摄像体系，这个国家财政部每年就能从罚款中额外增加2000万收入。机动车管理机构警告说这种罚款可能变成对汽车征收的人头税，从而疏远很多驾驶者。也可能出现更多破坏摄像机的事件。警告出现的同时，《每日邮报》的调查发现英格兰和威尔士的23支警力几乎都有所行动，不是致力于部署监控体系的扩张方案，就是在考虑参加其中。预计(在实施监控系统后)全国范围内违章超速行驶的罚单数量会增加两倍，罚金数目一年达9000万。按照方案，警察保存一局部罚金用以支付安装和维修新摄像机的费用，并且保证现有的摄像机中总是装有胶卷。其余的罚金将上缴财政部。财政部长们和警察都坚持认为该方案的目的是提高公路的平安性。他们指出八个试点地区撞车事故减少了四分之一，严重伤亡事故减少至一半。但是机动车管理机构担忧警察为了多开罚单会把摄像机装在相对平安但行车速度较快的直行道上，还会为车速监控摄像机设置最低合法车速标准，如把正常的每小时10英里限速提高到每小时15英里，每小时20英里限速提高到每小时26英里。这样做会使司机盯着自己的里程计而不把精力集中到路面上，从而引发更多的交通事故。英国皇家汽车俱乐部(RAC)活动负责人休。尼科尔森说，“严格上说，我们对车速监控摄像机并无意见，我们担忧的是它们被安放的地点。如果把监控摄像机视为(政府)聚敛财政收入的手段而不是平安设施，那么警察就可能丧失他们在驾驶者心目中的威信”Whentelevisionfirstbegantoexpand,veryfewofthepeoplewhohadbeefamousasradiomentatorswereequallyeffectiveontelevision.Someofthe1theyexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto2themselvestothenewmediumweretechnical.Whenworking3radio,forexample,theyhadbee4toseeingon5ofthelistener.This6ofseeingforothersmeansthatthe7hastobeverygoodattalking.8all,hehastobeableto9acontinuoussequenceofvisualimageswhich10meaningtothesoundswhichthelistenerhears.Inthe11oftelevision,however,thementatorsees12withtheviewer.Hisrole,therefore,is13different.Heistheretomake14thattheviewerdoesnot15somepointsofinterest,tohelphim16onparticularthings,andto17theimagesonthetelevisionscreen.18hisradiocolleague,hemustknowthe19ofsilenceandhowtouseitatthosemoments20thepicturesspeaksforthemselves.1.A.difficultiesB.suessesC.sufferingsD.incidents2.A.turnB.adaptC.alterD.modify3.A.onB.atC.withD.behind4.A.experiencedB.determinedC.establishedD.austomed5.A.aountB.sideC.pointD.behalf6.A.efficiencyB.technologyC.artD.performance7.A.mentatorB.TVviewerC.speakerD.author8.A.OfB.ForC.AboveD.In9.A.inspireB.createC.causeD.perceive10.A.addB.applyC.affectD.reflect11.A.oasionB.eventC.factD.case12.A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anything13.A.equallyB.pletelyC.initiallyD.hardly14.A.definiteB.possibleC.sureD.clear15.A.loseB.depriveC.relieveD.miss16.A.focusB.attendC.followD.insist17.A.exhibitB.demonstrateC.exposeD.interpret18.A.LikeB.UnlikeC.AsD.For19.A.purposeB.goalC.valueD.intention20.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.as参考答案及解析：1.【答案】A.difficulties【解析】此题测试词义搭配。本句译文：当他们试图适应这种新的媒体时他们遇到的困难是技术性的。2.【答案】B.adapt【解析】此题测试构造型词义搭配。adaptoneselftosth.使……适应于：Whenyougotoaforeigncountry,youshouldadaptyourselftonewmannersandcustoms.turnto求助于：Youcanturntohimforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.alter(局部的)改变，修改：Haveyoualteredyourmind?(你是否已改变主意?)modify(稍稍)修改，变更：Youhavetomodifytheplanifnecessary.此外，modify还可以作“修饰”解，如：Adverbsmodifyverbs.3.【答案】A.on【解析】此题测试惯用搭配。onradio用无线电，通过播送(强调行为手段)：Theconcertisbroadcastonradio.onradio在涵义上相当于byradio,例如，Wecanlistentomusicbroadcastbyradio.此外，还有ontheradio意为：“通过播送，无线电播送中”，例如：1)Ilistentothemusicontheradio.2)Therewasgoodmusicontheradiolastnight.at,with,behind与radio不能构成惯用搭配，而且从上下文意思上看也不符合题意。1.【答案】D.austomed【解析】此题测试词义搭配。be(或bee,get)austomedtosth.ortodoingwillsoongetaustomedtotheclimatehere.(你会很快习惯这里的气候的。)从上下文的逻辑意思和语法构造上看，experienced,determined,established均不切题。5.【答案】D.behalf【解析】此题测试惯用搭配。onbehalfof代表，为了。onaountof由于;onthesideof在….onthepointofdoingsth.刚要做某事。6.【答案】C.art【解析】此题测试词义搭配。art技能，本领：theartofseeingforothers意为：“这种替别人看实况的技能”。technology技术，performance演出，节目，执行，完成;efficiency效率，均不符合题意。7.【答案】A.mentator【解析】此题测试逻辑型词义搭配。本句译为：这种替别人看实况的技能意味着，电视讲解员必须有高超的谈话艺术。8.【答案】C.Above【解析】此题测试惯用搭配。aboveall(=mostimportant)最重要的。inall总共：Therearethirtystudentsinallintheclass.forall是复合介词，意为“尽管”。HavingpassedwhatIconsideredtheworstobstacle,ourspiritsrose.We1towardstheleftofthecliff,wherethegoingwasbetter,2rathersteeper.Herewefoundlittlesnow,3mostofitseemedtohavebeen4offthemountain.Therewasno5ofthemountaininthedistancebecausethecloudswereformingallaroundus.About1o’clockastorm6suddenly.Wehadtimetohave7itsapproachbutwewereconcentratingoncuttingsteps,and8wehadtimetodoanything,wewereblindedbysnow.Wecouldnotmoveupordownandhadtowait9,gettingcolderandcolder.10mymynoseandcheekswerefrostbittenandIdarednottakeahandoutofmyglovetowarmthem.Aftertwohoursofthis,Irealizedwewouldhavetodo11toavoidbeingfrozentodeathwherewestood.FromtimetotimethroughthemistIhad12theoutlineofadarkbuttress(扶壁)justaboveus,todescendinthewindwas13question;ouronlyhopewastoscrambleuptothisbuttress,anddigoutaplatformatthefootofitonwhichwecould14ourtent.Weclimbedtothisplaceandstartedto15theice.Atfirstmypanionseemedtoregardthe16ashopelessbutgraduallythewind17andhecheeredup.18wehadmadeaplatformbigenoughtoputupthetent,andwedidthisas19wecould.We20intooursleepingbagsandfellasleep,fellingthatwewereluckytobestillalive.1.A.setB.gotC.madeD.took2.AevenB.thoughC.soD.if3.A.whenB.whereC.asD.sothat4.A.fallenB.flownC.splitD.blown5.A.viewB.visionC.lookD.glimpse6.A.cameupB.cameoutC.cameoverD.cameon7.A.viewedB.noticedC.notifiedD.glanced8.A.afterB.beforeC.unlessD.until9.A.motionlesslyB.constantlyC.steadilyD.continually10.A.InspiteofB.InrelationtoC.IncaseofD.Intheeventof11.A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything12.A.laidoutB.madeoutC.drawnoutD.markedout13.A.withoutB.inC.beyondD.outofdate14.A.wrenchB.wedgeC.padD.pinch15.A.cutdownB.cutawayC.cutoutD.cutoff16.A.positionB.situationC.oupationD.orientation17.A.diedoutB.diedoffC.diedbackD.dieddown18.A.InsteadofB.FurthermoreC.IndeedD.Atlast19.A.wellB.goodC.bestD.better20.A.climbedB.crashedC.creptD.crawled参考答案及解析：1.【答案】C.made【解析】此题测试惯用搭配.maketowards(=makefor,goforwards,moveinthedirectionof…)朝….走去。2.【答案】B.though【解析】此题测试逻辑搭配.though表示让步意义，引导让步状语从句。因为从句主语和主句主语相同，从句谓语又包含be,所以从句中的主语和助动词可以省略。例如：1)Thegirl,thoughplain,hadagoodkindface.2)Iwentontalking,thoughcontinuallyinterruptedbyJohn.3.【答案】C.as【解析】此题测试逻辑搭配.从上下文意思看，本句中从句与主句的联系是因果关系，应选as,表示原因，其他词均不切题。4.【答案】D.blown【解析】此题测试词义搭配.fallen和flown均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。blowvt.吹，正合题意。本句译文：这里我们没有发现什么雪，因为大局部雪似乎已从山上刮走了。5.【答案】A.view【解析】此题测试词义搭配.此处view意为“看见的东西，风光”，例如：Yourhousehasafineviewofthehills.你的房子能看到这些小山的美丽风光。)本句译文：看不到远处的山，因为我们四周的云层正在形成。6.【答案】A.cameup【解析】此题测试词义型惯用搭配.eup(=happen)发生，形成：Asnowstormisingup.(一场暴风雪正在酝酿之中。)本句中有suddenly,故用cameup比cameon更妥。7.【答案】B.noticed【解析】此题测试词义搭配.notifyvt.(=informsb.ofsth.;reportsth.tosb.)通知，报告。glance(at)(=takeaquicklookat)看一眼(强调行为的过程)。因此，notify和glance均不符合题意。noticevt.(=beeawareof;意到;留心;看到(强调行为的结果);viewvt.(=lookatorwatchcarefully)仔细观察，注视(强调行为的过程)。可见，此句中应选，noticed.ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo.ltd，oneofthesixpanies，createdoutoftheprivatizednationalrailwaysystem.Inanindustrylackingexcitinggrowth1，itsplantousereal-estateassetsinandaroundtrainstations2isdrawinginterest.Inaplancalled“StationRenaissance”thatit3inEastsaidthatitwould4usingitsmercialspacesforshopsandrestaurants，extendingthemto5moresuitablefortheinformationage.Itwantstrainstationsaspick-up6forsuchgoodsasbooks，flowersandgroceries7overtheInter.Inacountrywherecity8dependheavilyonabout16millionpeopleadaygotoitstrainstationsanyway，thepany10.So，pickingupmoditiesattrainstations11consumersextratravelandmissedhomedeliveries.JREastalreadyhasbeenusingitsstation12storesforthispurpose，butitplanstocreate13spacesforthedeliveryofIntergoods.ThepanyalsoplanstointroduceknowninJapanasICcardsbecausetheyuseintegratedcircuitfor15information16trainticketsandmuterpasses17themagiconesusedthemintoa/an18pass.ThiswillsavethepanyICcardsaremuchlessexpensivethanmagicsystems.IncreaseduseofICcardsshouldalso20thespaceneededforticketvending.1.[A]perspectives[B]outlooks[C]prospects[D]spectacles2.[A]creatively[B]originally[C]authentically[D]initially3.[A]displayed[B]demonstrated[C]embarked[D]unveiled4.[A]gobeyond[B]setout[C]earound[D]spreadover5.[A]applications[B]enterprises[C]functions[D]performances6.[A]districts[B]vicinities[C]resorts[D]locations7.[A]acquired[B]purchased[C]presided[D]attained8.[A]lodgers[B]tenants[C]dwellers[D]boarders9.[A]for[B]in[C]of[D]as10.[A]figures[B]exhibits[C]convinces[D]speculates11.[A]deprives[B]retrieves[C]spares[D]exempts12.[A]conjunction[B]convenience[C]department[D]ornament13.[A]delegated[B]designated[C]devoted[D]dedicated14.[A]clever[B]smart[C]ingenious[D]intelligent15.[A]checking[B]gathering[C]holding[D]aommodating16.[A]as[B]for[C]with[D]of17.[A]butfor[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[D]morethan18.[A]unique[B]single[C]unitary[D]only19.[A]devices[B]instruments[C]readers[D]examiners20.[A]reduce[B]narrow[C]dwarf[D]shrink参考答案：1.C2.A3.D4.A5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.A11.C12.B13.D14.B15.C16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A总体分析本文介绍了东日本铁路公司引人关注的新方案。文章第一段介绍说东日本铁路公司创造性地利用车站内部及周围房地产的方案正引起越来越多人的关注。第二段详细介绍了这一方案的内容及好处，即适应信息时代的要求，把车站作为网上购物的物品收取地，这样既为消费者提供了方便，又提高了递送物品的平安性。第三段介绍了该公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各种磁卡作车票的方案及其优点。全文翻译通过国家铁路系统的私有化创立起来的六大公司之一的东日本铁路，正吸引着越来越多人的目光。在一个开展前景不振的行业，它创造性地利用车站内部及周围的房地产的方案正引起人们的关注。东日本铁路在11月份公布的“车站复兴”方案中说：它将不仅把它的商业空地用于开商店和餐馆，而且还要把这些商业空地用于更加适应信息时代的功能上去。它打算把车站作为网上所购物品如、花卉和日用百货等的收取地。该公司估算，在一个都市人严重依赖列车作为上下班交通工具的国度里，每天大约有1600万人因各种原因来到它的车站。因此，在车站收取物品使消费者节省了路途而且也不像往家里递送那样容易丧失。东日本铁路已经开始把车站的便利店用于这一目的，但它打算为网上货物的递送创立专门的空间。该公司还打算引入智能卡(在日本称为IC卡，因为它们利用集成电路储存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作为车票和定期券，把各种不同的票券合为一体。这将为公司节省资金，因为IC卡的读卡机比磁系统要廉价的多。IC卡使用的增加还将会减少售票所占用的空间。AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)countries，inparticular，howtopayforfuturepublicpensionliabilities.Andearlyretirementplacesan1burdenonpensionfinancing.Thereisnoeasybut2retirementcouldhelp.Earlyretirementmayseemlikeaworthyindividualitisasocially3one，andmakesthepresentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong.The4reasonisthatmorepeopleareretiringearlyandlivinglonger.Thatmeansmoreretireesdependingonthe5ofthoseinworkfortheirine.The6isworrying.Inthenext50years，lowfertilityratesand7lifeexpectancyinOECDcountrieswillcausethisold-agedependencyratetoroughlydouble8size.Publicpensionafford30-80%oftotalretirementinesinOECDrise，onaverage，byoverthreepercentagepointsinGDPandbyasmuchaseightpercentagepointsinsomecountries.10isthepressureonpensionfundsthatthereisadangeroftoday‘sworkersnotgettingthepensionstheyexpectedorfeltthey11for.Actionisaimingtoreducethe13(andcost)ofpublictryingto14theroleofprivatelyfundedpensionswithinthesystem，thoughnecessarybe15todealwiththedependencychallenge.Afteryearsof16earlyretirementschemestoavoid17andhighergovernmentsarenowlooking18persuadingpeopletostayinworkuntiltheyareolder.Surely，thethinkingwearehealthiernowandjobsarephysicallyless19andunemploymentisperhapsthe20rateshouldriseanew.1.[A]unsolvable[B]additional[C]unsustainable[D]undue2.[A]delaying[B]retaining[C]detaining[D]hindering3.[A]ultimate[B]unatta