有需要的同学可以-美赛mcm写作模版各部分

第一段：写解决什么问1：“Handmove”irrigation,acheapbutlabor-intensivesystemusedonsmallfarms,consistsofamovablepipewithsprinklerontopthatcanbeattachedtoastationarymain.2:……isareal-lifecommonphenomenonwithmany3：Aneffectiveplan)iscrucial1：Wefindtheoptimalnumberoftollboothsinahighwaytoll-plazaforagivennumberofhighwaylanes:thenumberoftollboothsthatminimizesaveragedelayexperiencedbycars.例2：Abrand-newuniversityneedstobalancethecostofinformationtechnologysecuritymeasureswiththepotentialcostofattacksonitssystems.例3：Wedeterminethenumberofsprinklerstousebyyzingtheenergyandmotionofwaterinthepipeandexaminingtheengineeringparametersofsprinklersavailableinthemarket.例4:Aftermathematically yzingthe……problem,ourmodelinggroupwouldliketopresentourconclusions,strategies,(and mendations)tothe…….5：Ourgoalis...thatminimizesthetimeWithoutimplementingdefensivemeasure,theuniversityisexposedtoanexpectedlossof$8.9millionperyear.Passes(QP),reservationslipsthatideallyallowanindividualtospendlesstimewaitinginline.1Weformulatetheproblemasanetworkflowinwhichverticesarethelocationsofescortswheelchair2:Anaïvestrategywouldbetoemploytheminimumnumberofescortstoguaranteethatallpassengersreachtheirgatesontime.3：Wedividethejumpintothreephases:flyingthroughtheair,punchingthroughthestack,andlandingontheground.第二、三段：具体分在什么模型中/1：Weformulateadifferentialmodeltoaccountfortheratesofchangeoftheseusesandhowthischangewouldaffecttheoverallconsumptionofwaterwithinthestudiedregion.例2:Weexaminedthemathematicaleffectsof.Wedevelopedadetailed……(simulationmethodology)totestourideasandtofythedifferencesbetween(among)different……(strategies).3：Basedon(writeyourbasis.suchasthetheoryofsupplyanddemand),weestablishamodel(suchasdifferentialequationsystemthatincludesdemand,supply).4：To(writetheaimsweestablishacriterion(writethe5：Webuildamodeltodeterminehowtolayoutthepipeeachtimetheequipmentis6：Wedetermine7：Webuildamodelto例8：Weformulateamodelfor………Byyzing…and1：UsinghistoricaldatafromtheUnitedStateswedetermineinitialconditionsforour2:Softwarepackingreaches………bycalculatingand1：togroundthismodelinrealityweincorporateextensivedemographicdataand例2：Wefitthemodifiedmodeltodata(suchas1970-2003.).Weconcludethat(writethelast1：Wephysicallycharacterizethesystem2：Weprovideastrategy(writethelogical3：The…modelisefficient,intuitive,andflexible)andcouldbeapplied例4：Tomeettheneedsofpeopletodaywithout,weestablishacriterionofrational(合理的标准)oil Weshowthatthisstrategyisnotoptimalbutcanbeimprovedbyassigningdifferent1：IfDeltaAirlinesweretoutilizethenaïvestrategyatAtlantaInternationalAirport,thecostwouldbe……2Wethemodelto(otherfield).3：OurresultsaresummarizedintheformulafortheoptimalnumberBoftollbooths例：Forvarioussituationsweproposeanoptimal1：weelicitthata例2：Weconcludewithaseriesof mendationsforhowbestto…例：Inadditiontothemodel,wealsodiscusspoliciesfor例:Todemonstratehowourmodelworks,weapplyitto最后一段：写总的结例：Oursuggestedsolution,whichiseasytoimplement,includesadetailedtimetableandthearrangementofpipes.例1：Ouralgorithmisbroadenoughto modatevariousairportconcourses,flightschedules,andflightdelays.例2：Our ysisbeganbydeterminingwhatfactorimpact……,Ourconclusionsare例：Sinceourmodelisbasedon……itcanbeappliedto(other其他（承上启下的连接词/常用词组例:Inadditiontothemodelwealsoreviewsummarizepresentoutlinedescribepurposeattemptaim等，另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状介绍的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有study,present,include,focus,emphasize,emphasis,attention等consider,yze,ysis等,show,resultpresentsummaryintroduceconclude等陈述的论点和作者的观点，常用词汇有suggest,repot,present,expect,describe说明论证，常用词汇有等support,provide,indicate,identify,find,demonstrate,confirm,clarify推荐和建议，常用词汇有suggest,suggestion, mendation,propose,necessity,necessary,expect等。中常用的词语汇criticalalgorithm methodofevaluatingappropriateconsiderconfigurationsoptimalizestrategyparameteraccuracystrengthsandweaknessescontact相关的contract建立，构造calculate计算establish建立formula公式modify改进rational合理的countermeasure对策criterionWemakethefollowingassumptionsabout……processinthis例1：Wedonottakeintoaccountinteractionsbetween例2：Theinfluenceofcanbe例3：…isidealincanbe1：Infact（inreality）factorseffecteachothers,butinordertosimplifythemodel,weignoretheinteractionsbetweenfactors.例2：Infactinrealityfactorseffecteachothers,butinordertosimplifythemodelweignoretheinteractionsbetweenfactors.近例1：……canbeapproximatedasalinerfunctionof2…areassumedtobethesame.Inpracticethereisaslight例3：……canbeapproximatedasalinerfunctionof细致考虑（可附原因1：Anairportconsistsof1to10concourseseachofwithconsistsof2to50gatesGatesinthesameconcoursearegenerallylocatedclosetooneanother,whilethetraveltimebetweenconcoursescanbequitelengthy.Hence,weassumethatinter-concoursetravelismuchlengthierthanintra-concoursetravel.2：Aaveragefastwalkingspeedis250ft/min(3mph),butaveragespeedwhenarmsareimmobilized(aswhenpushingawheelchair)isonly180ft/min(2mph)[GrossandShi2001].Weassumethatanescortwalksatthesespeeds.例3：Anescortcanoperateonlyonewheelchairatatime.U.S.Dept.oftransportationguidelinesdiscouragesleavingWPsunattended.HencetheescorttakesaWPtotheconnectingflightandremainsuntiltheflight直接定义(假设例1：Tomeasurethe……,we例2：Yearlyindustrystatisticscanbeused例3：Sthmayberepresented例4：….areindependentandrandomlyAdditionalassumptionsaremadetosimplifyysisforindividualsections.Theseassumptionswillbediscussedattheappropriatelocations.由假设得到公WeassumelaminarflowanduseBernoulli’sequation:（由假设得到的公式Accordingtotheassumptions,ateveryjunctionwehave（由于假设由原因得到公Becauseourfieldisflatwehave公式sotheheightofoursourcerelativetooursprinklersdoesnotaffecttheexitspeedv2（由原因得到的公式；Sincethefluid pressible(由于液体是不可压缩的we用原来的公式推出公Pluggingv1intotheequationforv2weobtain（12中得到Puttingthesetogether(把公式放在一起becauseofthelawofconservationofenergyThereforefrom2),(3),(5wehavetheithjunction（由前几个公式得Putting(1)-(5)together,wecanobtainpupateveryjunction.infact,atthelastjunction,wePuttingtheseinto1weget（1中WhichmeansthattheCommonly,hisFromtheseequations,（从这个公式中我们知道）weknowthat引出约束条UsingpressureanddischargedatafromRainBird结果Wefindtheattenuationfactor（得到衰减因子，常数，系数）to计算结Tofindthenewpressureweusethe00),whichstatesthatthevolumeofwaterflowinginequalsthevolumeofwaterflowingout:（为了找到新值，我们用什么方程）()is;;SolvingforVNweobtain公式的解WherenistheWehavethefollowingdifferentialequationsforspeedsinthex-andy-Whosesolutionsare（解Weusethefollowinginitialconditions(使用初值todeterminethedrag根据原有公Weapplythelawofconservationofenergy（根据能量守恒定律）TheworkdonebytheforcesThedecreaseinpotentialenergyis（势能的减少Theincreaseinkineticenergyis动能的增加Drugactsdirectlyagainstvelocity,sotheaccelerationvectorfromdragcanbefoundNewton’slawF=maas:(第二定律)WhereaistheaccelerationvectorandmisUsingtheNewton’sSecondLaw,wehavethatF/m=aSoSettingthetwoexpressionsfort1/t2equalandcross-multiplyingWeapproximatethebinomialdistributionofcontenderswithanormalWherexisthecumulativedistributionfunctionofthestandardnormaldistribution.ClearingdenominatorsandsolvingtheresultingquadraticinBgivesAsanyticapproximationto.fork=1,wegetB=c26．Integrating,（使结合）wegetPVT=constantwhereThemaincompositionoftheairisnitrogenandoxygen,soi=5andr=1.4,AccordingtoFirstLawofThermodynamics,weWhere ).wealsothenWherePisthepressureofthegasandVisthevolume.WeputthemintotheIdealGasInternal对公式变DefineA=nlwtobethe )（定义）rearranging1)produces（将公式变形得到 izeEforeachlayersubjecttotheconstraint2Thecalculationsareeasierifweminimize1/E.（为了得到最大值，求他倒数的最小值）Neglectingconstantfactors（忽略常数）,weminimize使服从约束条Subjecttotheconstraint（使服从约束条件WhereBisconstantdefinedin2Howeveraslongasweareobeyingthisconstraintwecanwrite（根据约Andthusfdependsonlyonhthefunctionfisminimizedat（求最小值Atthisvalueofh,theconstraintreduces结果说Thisimplies（暗示）thattheharmonicmeanoflandwshouldSo,intheoptimalsituation.Thisvalueshowsverylittlelossduetofriction.（结果说明）TheescapespeedwithfrictionWeuseasimilarprocesstofindthepositionofthedroplet,resultingWitht=0.0001s,errorfromtheapproximationisvirtuallyWecalculateditstrajectory(轨道Forthatcase,usingthesameexpansionforeasSolvingfortandequatingittotheearlierexpressionfort,weRecallingthatinthisequalityonlynisafunctionoff,wesubstitutefornandsolveforf.theresultAsv=…,this essingular单数的由语句得到公TherevenuegeneratedbytheflightThenweWedifferentiatetheideal-gasstateWeeliminatedTfromthelasttwoequationstoget（排除因素得到Wefistexaminethepaththatthemotorcyclefollows.Takingtheairintoaccount,wegettwodifferentialequationsWherePistherelativepressureWemustfirstfindthespeedv1ofwateratoursource:（找初值图Firstwestudythe文献)，showingundertheThecompressionprocessisdividedintothree(数字phasesasshownintheThefirstphase:……deformation,accordingto……;thesecondphase:……pressiongrowsmoreslowlyandreachestheum.Thethirdphase:……deformation:Aftercompressionreachestheum,therateofdeformationstartstofall.Theunrecoverabledeformationgoesonincreasing.(2003—65)Amodelofflowrateforinstanttotalfailureisrighttriangular【U.SArmyCorpsofEngineers1997】.(seeFigure1)(2005—53\54)WevalidateourmodelbyexamininghistoricalHIVratesfromprenatalclinicsinSouthAfricabetween1995and2005(Figure1).(2006—244)Figure1showsthenumberofbagsstillleftfortheEDStoprocessatairportAaftereachminuteinairportB,theresultsaresimilar.(2003—260)Todemonstratebetterthechangeinflowratewithtimewhenthebreachbeginstform,weplotoverashorterrangeoftimeinFigure5.(2005—55)

W1forvaluesofBfrom6to13,instepsof0.25,togetherwiththebest-fitquartic,inFigureFitting式子tothedatain表wegetthecurveinFigure1,forthefunction公式2005—211)WeusethegraphinFigure1tosimulatethearrivalofpassengers.(2003—201)ThesimulationmodelalsogeneratessystemcharacteristicsfortheETDmachinesatairportA.TheseresultsareshowninFigure3.(2003—232)Wetake2001asthestartingpoint,whentotalremainingoilwas1.1178bbl.Wecalculatethetimetooilexhaustionunderdifferentcases:GDPgrowingat10%,5%,3%,and1%.(Figure3)For10%,......;for5%,……;for3%,……;for1%,…….(2005—213\233) Tosolvethedifferentialequationsinourmodel,weuse(theODE45numericalintegrator)in (式子)tofindtheresultsinFigure3.(2005—232)Generallyspeaking,theshapeofthetargetisnottooirregular,sowechoosefivetypicalshapesofthetargetsindifferentsizes.InFigure3a,weillustratethe umsectionofatypicalbean-shapedtarget,whoseumdimensionis35mm.Usingtheskeletongenerationalgorithm,wegetcorrespondingskeletonshowninFigure3b.ThenweapplytheGA-basedshotplacementalgorithm,resultinginthreeshotsforthetarget:one14mmhelmetandtwo8mmhelmets.Thelocationsandsizesofthehelmetsin2DareindicatedinFigure3c,while3DshotplacementsareshowninFigure4.(2003—130)TheirrigationorderandpositionofsprinklersarepresentedinFigure4.(2006—ThisalgorithmcanbeviewedintheflowchartinFigure3.Wedefinesomeoftheobjectsfoundinthechart.表1 InTable1,wesummarizetheminimumnumberofescortsneededtoreacheachserviceForeachairport,thedifferencebetweentheGoodandAdequateservicelevelsisroughlyafactoroftwo,withslightlyincreasingreturnstoscale;withlargerscales,thestaffarespreadmoreuniformly,soitislesslikelythatajobwillcropupwithnobodycloseenoughtotakeit.（前面的说出数据的来源，然后筛选出比较代表性的数据进行说明）Wedeterminedabsoluteandrelativecriticalityvaluesforeachcountryforwhichallthedatausedincomputingparameterswasavailable(108countries).Wethenusedrelativecriticalityinselectingourmostcriticalcountries,bycontinent.Hadweusedabsolutecriticalityitwouldhavegivenprecedencetolargenations,despiterelativelymildHIV/AIDSsituations.例Thetablebelowisthegeneratedirrigationschedulefortherepositioningofthesprinklers,given12-hourworkdayforarancher.Eachpipeissetinplacefor5hours.例Andsomedataprocessingwecangettherelevantstatisticaldatainformationofpatientanddonorcharacteristicsforthesimulation.例ThegraftsurvivalratesshowinthefollowingUNOSdataforkidneytransplantsintheU.S(basedonOPTNdataasof2006):Table9showslinearfitparametersforallthreemodels.Notethatallthreemodelsarewelldescribedbyalinearequation.例Usingthecellularautomatamodel,wecomputewaitingtimeasafunctionofboththenumberoflanesandthenumberoftollbooths.ForafixedL,wecompareallvaluesofCtotalandchoosethelowestone.TheresultsofthismethodarepresentedinTable6.例Accordingtotheabovedata,wecanseethatmanyoftheEuropeancountrieshavethehighratesofthedonor,particularlyinSpain.ThisphenomenonshowsthattheorgantransplantisalsohotinEurope.AlthoughtherelevantpoliciesandstatutesinthesecountriesarelesscomprehensivethanthatinU.S,therestillalotwhatU.Scouldlearnfrom.Here,wemainly yzetheorgantransplantpoliciesinSpain,U.KandKoreathisthreecountries.……Thepopulationcontainedineachregionissummarizedintable1.（在表后对数据的内容例AsindicatedinTable6,thereisfairlygoodagreementbetweenthe mendednumberofboothsforatypicaldayandforpeakhours.However,wenotethattheoptimalboothnumberforatypicaldayneverexceedsthatforrushhour.Rushhourseemstorequireslightlymoreboothsthanatypicaldayinorderfortheplazatooperatemostefficiently.EachvalueinTable6isrepresentativeofapproximay20trials.Throughthesetrials,wenotedremarkablestabilityinourmodel.Despitethestochasticnatureofouralgorithm,eachnumberoflaneswasalmostalwaysoptimizedtothesamenumberoftollbooths.Therewereahandfulofexceptions;theyoccurredexclusivelyforsmallnumbersofhighwaylanes(<3lanes).IntegervaluesarepresentedinTable6onlybecausefractionaltollboothshavenophysicalmeaning.3例WecanobtainthedatawhichisinvolvedwiththestatusoftheAmericanTransplantfromthedatabanks.WehavecollectedthedemandofthevariousorgansinUnitedStatestodate,theannualdonors，transplantsandthedemand(Heretakingthekidneyforexample,byyears1995-2006)Fromtheabovetable1,wecanseethatthekidneyaccountsfor73%intotaloftheorgantransplants.Itaccountsforaverylargeproportionasamostimportantorganwhichcanbetransplanted.Therefore,weonlyneedtodiscussthestatusofthekidneytransplanthere,beingabletoachievethe ysisandresearchontheorgantransplant.Accordingtotheabovedata,wecangetthefiguresas例Soaftermanytimessimulationundertheconditionsdiscussedabove,weobtainstatisticresultsasfollow: yzingtheaboveresult,wecanfind:Whentherearemoredonorsresources),thenumberoftransplantwillincreaseobviously,andthematchingratechangesonlyalittle;Whenthenetworkisdividedinto11regions(smallnetworks),thecostsofthetransportandpreservationoftheorganwillbereducedgreatly.例Table7reportsthegeneralpatientstatisticsundereachregimeinthecolumns.Thefirstcolumninthesetablesreportsthetotallivedonortransplantsaspercentageofthepopulationsize,whichisthesumofnexttwocolumns,transplantsfromowncompatibledonorandtransplantsfromtrades.Theforthcolumnisthepercentageofpatientsupgradedtothetopofthewaitlistasheadsofw-chains.Thefifthandsixthcolumnsreportthequalityofmatchesinthelivedonortransplants:theriskofgraftfailurerelativetotheriskunderno-exchangemechanismwithpopulationsizen=400isreportedinthefifthcolumnandthenumberofHLAmismatchesforanaveragetransplantisreportedinthesixthcolumn.Inthetable8,wechangetheninto200.Bycomparison,wecanfoundthatthematchingproportion elittleandthematchingqualitywillgetworseasthetotalnumberofthepatientsdecrease.Theresultisconsistentwiththereality.The30%probabilityofthewaitinglistorlowqualityexchangeisanadjustable例Also,wewishtoexplorethesituationinwhichthereisonelaneper例Theparameterswechoosetomodifyarep(probabilityofadvancement),‘delay’(numberoftimestepsrequiredtoserveavehicleinatollbooth),andq(theprobabilitythataflaggedvehicleoptstoattemptaturn).TheresultsofthisysisarepresentedinTable7.Sincewehaveusedsixlanesasourstandardtestcase,wecontinuewiththischoicehere.AsindicatedinTable7,ourcellularautomatamodelisrelativelyinsensitivetobothpandq.Changes±11%and±5.2%inpandq,respectively,hadnoeffectontheoptimalnumberoftollboothsforasixlanehighway.Ontheotherhand,increasingthedelaytimeby25%shiftedtheoptimalnumberofboothsfrom10to11(10%).Decreasingthedelayby25%hadnoeffectonthesolution.Perhapsadditionalworkcouldleadtoanelucidationoftherelationbetweendelayandoptimalboothnumberthatcouldhelpstabilizethecellularautomatamodel.EvaluationsofsolutionsOurmainmodel'sstrengthisitsenormousedibility.For Includingalltheseintoasingle,robustframework,ourmodelWedevelopedatheoreticallineformationmodelwhichagreeswithoutroughdata.Ourcomputermodelagreeswithbothdespiteworkingondifferentprinciples,implyingitbehavesaswewant.ThisallowsustomakesubstantiveconclusionsFinally,ourmodelisstrongbecauseTheMonteCarlosimulationhasbeenperfectlyusedinourmodels,andthesimulationresultsareconsistentwiththereality.Weintroduced……inordertoimprovetheexchangequality.Thechainrulescanalsomodifiedinadegree.Themodelsusedinourpaperispromotional,inviewofdifferentwecanmodifyourmodelsthemodelisindependentofthesite )modelisthealgorithmisefficientacorrespondingstrengthofourmodelisthatitwouldberelativelyeasytoincludeaparameterforprobabilityof……Ourmodelisparticularlyappropriateforsimulationof……,aproblemthatnaturallylendsitselftosuchdiscretemodeling.ThefundamentalstrengthsofourmodelThemodelisindependentProcessor-basedmodelhasfewinputparameters,leadingtogoodrobustnessandUsesavarietyofmodelingtechniquesinanintegrated,holisticOurmodeleffectivelyachievedallofthegoalswesetinitially.Itwasfastandcouldhandlelargetiesofdata,butalsohadtheflexibilitywedesired.Thoughwedidnottestallpossibilities,weshowedthatourmodeloptimizesstatedistrictsforanyofanumberofvariables.Ifwehadchosentoinput e,poverty,crimeoreducationdataintoourinterestfunction,wecouldhaveproducedhigh-qualityresultswithvirtuallynoaddeddifficulty.Aswell,ourmethodwasrobust.Ourmainmodel'sstrengthisitsenormousflexibility.ForThisallowsustomakesubstantiveconclusionsaboutpolicyissues,evenwithoutextensivedatasets.Byvaryingparameters,allocationrules,andourprogram'sobjectivefunction——allquitefeasiblewithinthestructure——wecanexaminethegutsofpolicymaking:theethicalprinciplesunderlyingapolicy,theimplementationrulesdesignedtofulfillthem,andthesometimesnebulousnumbersthat erntheresults.Finally,ourmodelisstrongbecauseofitsdiscreteThefundamentalstrengthsofourmodelareitsrobustnessandflexibility.Allofthedataisfullyparameterized,sothemodelcanbeappliedto……Somespecialdatacan’tbefound,anditmakesthatwehavetodosomeproperassumptionbeforethesolutionofourmodels.Amoreabundantdataresourcecanguaranteeabetterresultinourmodels.Currentlinelengthisnottakenintoaccountbythelineformationmodel.Inreallife……Weaknessesofthemodelincludedassumptionsmadeforsimplicitythatlikelydonothold.Forinstance,inmostrunsofourmodelon(sides……),cases(impact/conclusion)to……Thisfeatureislikelyaresultofourassumptionthat/Theprimaryweakness ofthismodelisthe( Itshouldbepossibletoeliminatethis, anotherweaknessthat cor