华向红阅读复习课课件上课

事实细节词义猜测推理判断主旨概括901012010年高考英语浙江卷阅读理解考点分析事实细节词义猜测推理判断主旨概括65722011年高考英语浙江卷阅读理解考点分析Readingcomprehension1、细节理解题(questionsofdetails)2、主旨归纳题(mainidea)3、词义猜测题(wordsincontext)4、推理判断题(questionsofinference)词义猜测题常见问题形式有(1)Theword“…”inLine…means/canbebestreplacedby…(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests…(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“…”is/refersto…(4)Theword“…”isclosestinmeaningto…1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识

6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文

1.Definition定义法：

一般通过定义、定语从句或同位语从句来确定词义。信号词：be,becalled,means,thatistosay,bedefinedas,who,which和that引导的从句.Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.蚊子木匠2.Contrast对比法：

利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。信号词：but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof,onthecontrary,incontrastto..

Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly

A(v.不同意)Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task,thatis,thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的;极大的)3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。信号词:and,or,like,as…as,thesameas,

thatis(tosay).4.CauseandEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,thanksto,owingto.◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.

◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong精明的修剪5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,

forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.电器用具)6.WordFormation构词法：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)7.Context

上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。

BritonAlexNewman,alecturerininternationalbusinessatNottinghamUniversityBusinessSchoolinNingbo,Zhejiang,saidinthearticlethatthereisasayingintheWestthat"thefirstgenerationbuildsthebusiness,thesecondmakesitasuccessandthethirdwrecksit."

Theunderlinedword“wrecks”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans

A.rebuildsB.restoresC.destroysD.neglects8.Commonsense

普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.麻醉剂(药)根据近年来高考阅读理解猜词趋势1．猜测熟词新含义例1:Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhitecollaremployees(白领雇员)，whocanaffordthenewservice.

例2:“Itwasthebestnightwehadeverhad”,saidAngelaCarraro,whorunsanItalianrestaurant.猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外，还要求同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法，并将这些词进行简要归纳整理。

2．猜测词性变换新词含义

Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago，howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?

利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。猜词能力3.绝对词否决法:答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。4.怀疑词判断法：选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多数),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。猜答案能力5.锅盖法：较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。

A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB.tosolvetechnicalproblemsC.tobemorespecializedinhisfieldD.todevelophisprofessionalskillB“解决技术问题”；C“深化专业”；D“发展职业技能”。这三项表达的意思都比较具体，而A项则概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三项内容。选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的（字面意思）一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。猜答案能力questionsofinference推理判断题1.Wecaninfer(推断)fromthepassagethat___.2.Thestorysuggests(暗示)that_______.3.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat____.4.Whichofthefollowingmight/probablyhappenedlater?5.Fromthepassagewecantell/learn______.6.Thewrimanyarereluctanttotakeover,preferringtostarttheirowncompaniesterofthepassageconsidersit_______.7.Whichofthefollowingindicates/implies____?1:推断短语或句子的意思(意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬,

)提问方式有：However,therearealsoplentyofsuccessstories,saidNewman.“Manyofthemareverystudious,workinghardfortheirfamilybusiness.”Healsosaidthat“manyarereluctanttotakeover,preferringtostarttheirowncompanies.”“Thenewgenerationhastoinnovate,todevelopnewindustries,especiallyservicesectors.”

（必修１限时训练必修１unit4).Fromthesentencewecantell/learn______.A.Allthewealthysecondgenerationarenoteagertotakeovertheirparents‘sbusiness.B.Notthewealthysecondgenerationareeagertotakeovertheirparents‘sbusiness.C.Noneofthewealthysecondgenerationareeagertotakeovertheirparents‘sbusiness.D.Allthewealthysecondgenerationareeagertotakeovertheirparents‘sbusiness.all..notnot…allnoneof英语中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：

一、all的否定式：notall…（或：all…not）表示并非都……、不是所有的都……

二、both的否定式：not…both(或：both…not)并非两个……都……

三、every…的否定式：

every…not(not..every)不是每……都……2:推断文中人物观点、情感、态度、

提问方式有：

1)Theauthorseemstothinkthat______.

2)Thewriteristryingtopresentapointofviewin______.

3)Theauthorwantstoappealto_______.

4)Theauthor’sstyleis______.

5)Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.

6)Whatistheauthor’sopinionof______?7)Thewriterbelievethat________?8)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?9）Intheauthor'sopinion_________?

TheboomingindustryofferingcoursestogroomheirsofChina‘ssuper-richshowsthattheserags-to-richesparentsareworriedtheirspoiledchildrenwon’tbeabletotakeoverbecausetheseso-calledwealthysecondgenerationlackstheabilitytoendurehardshipandputthingsintopractice,saidanarticleinUSATodayonJuly15.（限时训练必修１unit4)A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferent D.pessimisticGenerallyspeaking,people’sattitudetowards“wealthysecondgeneration’’are

一赞同１．positiveadj.肯定的２．favorableadj.赞成的,有利３．approvaln.赞成,承认4．supportive

adj.支持的二否定１．negativeadj.否定的,消极的２．disapproval不赞成３critical批评的三．objectiveadj.客观的

四．subjectiveadj.主观的

五．optimisticadj.乐观的六．pessimistic悲观的

七．怀疑１．suspiciousadj.怀疑的２．doubtfuladj.疑心的３．puzzlingadj.迷惑的八．中立/折中

１．neutraladj.中立的２．impartialadj.不偏不倚的３.compromisingn.妥协,折衷４.moderateadj.中等的3．数据事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节。例题：HousepricesinEnglandwentupquickly.ThefollowingpricesshowhowmuchahouseinChesea–Londonhadriseninpricesince1955.TakeNO.29SmithTerranceforexample.In1955,JaneGreysolditfor$2000.MrsBownaBlackitnestfor$4900andsolditfouryearslatertoBillandGreenWhitefor$22950.Nowsevenyearslater,in1972,thepriceofthehouseis$30000.Thepriceofthehousewas______ashighin1972asintheyearJaneGreysoldit.A.abouttentimesB.twiceC.150percentD.fifteentimes

4．逻辑结论：这类推断比前两种困难得多。在阅读过程中，读者必须对文章的全部事实或细节作通盘考虑，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。结论是根据事实作出的惟一决定。要想从一个句子，一个段落或一篇文章中得出正确的结论，读者必须学会善于思考，不断提高自己的逻辑思维能力。例Haveyoueverheardofasportcalledtubing?Hundredsofpeoplefloatdownarushingriveratonceinoldtruck-tiretubes.Sometimesmanyholdhands.Atfirsttherideisbumpyandfrightful,forthenarrowriverrushesswiftly.Thentheriverwidensandgrowscalm.Nevertrytubingaloneorinrapids,however.Thestorysuggeststhattubing________.A.shouldnotbedoneinmovingwaterB.isdonemainlybytruckdriversC.costsalotofmoneyD.canbedangerous推断题1.解推断题应注意：

(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。2.解推断题的方法：

解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。

Inquiry-basedActivities

探究活动

Passage1.Shesmiled.Itwasanicesmile—warmandreassuring—andIretunedhergiftbysmilingback.(2009浙江卷，A篇)

42.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hergift”(Paragraph2)referto?A.Herwords.B.Hersmile.C.Herflowers.D.Herpoliteness.Passage2.Evenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies.“Perhapsit’slikethisinthekingdomofheaven,”Ithoughtconfusedly.（２０１１浙江省高考卷D篇）

57.By“wewereallbesideourselves’’writer

meansthattheyall________.feltconfusedB.wentwildwithjoyC.lookedonD.forgottheirfightsPassage3

TensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheAntarcticicesheetandblockedtheirparents’roadtothefeedingareas.AdelineandemperorpenguinsnestingontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreedingseason.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?A.eatB.getC.sellD.buyBPassage4

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage5

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage6

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage7

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize”means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopBPassage8

Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.

Theunderlinedword“astounded”means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedDTIPSPutyourselfinthewriter’sshoes!Homework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的猜测词义练习。

Thankyou3．数据事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节。例题：HousepricesinEnglandwentupquickly.ThefollowingpricesshowhowmuchahouseinChesea–Londonhadriseninpricesince1955.TakeNO.29SmithTerranceforexample.In1955,JaneGreysolditfor$2000.MrsBownaBlackitnestfor$4900andsolditfouryearslatertoBillandGreenWhitefor$22950.Nowsevenyearslater,in1972,thepriceofthehouseis$30000英国的房价上涨得很快.以下的价格展示了在伦敦的Chesea一所房子的价格，自1955年以来是如何上涨的.就拿住在29号的特伦斯·史密斯来说吧，在1955年，简·格雷以2000美元的价格出售它，布朗一家买这座房子时花了4900美元，而四年后卖给比尔和格林一家时涨到了22950美元。现在，7年后，在1972年，房子的价格涨到了30000美元答案D。如果只看完第六段就做此题的话，很容易误选D，因为此段中大人小孩玩得很疯，很多学生很容易先入为主，想当然地表达“父母应该多陪孩子”的思想。但是我们看第七段，“Thestrangethingwas,wedidn’tmentionthatdayafterwardIfeltalittleembarrassed.SurelynoneoftheoftheothershadbeenasexcitedasI.”作者认为，只有他一个人还记得当初那个放风筝的美好时刻，而其他人都忘记了，所以选D。59.答案B。原本这位母亲用各种借口来推脱孩子想去外面玩的要求，但是当母亲的母亲回忆起当日那个放风筝的日子时，往日美好的场景开始充斥这位母亲的思绪，所以她欣然答应外出。60.答案A。第七段作者觉得只有自己还封存着那个美好的饿回忆，自己是孤单的，但是这个从战场回来的男孩，却也是靠着那个美好的回忆在战俘营中生存了下来，所以A，作者不是一个人在珍惜那段记忆。Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarTomsawan

owllastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarTomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarAABCAB(n.

猫头鹰)3）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairyapeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)Evenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies.“Perhapsit’slikethisinthekingdomofheaven,”Ithoughtconfusedly.

Thestrangethingwas,wedidn’tmentionthatdayafterward.Ifeltalittleembarrassed.SurelynoneoftheothershadbeenasexcitedasI.Ilockedthememoryupinthatdeepestpartofmewherewekeep“thethingsthatcannotbeandyettheyare.”（２０１１浙江省高考卷D篇）58.Whatdidhethinkafterthekite-flying?A.Theboysmusthavehadmorefunthanthegirls.B.Theyshouldhavefinishedtheirworkbeforeplaying.C.Herparentsshouldspendmoretimewiththem.D.AlltheothersmusthaveforgottenthatdayEvenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyandtheirdignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies.“Perhapsit’slikethisinthekingdomofheaven,”Ithoughtcon