电极过程动力学陈胜利1课件

“电极过程动力学”授课教师：

Tel:68754693

Email:

Office:化学楼1－35授课教材查全性等著：《电极过程动力学导论》

（第三版，科学出版社，2002年）推荐参考书WrittenbyAllenJ.BardandLarryF.Faulkner,

《ElectrochemicalMethods:

FundamentalsandApplications》

（SecondEdition,Wiley,2001）

邵元华等译,

《电化学方法：原理及应用》

（第二版，化学工业出版社,2005年）Electrochemistry?Thelaws(principles)andthetechnologiesconcerningtheconversionbetweenchemicalenergyandelectricalenergyInterrelationbetweenchemicalphenomena(chemicalreactions,chemicalchanges,etc.)andelectricphenomena(charge,current,potential,electricfield,etc.)Withahistoryofmorethan

twocenturies,electrochemistryhasbeenatypicalexampleofatrulyinterdisciplinary(各学科间的)areaofscienceandtechnology.Itsrootshavebeeninchemistry,physics,materialsandbiologicalscienceanditsapplicationsspreadingfromelectrochemicalanalysisandsynthesistoenvironmentalprotectionandenergyconversionandstorage.Everydaylifeitemssuchasbatteries,theglucose（葡萄糖）sensoranddomesticormedicalgassensorsarenowacommodity,whiletheprospectofmassproductionof"green"electricvehicles(Electricvehicles)isnomoreachallengebutaviableoption.Onanindustrialscale,apartfromthenowmaturechlor-alkaliandmetalfinishingandextractionindustries,thereissignificantactivityintheareasofenergyconversionandstoragebymeansoffuelcellsandsolarcellsaswellasintheuseofelectrochemicalmethodsforeffluenttreatment.“Electrochemistryprovidesmanyopportunitiesforsustainabledevelopment.”ElectrochemicalCellsandReactions

PtPtPtPtH2SO4SolutionH2O2H2O2H+H+H2OH+H2OH+e－e－e－e－Cathode:1/2O2+2H++2e-=H2OAnode:H2=2H++2e-Overallcellreaction:H2+1/2O2=H2OPositiveelectrode:H2O=1/2O2+2H++2e-Negativeelectrode:2H++2e-=H2Overallcellreaction:H2O

=H2+1/2O2

GalvanicCell（原电池）VoltaicCellH+H+Electrodereactionatelectrode/solutioninterfacesChargetransferplaneFeimilevelLUMOHOMOChargetransferplaneFeimilevelPotentialshiftsnegativelyeOz+eRz-1Fe3++e

Fe2+ForExample:PossibleprocessesinvolvedinanelectrodereactionO'adO'R'adR'O*R*neObRb

Masstransfer

MasstransferPrecedingChemicalreactionsFollowingChemicalreactions

ElectrodeChargetransferAdsorptionDesorptionWhatwillwedealwithinthiscourse?ThekineticsoftheelectrodereactionsofvarioustypeandthefactorsthataffectthesekineticsCurrent—PotentialdependenceStandardHydrogenElectrode(SHE)

Pt

CH+=1mol.l-1

H2H2Saturatedcalomelelectrode(SCE)

MetalwireKClsolutionHg2Cl2

HgPtwireStrategiestostudytheelectrodeprocessesPotential-controlledtechniquesCurrent-controlledtechniquesPotentiostatic（恒电势）methodsPotentiodynamicmethodsThecapacitor（电容器）-likenatureoftheelectricdoublelayerRegardlessofthenatureofanelectrodeprocess,thedoublelayeritselfwouldresponsetotheelectrochemicalperturbationsasaseriesofcapacitorsThecapacitancevaluesofthedoublelayerarepotential-dependentMostoftheelectrochemicalmeasurementsaremoreorlessaffectedbythechargingprocessofthedoublelayerCcompactCdiffuseiRsolutionThedoublelayer