模块五非谓语动词

模块五非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的定义和形式：什么是非谓语动词？非谓语动词有哪些形式：以do为例

时态三种形式一般式进行式完成式不定式主动todotobedoingtohavedone被动tobedonetohavebeendoneV-ing(动名词、现在分词）主动doinghavingdone被动beingdonehavingbeendone过去分词主动done被动非谓形式123，过去分词最简单；现在分词动名词，两种形式记心间；不定式形式有三种，完成、进行和一般。口诀：二、熟练掌握非谓语动词的功能：主语宾语表语定语状语补语独立成分不定式动名词分词现在过去掌握三种谓语动词形式的六大区别试一试：写出clean和write的各种非谓语动词形式：考点：考点一“非谓”做主语：不定式与动名词做主语时的区别Eg.1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Toseeistobelieve.

动名词表示一般平常的行为，是经常性的动作。动词不定式表示将来的具体某一次的动作3.Sendingane-mailisquitecommontoday.4.Tosendane-mailtoyouismytasktoday.6.Itismytasktosendane-mailtoyoutoday.习惯搭配：Itisnogood(use,need)doing...Itisworthwhile(useless)doing...Thereisnodoing...不可能做...Itisawasteoftimedoing...5.这一次很难拒绝他。Torefusehimisnoteasythistime.(不能用动名词做主语)（不能用不定式）Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Thereisnodenyingthefactthat...毋庸置疑考点二非谓语动词作表语:Mydutyistocleantheclassroomthisafternoon.I’macleaner,myjobiscleaningtheteachingbuilding.2.现在分词与过去分词作表语：Theworkwastiring.Theworkersweresoontired.起这种作用，主动受这种影响，被动3.动名词与现在分词作表语：Myjobisteaching.Myjobisinteresting.动名词作表语，相当于名词，主语和表语位置可以互换现在分词相当于形容词，表语不可与主语调换位置三种非谓语动词形式都可以作表语：1.动词不定式与动名词作表语：一、有些动词要接不定式作宾语，是习惯用法:decide,wait,want,hope/wish/expect,refuse,...口诀：决心等待想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮帮忙；负担得起需奋斗，威胁碰巧也渴望。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Thegirlstruggledtogetawayfromherattacker.考点三、非谓语动词作宾语动名词和不定式都可作宾语二、有些动词要接动名词作宾语，也是习惯用法:consider,suggest,lookforwardto,excuse...口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟再设想；避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏；禁止感激又冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。Hegotwell-preparedfortheinterview,forhecouldn’trisklosingthegoodopportunity.Haveyoueverconsideredrunningacompany?有些动词短语后面也要跟动名词作宾语：leadto,beusedto,devoteto,gobackto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,lookforwardto,giveup,insiston，appologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty(in),haveagoodtime(in)，spendtime(in)，feellikeIlookforwardtogoingabroadforfurtherstudy.三、有些动词既可跟动名词，又可跟不定式作宾语，有几种情况：意义相近：begin,start,learn,cease2.意义有些区别:like,love,care,hate,prefer3.意义区别较大：Theybegantoclean(cleaning)theclassroomassoonastheygottoschool.Ilearnedtoswim(swimming)athighschool.IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswiminthecoldweathertoday.Heprefersswimmingtodancinginsummer.Hepreferstohavearesttoday.这些动词后接动名词作宾语，表示一般的倾向，是经常性的接不定式作宾语，表示特定的具体行为，是一次性的forget,remember,try,mean,stop,regret,goon,can’thelp练习：1.Shedidn’tremember_______(meet)himbefore.2.We’vealwaysregreted_______(sell)thehouse.3.--Whendoyouplantoleave?--Imean_______(leave)tomorrow.4.Thisdictionarycan’thelp______(learn)thelanguage.4.在动词allow,permit,advise,forbid后面跟动名词作宾语，如果需要宾语补语，则要用动词不定式作宾补allow/permit/advise/forbidsb.todosth.doingsth.Weforbidsmokinghere,butweallowyoutosmokeforawhile.5.want,need,require在表示某事“需要被做”时，可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动，也可用动词不定式的被动式作宾语翻译：窗户需要擦一下。Thewindowneeds/wants/requirescleaningtobecleaned6.worth和worthy两个形容词后的宾语：翻译：这个地方值得参观Thisplaceisworthvisiting.Thisplaceisworthytobevisited.Thisplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.Thisplaceisworthyofavisit.练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空Hewouldlike______(sing)thissongnowDoyoufeellike_______(have)acupoftea?Ourschooldon’tallow______(cheat)inexams.Theextramoneywillallowus______(buy)acar.Thisbookisworth_______(read).Thisbookisworthyof_______(read).Allcarsrequire______(service)regularly.四、在介词but,otherthan（除了）后用动词不定式作宾语，如果介词前面有实意动词do的某种形式，动词不定式就省略to.Eg.1.Wehadnochoicebuttowait.2.Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.习惯搭配：在cannot(choose/help)but...(只好)hadbetter,wouldrather...后面的动词不定式也要省略toEg.3.Hecannotchoosebutstayon.4.Icannotbutagreetohisterms.5.Thegirlcannothelpbutwaitforhermother.五、连接词+不定式，常在以下动词后面作宾语：tell/show/understand/explainteach/learn/advice/discuss/askdecide/know/wonder/findout+what/how/whetherwhere/when/who+todo但why后面加不带to的不定式Eg.1.Heshowedushowtodothework.2.Wemustdecidewhethertostayortogo.3.Wehaven’tdiscussedwhentostartourprogram.4.Canyoutellmewhydoit?考点四、非谓语动词作定语动词不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语一、动词不定式作定语动词不定式表将来修饰被序数词,最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词，且与中心词是主动关系3.用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.Theoldmanistheprofessortogiveusalecture.Hewasthebestmantodothejob.Youhavealastquestiontoanswer.Wedemandallthememberstoattendthemeeting.ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,timeDoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.Onecanthinkoutmanyreasonstobeabsentfromclass.4.作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面要有相应的介词。Doyouneedapentowritewith?Ihavenopapertotakedownyourtelephonenumberon.TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place,way时，不定式后面的介词习惯省去。Ihavenomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Wehavenotime

tospend(in)quarrelingwithyou.5.作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词，如果是动词不定式动作的承受者，可用主动形式表被动意义，也可用动词不定式的被动式，但其含义有所不同Ourmanagerhavemanyworktodo.Ourmanagerhavemanyworktobedone.经理自己做经理叫别人去做I’llflytoAmericanextweekandIhavemanythingstotake.I’llstartofftomorrow.Doyouhaveanythingtobebroughttoyourbrother?主语自己带主语托别人带去二、分词作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式：doing(主动、进行）

beingdone（被动进行）；done（被动完成）Iturnedroundandsawacarrunningtowardsme.Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.Ipickedupacellphonelostinataxi.2.不及物动词现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：fallingleavesfallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwaterdevelopingcountrydevelopedcountry现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示完成1.Doyouliketheroom__________byher?cleanedB.beingcleanedC.tobecleanedD.havingbeencleaned非谓语动词表示被动：cleaned，过去分词表示“被动+完成”beingcleaned,现在分词被动式表示“被动+进行”tobecleaned,动词不定式的被动式表示“被动+将来”havingbeencleaned,现在分词的完成被动式表示分词动作发生在主句动作之前，like是一般现在时，不能搭配练习：2.Doyouknowtheboy_____(lie)underthebigtree?3.ManyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth,________(believe)tobeflat.4.Thespeechwhichhemade_________(concern)thefootballmatchboredalotoffanstodeath.5.Ifthebuildingproject____________(complete)bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.三、动名词作定语与分词作定语的区别：试比较：runningmachinewashingmachine运转的机器洗衣机swimmingboyswimmingpool正在游泳的男孩游泳池boilingwaterdrinkingwater沸水饮用水现在分词的动作是由所修饰的名词发出的进行中的动作。动名词的动作表示所修饰名词的一般用途。考点五、非谓语动词作补语动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以做宾语补足语一、感官动词后的宾语补语：二、使役动词后的宾语补语see/watch/lookat/notice/observe/hear/listento+宾+补Isawthewomancrossthestreet.Isawthewomancrossingthestreet.IheardthissongbeingsungbyagirlwhenIpassedbytheroom.IhaveneverheardthesongsunginEnglish.表主动，全过程表主动进行，瞬间被动进行被动完成1.make/have/let+宾+doget+宾+todoThebossmadetheboyworktwelvehoursaday.Mothergotmetostayathomealone.2.have(make/let)+宾语+doingsth.让/使....持续做某事get+宾语+doing让/使....开始行动起来Eg.1)Farmershadthemachinesworkingallthetime.2)Canyougetmywatchgoingagain?3.have/get/make+宾语+done使得某事被做使...遭受...Hemadehisideaknowntohisparents.I’llgotoworkbybustodaybecauseI’vehadmycarrepaired.Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.三、leave等动词后的宾补用法:leave+宾语+doingleave+宾语+undoneLeave+宾语+todo/tobedone使...保持某种状态留下某事未做留下...去做.../被做It’swrongtoleavethecomputerworking.It’sawastetoleavethewaterrunningfromthetap.Heleftmuchworkunfinishedbecausehewasill.Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedeliciousHeleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.Wehurriedlyendedthemeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.四、常跟不定式做宾补的动词：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encause,expect,forbid,force,getintend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,think,waitfor,callon,dependonEg.1)Wedon’tallowanyonetobreaktheregulation.2)Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.五、下列结构常用不定式做主语补语：主语+be+said/believed/reported/known/considered/found/thought/supposed+动词不定式各种形式Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.Anewsatelliteisreportedtobelaunchednextyear.Heatisconsideredtobeaformofenergy.练习：单项填空Theteacheraskedus_________somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake2.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered________clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued3.I_______himtogiveupsmoking,buthewouldn’tlisten.persuadedB.advisedC.suggestedD.Provided用适当的动词形式填空：4.Heisthought________(invent)thefirsttelephoneintheworld.5.Allenissaid_______(design)anewcomputerprogramrecently,butIdon’tknowwhenshewillfinishit.考点六、非谓语动词作状语动词不定式结构和分词结构都能作状语一、不定式作状语常表原因、目的和结果常跟不定式作原因状语的形容词：happy,astonished,glad,sorry,amazed,surprised,sad,embarrased,annoied,disappointed等。Hewasdisappointedtohearaboutthenews.Shefeltembarrasedtobequestionedabouthermarriage.Thegirlisveryhappytobeelectedthemornitor.2.动词不定式结构可做目的状语:Hehadtogetupatsixo’clocktocatchtheearlybus.强调目的时，不定式结构还常变化成inorderto,soasto不能用于句首Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.Inordertocatchtheearlybus,hegotupveryearly.3.动词不定式表示结果：Eg.1)MygrandmotherlivedtoseetheliberationofChina.常用来表示结果的不定式结构：too...to.../enoughto.../onlyto...2)Sheistootiredtodothejob.3)Youarewiseenoughnottosellthehouse.4)Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.否定意义表示事与愿违的结果二、分词作状语1.作状语的分词形式和意义：形式意义v.-ing(doing)与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与主句动作基本上同时发生having+v.-edhavingdone与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于主句动作发生v.-ed(done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系being+v.-edbeingdone与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且与主句动作同时发生，一般在句首做原因状语havingbeen+v.-ed(done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于主句动作发生2.分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致，句子主语必须是分词动作的执行者或承受者，否则不能用分词结构作状语。1）Lookingoutofthewindow,therewerelotsofpeopleinfrontofthebuilding.2)Waitingforabus,abrickfellonmyhead.3)Arrivinghome,thedoorwasfoundlocked.wesawlotsofpeople...WhenIwaswaitingforabus,

abrick....Ifoundthedoorwaslocked.3.分词作状语的句法功能：分词可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随状况。Eg.1)Havingcleanedtheclassroom,thegirlwenthomewithherclassmates.2)Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.3)Notknowingwhattodonext,Iwanttoaskforyouradvice.4)Givenmoretime,Iwouldbeabletofinishthepainting.5)Thepupleswentoutoftheteachingbuilding,singingandlaughing.6)Seriouslyinjured,Annwasrushedtothehospital.7)Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,youshouldn’ttalkinclass.8)Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.9)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.时间时间原因条件伴随原因条件结果让步4.分词独立成分作状语：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，与主句之间只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系，称作独立成分：GenerallyspeakingFranklyspeakingJudgingfrom/by...Considering...ToconsiderationSeeing...Supposing...Assuming...Given...Provided...Providing...Comparedto/with...Tobehonest...Totellyouthetruth...Saving...Admitting...一般来说坦白地说根据...来判断考虑到...鉴于....条件原因假如假设条件除非，除了....虽说，即使...让步-Eg.1)Consideringyourhealth,you’dbetterhavearest.2)Judgingfromyouraccent,youarefromthesouth.3)Totellyouthetruth,I’malittletired.4)Providedwegetgoodweather,itwillbeasuccessfulholiday.5)Admittingheisagoodstudent,Idon’tthinkheisfitforthework.5.分词的独立主格结构作状语：分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语是一致的（独立成分除外）但有时分词动作的执行者并非句子主语，分词前面带有逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构:Eg.1)WorkingtogetherwithDr.Bethune,welearnedalotfromhim.2)Nothavingdoneitright,Itriedagain.名词（代词）+doing(done)3)Weatherpermitting,we’llgatherinthewheattomorrow.4)Themeeting(being)over,wealllefttheroom.5)Thisdone,wecanhavearest.6)Theirroomwasonthesecondfloor,itsbroadwindowoverlookingthepark.7)Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.8)Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.条件时间时间伴随情况方式伴随情况分词作状语表示原因或伴随情况时，常在逻辑主语前加with,构成复合结构：with+名词（代词）+分词短语Eg.1)Theoldmanoftentakesawalkaftersupperwithhisdogfollowinghim.2)Withalltheworkfinished,theywenthome.考点七非谓语动词的复合结构：2.动词不定式的复合结构：不定式动作的执行者（逻辑主语）如果不是句子主语，就要构成复合结构：forsb.todosth.比较：Hewasanxioustomeetyou.Hewasanxiousforhissistertomeetyou.Hewillbeproudtowinthegoldmedal.Thefatherwillbeproudforhissontowinthegoldmedal.It’simportantfor