汽车专业英语2课件

UNIT2IntroductiontoAutomobileEnginePART1TechnicalandPracticalReading

PassageAEngineConstruction(I)Theautomobileisdesignedtotravelonroads.Thetypicalautomobilehasjustaninternalcombustionenginethatoperatesbyburningitsfuelinsidetheengineandmakestheautomobilemove.

combustion[kəm'bstʃən]n.燃烧internalcombustionengine内燃机Figure2-1aV-engineFigure2-1bInline-engineSoanengineistheheartofanautomobile.Seefigure2-1.Atypicalautomobileengineconsistsofcylinderblock,cylinderhead,camshaft,valves,sparkplug,pistonandpistonrings,connectingrod,crankshaft，flywheelandoilpan.Seefigure2-2.cylinder['silində]n.汽缸，圆筒，圆柱体camshaft['kæmʃ:ft]n.凸轮轴valve[vælv]n.阀门，气门piston['pistən]n.活塞crankshaft['kræŋkʃ:ft]n.曲轴flywheel['flaiwi:l]n.飞轮consistsof由……组成cylinderblock汽缸体cylinderhead汽缸盖sparkplug火花塞pistonring活塞环oilpan油底壳Figure2-2CylinderBlockCylinderblockorengineblock,asshowninFigure2-3,isasinglemachinedcastingunit.Itcontainsthecylindersandthewatercoolantandlubricantpassages.Figure2-3aV-engineblockcasting['k:stiŋ]n.铸件contain[kən'tein]v.包含，容纳，含有coolant['ku:lənt]n.冷冻剂，冷却液passage['pæsidV]n.通道Soitisacomplicatedpartattheheartofanengine.Cylinderblockisusuallymadefromcastironorinmodernengines,aluminiumandmagnesium.Figure2-3bInlineengineblockcomplicated['kɔmplikeitid]a.复杂的aluminium[7ælju'miniəm]n.铝magnesium[mæg'ni:zjəm]n.镁CylinderHeadAcylinderheadisacastinggenerallymadefromironoraluminumthatholdsthevalves,valvespringsandoneortwocamshafts(overheadcamengineonly).valvespring气门弹簧overheadcamengine顶置凸轮轴发动机Thecylinderheadhasmachinedsurfacestoprovideaprecisionfittomateparts.Inlinefour-andsix-cylinderengineshaveonecylinderhead.V6andV8engineshavetwocylinderheads.

surface['sə:fis]n.表面，平面precision[pri'siən]a.精确的mate[meit]v.使……配对，使……一致Theheadisessentiallyaflatplateofmetalboltedtothetopofthecylinderblockwithagasketinbetween.Seefigure2-4.gasket['gæskit]n.衬垫，垫圈bolt[beult]v.用螺栓连接，用螺栓固定flatplate平板CamshaftThekeypartsofanycamshaftarethelobes.Asthecamshaftspins,thelobesopenandclosetheintakeandexhaustvalvesintimewiththemotionofthepiston.lobe[ləub]n.圆突，凸起出部camlobe凸轮凸角intakeandexhaustvalve进排气门Itturnsoutthatthereisadirectrelationshipbetweentheshapeofthecamlobesandthewaytheengineperformsindifferentspeedranges.Seefigure2-5.ValvesValves(Figure2-6)areusuallymadefromasteelalloy.Exhaustvalvesmustwithstandextremelyhightemperaturesupto815degreesCelsiuswithoutdamagingthevalve.withstand[wið'stænd]v.经得起steelalloy合金钢Thevalvefacemustseatevenlyagainstthevalveseatinthecylinderheadtopreventleaksfromthecylinderduringthecompressionandpowerstrokes.valveseat气门座compressionstroke压缩冲程Manyvalvefacesandseatshaveanangleof45degrees.Figure2-6bCamshaftValveThereareintakevalvesandexhaustvalves.Ontheintakeside,theintakevalveopenswhichletsthefuel-airmixtureintothecombustionchamber.air-fuelmixture空气燃油混合气Atsomepoint,theintakevalvecloses,theair-fuelmixtureiscompressedandignitedbythesparkplug.ignite[ig'nait]v.点燃，使燃烧Thentheexhaustgasexitsthecylinderwhentheexhaustvalveopens.Therearealwaysatleastoneintakeandoneexhaustvalve.Somecylinderheadshave2intakeand2exhaustvalves.SparkPlugAsparkplugisanelectricaldevicethatfitsintothecylinderheadofsomeinternalcombustionenginesandignitescompressedair-fuelmixturebymeansofanelectricspark.

device[di'vais]n.装置，设备bymeansof用，凭借Sparkplugshaveaninsulatedcenterelectrodewhichisconnectedbyaheavilyinsulatedwiretoanignitioncoilontheoutside.insulated['insjuleitid]a.绝缘的electrode[i'lektrəud]n.电极ignition[ig'niʃən]n.点火，着火insulatedwire绝缘线ignitioncoil点火线圈Thesparkplugforceselectricitytoarcacrossagap.Theelectricitymustbeataveryhighvoltageinordertotravelacrossthegapandcreateagoodspark.Voltageatthesparkplugcanbeanywherefrom40,000to100,000volts.voltage['vəultidV]n.电压volt[vɔlt]n.伏特NewWordscombustion[kəm'bstʃən]n.燃烧cylinder['silində]n.汽缸，圆筒，圆柱体camshaft['kæmʃ:ft]n.凸轮轴valve[vælv]n.阀门，气门piston['pistən]n.活塞crankshaft['kræŋkʃ:ft]n.曲轴flywheel['flaiwi:l]n.飞轮casting['k:stiŋ]n.铸件contain[kən'tein]v.包含，容纳，含有coolant['ku:lənt]n.冷冻剂，冷却液passage['pæsidV]n.通道complicated['kɔmplikeitid]a.复杂的aluminium[7ælju'miniəm]n.铝magnesium[mæg'ni:zjəm]n.镁surface['sə:fis]n.表面，平面precision[pri'siən]a.精确的mate[meit]v.使……配对，使……一致bolte[bEult]v.用螺栓连接，用螺栓固定gasket['gæskit]n.衬垫，垫圈lobe[ləub]n.圆突，凸起出部withstand[wið'stænd]v.经得起device[di'vais]n.装置，设备ignite[ig'nait]v.点燃，使燃烧insulated['insjuleitid]a.绝缘的electrode[i'lektrəud]n.电极ignition[ig'niʃən]n.点火，着火voltage['vəultidV]n.电压volt[vɔlt]n.伏特PhrasesandExpressionsinternalcombustionengine内燃机consistsof由……组成cylinderblock汽缸体cylinderhead汽缸盖sparkplug火花塞pistonring活塞环oilpan油底壳valvespring气门弹簧overheadcamengine顶置凸轮轴发动机flatplate平板camlobe凸轮凸角intakeandexhaustvalve进排气门steelalloy合金钢valveseat气门座compressionstroke压缩冲程air-fuelmixture空气燃油混合气bymeansof用，凭借insulatedwire绝缘线ignitioncoil点火线圈EXERCISE2TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEernalcombustionengine

2.

点火线圈3.powerstroke

4.

进排气门5.valveseat

6.

空气燃油混合气7.cylinderblock

8.

压缩冲程9.pistonring

10.

绝缘线PassageBEngineConstruction(II)PistonandPistonRingsPistontransformstheenergyoftheexpandinggassesintomechanicalenergy.transform[træns'fɔ:m]v.转换，使……变形expanding[iks'pændiŋ]a.膨胀的mechanicalenergy机械能Tmonly['kɔmənli]ad.一般，普通，通常Thepistonisacylindricalshapedhollowpartthatmovesupanddowninsidetheenginecylinder.cylindrical[si'lindrik(ə)l]a.圆柱的hollow['hɔləu]a.空的，空腹的，空心的Mostenginepistonshavethreerings:thetoptwoarecompressionringsandthelowerringisoilcontrolring,compressionring压环oilring油环andtheyfunctionasthesealbetweenthepistonandthecylinderwallandalsoacttoreducefrictionbyminimizingthecontactareabetweenthepistonandthecylinderwall.Seefigure2-7.minimize['minimaiz]v.将……减到最少friction['frikʃən]n.摩擦，摩擦力cylinderwall汽缸壁Figure2-7ConnectionRodInareciprocatingpistionengine,theconnectingrodconnectsthepistiontothecrankshaft.reciprocating[ri'siprəkeitiŋ]a.往复的，来回的Inmoderninternalcombustionengines,theconnectingrodsaremostusuallymadeofsteel.Thesmallendattachestothepistonpinorwristpin,whichiscurrentlymostoftenpressfitintotheconnectingrod.Thebigendconnectstocrankshaft.Seefigure2-8.pistonpin/wristpin活塞销pressfit压入配合，压配合Figure2-8ConnectingrodandpistonCrankshaftCrankshaftsaremadeofforgedsteel.forgedsteel锻钢forgediron锻铁Thecrankshaft,heldintheengineblock,convertstheupanddownmotionofthepistonsintoarotarymotion.convert[kən'və:t]v.使转变，使……改变rotary['rəutəri]a.旋转的，转动的n.运行的机器rotarymotion旋转运动Itprovidestheturningmotionforthewheels.Thereareusuallythreejournalsinafourcylinderengine.journal['dVə:nl]n.轴颈Toconvertthereciprocatingmotionintorotation,thecrankshafthascrankpins,additionalbearingsurfaceswhoseaxisisoffsetfromthatofthecrank,towhichthe“bigends”oftheconnectingrodsattach.rotation[rəu'teiʃən]n.旋转，循环crankpin['kræŋkpin]n.曲柄梢bearing['bɛəriŋ]n.轴承axis['æksis]n.轴，轴向offset['ɔ:fset]v.位移，偏移reciprocatingmotion往复运动Thecrankshafthaslargeweights,calledcounterweights,thatbalancetheweightoftheconnectingrods.counterweights平衡重Theseweightsensureanbalanceforceduringtherotationofthemovingparts.balance['bæləns]n.平衡v.平衡Thecrankshafttypicallyconnectstoaflywheel,toreducethevibrationcausedbythefour-strokecycle.Seefigure2-9.vibration[vai'breiʃən]n.振动four-strokecycle四冲程工作循环Figure2-9aCrankshaftwithconnectingrodFigure2-9bCrankshaftAermediatering

5.crankshaftgear6.crankshaftbearing7.key8.nut9.connectingrod

10.bigendbearingshell11.smallendbushing12.spacingsleeveFlywheelAflywheelisarotatingdisclocatedononeendofthecrankshaftandservesthreepurposes.First,throughitsinertia,itreducesvibrationbysmoothingoutthepowerstrokeaseachcylinderfires.inertia[i'nə:ʃjə]n.惯性smoothout弄平（消除）Second,itismountingsurfaceusedtobolttheengineuptoitsload.Third,onsomedieselflywheelhasgearteetharounditsperimeterthatallowthestartingmotorstoengageandcranktheengine.Seefigure2-10.perimeter[pə'rimitə]n.周长Figure2-10FlywheelTheflywheelconnectedtothecrankshaftprovidesthemomentumtokeepthecrankshaftturningwithouttheapplicationofpower,throughtheenergygeneratedduringthepowerstroke.momentum[məu'mentəm]n.动量，冲力，冲量Thisenergyisalsousedtodrivethecrankshaft,connectingrodsandpistonsduringthethreeidlestrokesofthe4-strokecycle.idle['aidl]a.懒惰的，停顿的，（机器）空转Thismakesforasmoothenginespeed.Theflywheelformsonesurfaceoftheclutchandisthebasefortheringgear.ringgear齿圈OilPanorSumpDoyouwonderwhatoilpansdo?Oilpansareamajorenginecoolingsystemparts.cooling['ku:liŋ]n.冷却a.冷却的Theyareusuallyconstructedofthinsteelandshapedintoadeepersectiontofullyperformitsfunction.Itisalsowheretheoilpumpisplaced.Whenanengineisnotrunningoratrest,oilpanscollectstheoilasitflowsdownfromthesidesofthecrankcase.Inotherwords,oilpansthataremountedatthebottomofthecrankcaseserveasanoilreservoir.

oilreservoir机油灌Engineoilisusedforthelubrication,cooling,andcleaningofinternalcombustionengines.lubrication[lu:bri'keiʃən]n.润滑cleaning['kli:niŋ]n.清洁，清洗，净化NewWordstransform[træns'fɔ:m]v.转换，使……变形expanding[iks'pændiŋ]a.膨胀的commonly['kɔmənli]ad.一般，普通，通常cylindrical[si'lindrik(ə)l]a.圆柱的hollow['hɔləu]a.空的，空腹的，空心的minimize['minimaiz]v.将……减到最少friction['frikʃən]n.摩擦，摩擦力reciprocating[ri'siprəkeitiŋ]a.往复的，来回的attach[ə'tætʃ]v.系上，贴上convert[kən'və:t]v.使转变，使……改变rotary['rəutəri]a.旋转的，转动的n.运行的机器rotation[rəu'teiʃən]n.旋转，循环journal['dVə:nl]n.轴颈crankpin['kræŋkpin]n.曲柄梢bearing['bɛəriŋ]n.轴承axis['æksis]n.轴，轴向offset['ɔ:fset]v.位移，偏移balance['bæləns]n.平衡v.平衡vibration[vai'breiʃən]n.振动inertia[i'nə:ʃjə]n.惯性perimeter[pə'rimitə]n.周长momentum[məu'mentəm]n.动量，冲力，冲量idle['aidl]a.懒惰的，停顿的，（机器）空转lubrication[7lu:bri'keiʃən]n.润滑cooling['ku:liŋ]n.冷却a.冷却的cleaning['kli:niŋ]n.清洁，清洗，净化PhrasesandExpressionsmechanicalenergy机械能compressionring压环oilring油环cylinderwall汽缸壁pistonpin/wristpin活塞销pressfit压入配合，压配合forgedsteel锻钢forgediron锻铁rotarymotion旋转运动smoothout弄平（消除）reciprocatingmotion往复运动counterweights平衡重four-strokecycle四冲程工作循环ringgear齿圈oilreservoir机油灌IgnitionsystemStartingsystemLubricatingsystemCoolingsystemFuelsystemValveandValvetrainCrankshaftandconnectingrodassemblyengineCrankshaftandconnectingrodassembly气环油环正时齿轮活塞连杆飞轮曲轴轴瓦减震器和皮带轮Valveandvalvetrain正时皮带轮凸轮轴气门活塞连杆曲轴正时皮带轮张紧轮FuelSystemStartingsystemIgnitionSystemLubricatingSystemCoolingsystem1.IntakeStroke

2.CompressionStroke

3.PowerStroke4.ExhaustStrokePart

IIGlanceattheStructureoftheAutomobile

EnglishTermsExplanationsChinese1.ValvespringMechanismthatkeepsthevalveclosed2.DistributorCasethatenablesengine’signition3.AlternatorGeneratorthatenablescurrentinbothdirections4.FanApparatusthatfeedoxygenintotheengine’scombustion

5.WaterpumpDevicethatcirculateswaterthroughtheradiator6.FanbeltPieceofrubberthatwrapsaroundthepulleysandturnsthecoolingfan7.PulleySmallwheelwithagroovedrim,bittedwithabelt,whichturnsthecoolingfan气门弹簧分电器交流发电机风扇水泵风扇皮带带轮8.RadiatorhoseTreatedrubbertubethatconnectsthelinesofacombustionengine9.fuelpumpDevicethatmovesgasfromthegastanktotheengine10.fuellineNetworkofhosesthattransportthegas11.AirfilterDevicethatremovesimpuritiesfromairpassingthroughit12.DipstickInstrumentthatmeasuresthelevelofoilinamotor13.EngineblockSetconsistingthemotor,theclutchandthegearbox14.CylinderheadcoverRemovablecoverontheupperpartofthemotor散热器软管气泵燃油管路空气滤清器机油量尺发动机机体汽缸盖罩盖15.SparkplugcableCableconnectingthesparkplugtothedistributorcap16.SparkplugIg