8B期末复习3-4单元学案(精讲+习题)

PAGEPAGE15单元Unit3一、重点词汇：online,television,channel,design(er),program,education(al),traveller,character,role,knowledge,screen,mark,pass,set,store,movable,machine,control,print,appear,daily,exciting,include,cover,order,introduction,goal,produce(r);二、词组短语：turnon,atthesametime,maincharacter,athirteen-year-oldboy,fallasleep,earnapoint,playtheroleof…,findout,sellout,asetof,dailyEnglish,askforhelp常见的被动语态的一些词组getdressed(穿衣)gethurt(受伤)getlost(迷路)getwashed(洗脸)getmarried(结婚)becoveredwith(被…覆盖)bemadeof（由…制成）（看得出原材料）bemadeby（由某人制造）bemadefrom（由…制成）（看不出原材料）bemadein（由某地制造）beusedfor（被用于…）beusedas（被当作…使用）itissaidthat…（据说…）itishopedthat…（希望…）itiswellknownthat…（众所周知…）一.【精选词汇】㈠重点短语1.Ihavenoidea.＝I’venoidea.＝Idon’tknow.我不知道。(p40)2.turnontheTV→turnon/off打开/关闭…，turnup/down调大/调低；都是“动词＋副词”。3.changethechannel换台→onChannel…在…台，e.g.onCCTV-5→拓展：theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡4.differentusesofcomputers计算机的不同用途：drawanddesign,playcomputergames,searchforinformation,sendandreceivee-mails收发电子邮件,dowordprocessing进行文字处理,writecomputerprograms编写计算机程序(p41)5.travelaroundtheworldineighthours八小时环游地球，educationalCD-ROM教育软件(p42)6.comeout(书等)出版，发行，发表，不能用于被动语态，可以转化为bepublished。〈知识链接〉Whenwillhernewnovelcomeout?＝Whenwillhernewnovelbepublished?〈用法拓展〉⑴(太阳、月亮或星星)出现；露出，e.g.Therainedstoppedandthesuncameout.⑵(花朵)开放；(草)出芽，e.g.InMarchflowersandgrasscomeout.7.learnEnglishandgeographyatthesametime同时学英语和地理→atthesametime同时〈知识链接〉learnandplayatthesametime边学边玩8.themaincharacter主角→playthemaincharacterof…＝playtheleadroleof…〈知识链接〉playtherole…扮演…，thebestactor最佳男主角，thebestactress最佳女主角9.have/getitchyfeet渴望旅行，e.g.ShehasgonetoAustralia－shehasalwayshaditchyfeet.10.helpyoulearnEnglishbytestingyourknowledgeofEnglishgrammarandvocabulary(p43)〈知识链接〉⑴by介词，通过某种方法、手段，后接名词或动词-ing。①Hemadealivingbysellingflowers.②Youcanknowmoreaboutthenewsbyreadingtoday’snewspaper.⑵haveaknowledgeof有某方面的知识，e.g.①Hehasawideknowledgeofpainting.他在绘画方面知识渊博。②Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。11.oneofthebestonthemarket市面上最畅销的一种12.chooseoneiconinthemenu在菜单里选择一个图标，clickonitformoredetails点击它以了解详情→clickon…点击…，leftdouble-clickon…左键双击…13.openmynewe-dictionaryonmycomputer打开我电脑上的新电子词典(p48)〈知识链接〉“打开”电脑的软件用open不用turnon。〈用法拓展〉⑴英汉词典anEnglish-Chinesedictionary，汉英词典aChinese-Englishdictionary⑵查字典：lookupawordinadictionary或lookawordupinadictionary14.restartthecomputer重新启动电脑→startvt.启动；开始→restart重新启动〈知识链接〉re＋部分动词→再…，e.g.rebuild重建，reuse循环使用，retell复述〈用法拓展〉setoff＝startoff出发；动身，setaboutdoingsth开始做某事，着手做某事15.checkthesettings检查设置，double-clickonthe“auto-run”icon双击“自动运行”图标，double-clickontheiconfor“Tour”→double-clickonthe…icon＝double-clickontheiconfor…双击…图标，putintheCD-ROM插入光盘16.connectthekeyboardtothecomputerproperly正确地连接键盘和电脑〈知识链接〉⑴connectAtoB连接A和B→beconnectedto…与…连接⑵properadj.正确的→properly17.growaninch长一英寸，growtosixfeetlong长到六英尺长→Afootisequalto12inches.18.dailyEnglish＝everydayEnglish日常英语→dailynewspaper日报，XinhuaDaily新华日报19.goonshorttoursofAustraliaandNewZealand去澳大利亚和新西兰短期旅行(p52)20.behiddeninsomewhereintheArctic被藏在北极的某个地方→behidden＋地点，被藏在…21.thetreasurebox百宝箱→treasurehunt寻宝(p55)㈡词汇解析1.onlineadj.联网的；在线的e.g.chatonline网上聊天，orderapackageonline网上订购一套2.reach⑴vt.到达＝getto…＝arriveat/in…⑵达到，e.g.①reach18yearsold年满18岁②Thechildisn’ttallenoughtoreachthesnacksonthetable.⑶reachoutahand伸出一只手3.⑴correctlyadv.正确地→correct①adj.正确的→incorrect→incorrectly②vt.改正；修正，e.g.correctamistake改正错误⑵correct正确的→wrong错误的，inthecorrectorder按正确顺序4.educatev.教育→educationn.教育→educationaladj.教育的，e.g.①educateoneself自修；培养②beeducatedatschool在学校里受教育③haveagoodeducation受到良好教育5.knowledgen.知识→knowvt.知道→beknowntosb为某人所知，bewellknown/famousfor…因…而出名，beknownas…作为…而出名，e.g.SamuelClemens,whowasknownasMarkTwain,wasafamousAmericanwriter.塞缪斯·克莱门斯，以马克·吐温知名，是美国名作家。6.point⑴n.分数e.g.get100points得100分⑵n.小数点e.g.1.732读作onepointseventhreetwo⑶v.指e.g.pointout指出，pointat/to…指向7.regards(用于信函的结尾或转达问候)致意；问候→regardsbas…把某人视为…8.company简写作Co.，e.g.有限公司companylimited＝Co.,Lducer制作人；制造商。9.使用计算机Officeword常用短语：createafile创建文档，keep/savethefileforfutureuse保存该文档以备用。“收发电子邮件”sendandreceivee-mails需要“电子信箱”e-mailaddress。10.control⑴n.(键盘上的)控制键⑵vt.控制e.g.①Thetrafficlightsarecontrolledbyacentralcomputer.交通信号灯由中心计算机控制。②Thisknobcontrolsthevolume.此旋钮调节音量。二.【重点句型】1.—Whatdoyouuseyourcomputerfor?—Iusuallyuseittosearchforinformation.(p41)〈知识链接〉What…for?＝Why…?为什么…?e.g.Whatdidyoudothatfor?＝Whydidyoudothat?2.Itsoundsinteresting,doesn’tit?→“陈述句＋附加疑问？”构成反意疑问句。(p42)⑴附加疑问即“助动词或助动词的否定式缩写＋主语或there”；附加疑问部分的助动词必须与陈述句保持一致，主语必须是人称代词或there，并与陈述句主语的单复数保持一致。⑵前肯定后否定；前否定后肯定。尤其要注意“前否定后肯定”答语的英汉差异。⑶反意疑问句的答语为“Yes,主语＋助动词.”或“No,主语＋助动词的否定式”。e.g.—Simondidn’ttakepartinthefootballmatch,didhe?—Yes,hedid.Thoughhewasn’tfeelingwell.—西蒙没有参加足球赛，是吗？—不，他参加了。尽管他当时不舒服。3.Oneday,hewaslyingonthegrassandlookingatthebeautifulbluesky,whenhefellasleepandhadaverystrangedream.一天，他躺在草地上，看着美丽的蓝天，不知不觉间睡着了，并做了个奇怪的梦。lie①躺→lies→lying→lay→lain②说谎→lies→lying→lied→lied③位于→lies→lying→lied→lied〈知识链接〉⑴lie意思是“躺”，常用于liedown躺下，findsb/sthlying＋地点①Shefoundapurselyingontheground.②Ifoundahomelessmanlyingatthestreetcorner.⑵fallasleep睡着，e.g.HefellasleepwhenhewaswatchingTV.⑶have/dreama…dream做了一个…的梦，e.g.have/dreamastrangedream〈用法拓展〉lie⑴说谎，e.g.①Youcouldseefromhisfacethathewaslying.②tellalie说谎⑵位于，e.g.JiangsuliesintheeastofChina.4.Seethosebigcloudsofdifferentcolourswithquestionsonthem?Yougetapointeverytimeyouansweraquestioncorrectly.→everytime＋陈述句，每当…，引导时间状语从句。〈知识链接〉getapoint得一分，answeraquestioncorrectly答对一题5.Whenyouhavegotenoughpoints,acloudwillcomedownandcarryyouofftoaplaceyouhavenevervisitedbefore.→youhavenevervisitedbefore是省略关系代词that/which的定语从句。〈知识链接〉havegotenoughpoints获得足够的点数，carryyouoffto…把你带到…6.Areyouready?Let’sgo！准备好了吗？出发！7.Forexample,whenyoureachLondon,youwilllearnabouttheMuseumofLondonandmanyotherinterestingplaces.→①learnabout…了解…8.Everytimeyoupassalevel,youwillseeamapoftheworld.→passalevel过一关〈知识链接〉⑴Everytime＋陈述句，每当…⑵amapoftheworld世界地图→amapofChina9.Theplacesyouhavevisitedaremarkedinbrightpurple.你到过的地方都标上了明亮的紫色。10.Getitnowbeforeitissoldout.→sellout售完，besoldout被售完，sellwell好卖(不用被动)〈知识链接〉—HaveyougotasizeM?—Sorry,theyareallsoldout.Theysellwell.11.I’veboughtmanyeducationalCD-ROMsbefore,butI’vefoundnoneofthemtobeanygood.〈知识链接〉findnoneofthemtobeanygood没发现一个好的12.—Howcanyourteacherreadyourhomeworkonthecomputer?—Icansendhime-mailsorprintitout.→readyourhomework批阅作业，sendsbe-mails给某人发电子邮件(p46)〈知识链接〉onthecomputer在电脑上，onthescreen，onTV，ontheInternet(在因特网上)13.—Doyouhaveanewprinter,too?—Yes,anditprintsveryquickly.→该句的print不用被动。14.Mynewcomputerismuchfasterthantheoldone.Icantypeveryeasily,andthekeyboardisverycomfortable.15.We’vegotmanykindsofpersonalcomputers.ThisgreenoneiscalledKiwi,anditisdesignedespeciallyforstudents.→personalcomputer个人电脑，简写作PC。(p48)〈知识链接〉⑴Kiwi①(informal)＝apersonfromNewZealand新西兰人②几维鸟，新西兰鸟，喙长、翼短、无尾、不能飞③kiwifruit猕猴桃；奇异果⑵bedesignedespeciallyforstudents特别为学生而设计16.—Isitusedwidely?—Ofcourse,verywidelyinBeijing.→bewidelyused被广泛使用〈知识链接〉Englishiswidelyusedasthesecondlanguageinmanycountries.(bewidelyas…被广泛用作)17.Whenatotaloftenquestionsareansweredincorrectly,theprincesswillbecomebald.(p51)〈知识链接〉⑴totaln.总数，总和e.g.①Yougot47pointsonthewrittenexamand18ontheoral,makingatotalof65.你笔试得了47分，口试得了18分，总分65分。②Outofatotalof15games,theyonlywon2.在总共15场比赛中，他们只胜了2场。⑵becomebald秃顶→become＋形容词18.Thequestionsgetmoredifficultasyougotohigherlevels.当你到更高的级别，问题就更难了。〈知识链接〉as连词，当…时，随着…。e.g.Theairwillgetfresherasyoureachthetopofthemountain.19.Shewillhelpyouwhennecessary.必要时她会帮助你。→ifnecessary如果有必要(p52)20.Manytopicsarecoveredinthecourse,includingtravelandhotels,foodanddrink,andshoppingandmoney.这一课程涉及许多主题，包括旅游、饭店、购物和钱币。(p53)〈知识链接〉⑴cover＝include包括；涉及⑵including介词，包括…在内，e.g.①Histalkcovered/includedthehistorybetweenthetwoWorldWars.②Thepackageincludes/coversabookandtwoCD-ROMs.③Thereweretenstudentsleftintheclassroom,includingTom.21.CanyoushowmehowtostartthisonlinetourofAustralia,please?你能告诉我如何开启这个澳大利亚的在线之旅吗？→howtostart…是“疑问词＋动词不定式”。22.Doyoumindtellingmehowtousethisfunction?你介不介意告诉如何使用这个功能？〈知识链接〉mind介意，表示请求允许或客气地请人做事。注意以下两种表达的不同：⑴Do/Wouldyoumindmy/medoingsth?或Do/WouldyoumindifIdosth?你介意我做某事吗？表示请求对方的允许，答语为Ofcoursenot.Certainlynot.或You’dbetternot.Betternot.⑵Do/Wouldyouminddoingsth?你介意做某事吗？表示客气地请人做事。①Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?＝DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?我开窗户好吗？②Wouldyoumindexplainingthatagain,please?请你再解释一遍行吗？请做题—Wouldyoumind?I’mfeelingtootired.—Ofcoursenot.Letmedoit.A.todriveB.mydriveC.drivingD.mydriving23.Justdouble-clickonthe“Pencil”icon.…Aworksheethasjustappearedonthescreen.〈知识链接〉⑴appear是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。appear出现→disappear消失⑵sheetn.①床单e.g.changethesheet换床单②一张(通常指标准尺寸的纸)e.g.500sheets24.Inwhichcountriesisthegamesold?这个游戏在哪些国家销售？(p55)〈知识链接〉Inwhichcountries不能去掉介词in，e.g.Whichcitydidyougotolastsummer?25.Thegoalofthegameistotravelaroundtheworldtolearnthehistoryofeachplaceandusethisknowledgetoopenthetreasurebox.→当主语是goal等时，用动词不定式betodo作表语。三.【语法详解】被动语态㈠英语中的语态－主动语态和被动语态⒈英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：①Theybuiltanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)→Anewbridgewasbuiltovertheriverbythem.(被动)②ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动)→Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动)⒉汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成”，即“be＋p.p.”，其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。㈡被动语态的基本用法⒈当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be＋过去分词构成，时态通过动词be表现出来。⒉什么时候使用被动语态⑴不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。①Somewindowswerebrokenlastnight.②Thisbookwaspublished(出版)in2005.注意：第②句＝Teout是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。⑵只强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。①EducationalCD-ROMsaresoldinmanycountries.②RicewasfirstgrowninChina.③Englishislearnedallovertheworld.注意：不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，如：appear,happen,takeplace等。㈢被动语态的基本结构⒈动作的承受者＋be＋过去分词＋其他＋by＋动作的执行者。简写为“承受者＋be＋过去分词＋其他＋by＋动作的执行者”。⒉主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：确定主动语态的时态，它决定着被动语态中的助动词be。→找出主动语态的主、谓、宾。→按照上述句式改写：承受者+be+过去分词+其他＋by＋执行者⒊常用的被动语态结构时态结构时态结构一般现在时am/is/are＋p.p.含情态动词can/may/must/…be＋p.p.一般过去时was/were＋p.p.现在完成时have/hasbeen+p.p.一般将来时will/shallbe＋p.p.am/is/aregoingtobe＋p.p.现在进行时am/is/arebeing+p.p.⒋主动改为被动语态的例子：主动语态基本结构为主、谓、宾。⑴Hisbrotherwashesdisheseveryday.→Dishesarewashedeverydaybyhisbrother.主(执行者)谓宾(承受者)其他⑵Peterwillcleantheroomtomorrow.→TheroomwillbecleanedtomorrowbyPeter.⑶Hemustlookafterthelittleboy.→Thelittleboymustbelookedafterbyhim.⑷Thestudentsarewatchingacharityshow.→Acharityshowisbeingwatchedbythestudents.㈣特殊情况的被动语态简单句五种基本形式中的其中两种变为被动语态时十分重要：⒈主谓＋双宾：这类短语含有介词to或for。如：give,send,show,buy,make…⑴givesbsth＝givesthtosb，buysbsth＝buysthforsb主动语态：Amygavemesomenicestickers.＝Amygavesomenicestickerstome.被动语态：IwasgivensomenicestickersbyAmy.或SomenicestickersweregiventomebyAmy.⑵主动：Afairygavetheprincessamagicwand.＝AfairygaveamagicwandtoPrincessLaura.被动：Theprincesswasgivenamagicwandbyafairy.或Amagicwandwasgiventotheprincess.总结含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则：可以把任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语；如果把直接宾语(即物体)作为主语，动词和直接宾语之间要添加相应的介词to或for。主动语态中无论使用givesbsth还是givesthtosb，一律按照上述句子改写，即：givesbsth或givesthtosb→sbbegivensth或sthbegiventosb，这类含有介词to或for的短语见下表主动语态被动语态sendsbsth或sendsthtosbsbbesentsth或sthbesenttosbshowsbsth或showsthtosbsbbeshownsth或sthbeshowntosbbuysbsth或buysthforsbsbbeboughtsth或sthbeboughtforsbmakesbsth或makesthforsbsbbemadesth或sthbemadeforsb⒉主谓宾＋省略to的不定式(即宾补)：使役动词变为被动语态时，原来省略的to一定要加上。常见短语⑴makesbdosth→sbbemadetodosth(主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。下同)⑵hearsbdosth→sbbeheardtodosth⑶seesbdosth→sbbeseentodosth⑷havesbdosth→sbbehadtodosth注意特殊例子：letsbdosth→sbbeletdosth(主动语态和被动语态都不含to。)e.g.Hemadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday.㈤主动形式表示被动意义：有些不及物动词(其主语大都指物)的主动语态可以表示被动意义。⒈某些连系动词。这些动词有feel,taste,smell,sound,prove等。①Thecoffeesmellsdelicious.②Thestoryprovedquitefalse.⒉某些可与well,easily,quickly等副词连用的不及物动词。①Thiskindofbikessellswell.②Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.⒊某些可用于“主＋谓＋主补”结构中的不及物动词。e.g.Thebagbrokeopen.⒋动名词在beworthdoing句型中的主动形式表示被动含义。①HisnovelsaresowellworthreadingthatIwantone.②Thesestampsareworthcollecting.⒌动名词在need,want,require等动词后，主动形式表示被动含义。needdoing＝needtobedone①Theproblemrequiresdealingwithimmediately.②Herbikeneededrepairing.⒍动词不定式的主动形式在too…to…句型中表示被动含义。Theboxistooheavytocarry.⒎有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义。这些形容词有easy,difficult,heavy,nice,good,pleasant,important,useful,dangerous等。①Badhabitsareeasytocontract.②Englishisdifficulttolearn.五、例题解析1、误：ThisisabookwaswrittenbyLuXun.正：ThisisabookwrittenbyLuXun.解析：此处的written只是作为一个形容词来用，整个‘abookwrittenbyLuXun’意为‘一本鲁迅写的书’。注意区别：ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.2、误：Iwillfindoutifhecomestomorrow.正：Iwillfindoutifhewillcometomorrow.解析：此处的if意为‘是否’，引导的是一个宾语从句，由于有tomorrow所以用将来时。而只有当if当解释为‘如果’时，它才引导条件状语从句，要体现主将从现的特点。六、巩固练习（一）用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Iwas__________(luck)enoughtomeethim.2.Hismotherisold.Her__________(know)ofcomputerispoor.3.alotof__________(travel)fromabroadcometoHainanIslandeveryyear.4.Thenameofthestoryis__________(fun).5.Thisbookisquitegoodbecauseitis__________(educate)forus.（二）用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Onhiswayhomehefoundabag__________(lie)ontheground.2.Thepictures__________(print)bymysisterjustnow.3.They__________(clean)thewindowseveryweek.4.Americanfilms__________(show)onTVatweekend5.WouldyoupleasehelpmewithmyEnglishafterthehomework__________(do).6.Whenwewereplayingfootballontheplayground,itstarted__________(rain).7.Couldyouteachmehow__________(use)thecomputer?8.They_________(tell)herthenewsassoonasshe__________(come)back.9.Sorry,thebookyouwant__________(sell)out.Wouldyoulikeanotherone?10.Thiskindofplantcan__________(use)for__________(make)medcine.（三）单项选择()1.I’vecometoschoolbybus______.Ihavegrownup.A.byourselvesB.onmyownC.myownD.formyself()2.Thingshavechangedalot______years.A.atB.overC.forD.since()3.theoldmanlives______,soheoftenfeels______.A.lonely,aloneB.alone,happyC.alone,aloneD.byhimself,lonely()4.Howlonghaveyou______fromtheUSA?A.comebackB.retrunedC.gotbackD.beenback()5.WhenIsawhimsuddenly,he______hisgackage.A.waspackingB.ispackingC.haspackedD.packed()6.Alargenumberofchickens______becauseofthebirdflu(禽流感)A.killB.killedC.waskilledD.werekilled()7.Aman______TongJimwantstoseeyou.A.calledB.callsC.nameD.iscalled()8.______ofushasbeentoHainanIsland.A.NooneB.BothC.NoneofD.All()9.Thenewdress______heranother100yuan.A.costsB.costC.iscostD.wascost.()10.Heisoftenseen______basketballontheplayground.A.playB.playsC.playingD.toplay（四）句型转换1.ThiscomputergamewasdesingedbyMrWhite.(改为主动语态)____________________________________________________2.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.(改为被动语态)____________________________________________________3.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(改为一般疑问句)_________theclassroomalways________clean?4.Thecomputerisusedforsendingandreceivinginformation.(对划线部分提问)________________thecomputer________________?5.It’sbetterforyoutogotobedearly.(改为同义句)________________gotobedearly.（五）句子改错1.CanyoufindMrJohnson’saddressforme?2.Ithinkthecuphasthreelegsisverystrange.3.Theletterswerewrotebymybrother.4.Myhaircutshortyesterday.5.Idon’tknowwhenhereachedinLondon.6.Theshoesinyoursizeissoldout.7.HeismadereadEnglisheverymorning.byhisparents.8.Wordprocessingskillsteachinourcomputerlessons.（六）句子翻译1、这些书被他保存得很好。2、人们可以在那儿欣赏美丽的风景。3、你介意我开窗吗4、你不要一边看电视一边做作业5、屋里太暗了，因为灯还没有开Unit4一.【精选词汇】㈠重点短语1.holdamicrophone拿着麦克风→比较：Thehostcameonstagewithamicrophoneinhishand.2.Congratulations!祝贺你！congratulations在向别人表示祝贺、祝福时常用复数。(p60)3.bechosentobe/asthehostofacharityshow→bechosentobe/as…被选作…〈知识链接〉bechosentodosth被选做某事，e.g.Hepburnwaschosentoplaytheleadrole.4.fund-raisingactivitiesforcharities为慈善机构筹款的活动，advertiseontheInternet在网上做广告→advertiseonTV/inthenewspaper/inthemagazine在电视上/报纸上/杂志上做广告，organizeacharityshow组织慈善演出，sellbookstoraisemoney卖书来筹款(p61)5.giveoutleaflets发传单→give…out分发，动词＋副词结构，giveit/themout。6.returntoschool重返学校→return⑴回到returnto＋地点⑵returnsthtosb把某物归还某人〈知识链接〉⑴returnto…＝gobackto…回到…⑵returnsthtosb＝givesthbacktosb归还…①HongKongreturnedtoChinain1997.②Irememberedreturningthebooktothelibrary.7.helpprotectriversandlakesinChina帮助保护中国的河流和湖泊→help(to)dosth帮助做…8.hostacharityshow主持慈善演出，startworkingontheshow开始着手演出工作(p62)9.havealotofsupportfromlocalbusinesses得到当地企业的许多支持〈知识链接〉havesupportfromsb＝havesb’ssupport得到某人的支持，e.g.havemyparents’support.businessn.⑴企业；商行⑵事情①Mindyourownbusiness.＝It’snoneofyourbusiness.不关你的事。②onbusiness因公；公干HehasgonetoBeijingonbusiness.③businesshours营业时间〈用法拓展〉⑴bebusywithsth忙于某事⑵bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事(联想记忆：因为忙的时候人在做事，所以bebusy之后用动词的ing形式)⑶asbusyasabee极忙碌地10.performonthestage在舞台上表演→performv.→performern.表演者→performancen.表演11.onthesidedoor在侧门上，atbothsidesofthestage在舞台的两侧，inthemiddleofthestage在舞台的中间，inthefourcornersoftheschoolhall在学校礼堂的四个角落里(p67)12.designtheposter设计海报，setupthestage搭建舞台，askfriendsandfamiliestocome(p70)13.makeasentence造句→makeasentencewith…用…造句，keepsilent保持沉默，fromnowon从今以后(用于将来时)，sincethen自那时起(用于完成时)，dayandnight日日夜夜，firstofall首先；最重要的是，caremoreabout…多关注…→caremoreaboutthepeopleinneed，careonlyabout…只关心…，careabout…在乎…,关心…(p72)14.make/doaspeech演讲→freedomofspeech言论的自由(p73)㈡词汇解析1.中国的慈善机构：ProjectHope希望工程，SpringBudProject春蕾计划，ProjectGreenHope绿色希望工程，SaveChina’sTigers拯救中国虎2.TVcameras摄像机，TVstation电视台→ChineseCentralTelevisionStation＝CCTV3.rise⑴vi.上升，(太阳、月亮)升起→反义词set，e.g.①Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东升西落。②Thecurtainrose.⑵(水)涨高e.g.Theriverroseaftertherain.⑶(物价)上涨e.g.Priceshaverisensurprisingly.物价上涨得很惊人。〈用法拓展〉⑴rise→rose→risenvi.上升；升起⑵raise→raised→raisedvt.举起；升起，筹集二.【重点句型】1.Onlyifyousleeplessduringtheday.只要你白天少睡一些觉(p60)〈知识链接〉onlyif…只要…就…；只有…才…2.Therearemanywaystoraisemoneyforcharity.为慈善筹款有许多方式。3.Alotofworkneededtobefinished,soIdon’thavemuchfreetime.(p62)〈知识链接〉主语是事物时，needtobedone＝needdoing主动形式表示被动。Yourclothesaresodirty.Theyneedwashing./Theyneedtobewashed.(SeeUnit3语法详解)4.Itwasmyjobtointroduceeachstar.我的工作是介绍每一个明星。〈知识链接〉当主语是job,duty,goal,purpose,aim,dream,wish等时，动词be之后用动词不定式作表语。e.g.①Herdutyistocleanthestreet.②Hisdreamistobeanexplorer.5.Icouldn’tsleepatallthatnightbecauseIwassoexcited.‘Willitbeasuccess?’Ikeptaskingmyself.〈知识链接〉⑴not…atall根本不…；一点也不…⑵keptdoingsth反复做某事⑶beasuccess成功＝besuccessful，beabig/greatsuccess非常成功6.Notimetobenervousanymore.Thisisit!没有时间再紧张了。就这样吧！〈知识链接〉(Therebe)notimetodosth.没有时间做某事。e.g.There’snotimetohavebreakfast.7.Thefansofthepopstarsweremakingalotofnoise,soIhadtospeakloudly.〈知识链接〉⑴makealotofnoise大声吵闹→makeanoise吵闹；发出响声⑵speakloudly大声说话→readaloud朗读(动词＋副词结构)，readit/themaloud8.Everythingseemedtohappensofast,andnowitisallover.〈知识链接〉seemadj.好像；似乎⑴seem(tobe)＋形容词＝look＋形容词seem(tobe)happy⑵Sbseems/seemedtodosth.＝Itseems/seemedthatsbdosth好像/似乎某人做某事，Everythingseemedtohappensofast.＝Itseemedthateverythinghappenedsofast.⑶Itseemstomethatsbdosth.9.AlotofmoneyhasbeendonatedtoProjectGreenHope.→have/hasbeen＋过去分词〈知识链接〉donatesthtosb向…捐赠某物→sthbedonatedtosb某物被捐赠给…e.g.PeoplehavedonatedtensofmillionsofyuantoProjectHopesinceitwasfoundedin1989.10.IhopemoreeventslikethiswillbeorganizedtoraisemoneyforcharityandIthinkmorepeopleshouldbeinvitedtotakepartinthem.→moreeventslikethis更多像这样的活动〈知识链接〉⑴invitesbto..→sbbeinvitedto…应邀到某地，invitesbtodosth→sbbeinvitedtodosth应邀做某事，e.g.LastnighttheywereinvitedtoAmy’sbirthdayparty.⑵takepartin＝joinin参加→attend出席，e.g.Manyimportantpersonsattendedtheconference.11.Iwasgladtoreceiveyoure-mail.Itwasgreatfuntobeahost,wasn’tit?(p69)12.Somechildreninpoorareasdonothavemoneytogotoschool,soProjectHopepayfortheireducation.〈知识链接〉payforsth付…的款，paysomemoneyforsth买某物付…钱13.Ourclassheldameetingtotalkaboutholdingacharityshow.→hold/haveameeting开会〈知识链接〉talkaboutsb/sth讨论、谈论某人或某事，talkaboutdoingsth讨论、谈论做某事14.Wehavearrangedworkamongthestudents.我们已在同学中分配了工作。(p71)〈知识链接〉⑴arrangevt.安排；筹备→rearrangevt.重新安排；重新排列，arrange→arrangement，rearrange→rearrangement。e.g.Theyarrangedafarewellpartyfortheexchangestudents.⑵among在…中(两者以上)→between在…中(两者)e.g.①Thereisawoodenhouseamongthetrees.②Englishiswidelyusedforbusinessbetweencountries.15.Ihopethatourshowwillbeheldattheschoolhall.Ihopealotofpopstarscanbeinvitedtotheshow.〈知识链接〉⑴hope＋that引导的一般将来时或含有情态动词can的从句。⑵hopetodosth希望做某事。英语里没有hopesbtodosth，必须改为hope＋that从句。〈用法拓展〉⑴want/wishtodosth想做某事，want/wishsbtodosth想让某人做某事。⑵wish＋that从句①表示祝福、祝愿②表示不可能实现或很难实现的愿望e.g.①Iwishyouwillhavesuccessatschool.②Iwishyouahappynewyear.③IwishIwereabirdandcouldflyintheskyfreely.16.ProjectHopeisanorganizationthatraisesmoneytobuildschoolsandbuybooksforpoorstudents.(p72)〈知识链接〉画线部分是关系代词that/which引导的定语从句，该句不能省略关系代词。17.Wewouldliketothankthefollowingfortheirhelpandsupport.感谢以下(单位或个人)的帮助或支持。18.Wethinkit’simportantthatallchildrenlearntoreadandwrite.该句中的it＝that从句。(p74)19.Theirparentshavenomoney,sothechildrenhavetogotoworkinstead.这些孩子的父母没钱，所以他们得去干活。〈知识链接〉⑴instead是副词，意思是“代替，反而，却”，表示“本应做的事没有做，反而…”。e.g.Lethimgoinstead.⑵insteadof＋名词/人称代词宾格/动名词/介词短语，代替…,而不是…。①Hewasill.Ididtheworkinsteadofhim.②HespenthisfreetimechattingonlineinsteadofwatchingTV.③Thechildrenshouldgotoschoolinsteadofworkingtosupporttheirfamilies.孩子们应该上学，而不是干活养家。④ShewillgotoDalianbyshipinsteadofbyplane.20.Afterafewsongs,therewasabreak.(p75)〈知识链接〉breakn.暂停，休息(工作时的间歇)常用于：haveabreak休息一下。〈用法拓展〉⑴breakdown出故障⑵breakinto…强行闯入⑶breakout(战争、地震、火灾等)发生→Afirebrokeoutlastnight.⑷breakvi.破晓，e.g.Daybroke.天亮了。→Nightfell.天黑了.四语法A.Because：是连词，连接两个句子,解释原因B.becauseof：是介词词组，用来解释原因，后加名词、名词短语或代词C.so是连词，连接两个句子，用来表示结果。D.hope:用于表达期望的事情将来会发生而且非常可能发生。后面可加动词不定式todo,也可加句子，该句子用will/can+动原。e.g.Ihopetoseethecharityshow.Ihope(that)youwill/cancometomybirthdayparty.E.wish:用于表达期望时，期望的事情似乎不可能发生，则后面句子用过去时态，I后面的be动词一定要用were；如果期望的事情是不可实现的事情或不真实的事情，后面句子用would+动原；wish还可用于表达祝愿,用词组‘Iwishyou+名词或名词短语’。e.g.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.IwishIwereBillGates.Iwishyouahappyholiday.五典型题解析1、误：Lotsofpeoplewouldwatchtheshowbecauseofthereweremanyfamouspopstars.正：Lotsofpeoplewouldwatchtheshowbecausethereweremanyfamouspopstars.解析：becauseof后跟的是一名词或名词短语，而这儿是一个句子，连接两个句子并表示原因时应该用because2、误：IwishIcanplaybasketballlikeYaoMing.正：IwishIcouldplaybasketballlikeYaoMing.解析：wish后面从句若表示将来不可能发生的事情，要用一般过去时。3、误：HehopesmetohelphimwithhisEnglish.正：HehopesthatIcanhelphimwithhisEnglish.HewishesmetohelphimwithhisEnglish.解析：hope后面不可以跟人再跟动作，他只能跟动词不定式todo;若一定要加跟人，那可以将这个人变成一主语，即在hope后面跟一个句子；另外一种办法是把hope改成wish，因为wish后面既可跟人也可跟动作。六巩固练习（一）用所给词的适当形式填空1.Theyarethe___________(organize)oftonight’scharityactivities.2.Thehostofthepartyhadtospeak___________(loud)becauseofthenoisypeople.3.Thefootball____________(break)becauseoftheincident(事故).4.Wearethefaithful(忠实的)_____________(fan)forYaoMing.5.Itisabit___________(warm)thanyesterday.6.Wecan’tmakea____________(decide)becauseofthebadweather.7.Letustrytoraisemoremoneyby___________(organize)acharityshow.（二）单项选择()1.Heseems________todayforhehaspassedtheexam.A.tohappyB.beunhappyC.happyD.happily()2.Thepresidentofthemeeting_______documentstoeachmember.A.givesupB.givesinC.givesoutD.givesoff()3.MrLiwasill,soMrZhangtookhislesson_______him.A.ofB.toC.insteadD.insteadof()4.Th