高中英语北师大版Unit21HumanBiology 第二十一单元过关检测

第二十一单元过关检测(时间:90分钟分值:120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共12小题;每小题分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。A导学号53110058DoctorsinBritainarewarningofanobesitytimebomb,whenchildrenwhoarealreadyoverweightgrow,whatshouldwedo?Exercisemore?Eatless?Orboth?Thegovernmentfeelsithastotakeresponsibilityforthisexpandingproblem.ThecheerfulMrPickwick,theheroofthenovelbyCharlesDickens,isseeninillustrationsassomeonewhoisplumpandthe18thcenturypaintings,beautyisequated(使……等同)withroundedbodiesandsoftnowadaysbeingoverweightisseenasindicatingneitheracheerfulcharacternorbeautybutanincreasedriskofheartdisease,strokeanddiabetes.Sowhatdoyoudo?Diet?No,accordingtoEngland’schiefmedicalofficer,SirLiamDonaldson,physicalactivityisthekeytoreducingtherisksofobesity,cancerandhearttheHealthSecretaryJohnReidevensaidthatbeinginactiveisasseriousariskfactorinheartdiseaseassmoking.So,havingboughtsomecrosstrainers,howmuchexerciseshouldyoudo?AccordingtoSirLiamDonaldson,atleast30minutesofmoderateactivityfivedaysagoingtothegymtheanswer?Luckilyforthosewhothinkthatrunningmachinesareboring,theHealthDevelopmentAgencybelievesthatphysicalactivitythatfitsintopeople’slivesmaybemoresuggesttakingthestairsratherthanthelift,walkingupescalators,playingactivegameswithyourchildren,dancingoraccordingtoasportspsychologist,ProfessorBiddle,gyms“arenotmakingthenationfit”,andmayevencauseharm.

There’snewscientificevidencethattoomuchexercisemayactuallybebadforattheUniversityofUlsterhavefoundthatunsuitableexercisereleasesdangerousfreeradicalsthatcanadversely(oppositely)affectnormalonlypeoplewhoshouldpushtheirbodiestothatlevelofexerciseonaregularbasisaretrainedathletes.So,shouldweforgetaboutgymandfollowsomeexperts’advicetoreducesedentary(久坐不动的)activityandincreaseexerciseinourdailylife?Afterall,gettingoffthebusstopearlyandwalkingtherestofthewaycan’tdoanyharm!Onefinalthought:Howcomepastgenerationslackedgymfacilitiesbutwereleanerandfitterthanpeopletoday?Pickwickandthepaintingsofthe18thcenturyareusedasexamplestoshowthat.

shouldbeoverweightfatmanisusuallyacheerfulcharacterwasconsideredsomethinggoodatonetimeleadstoanincreasedriskofdisease提示:细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“ThecheerfulMrPickwick,theheroofthenovelbyCharlesDickens,isseeninillustrationsassomeonewhoisplumpandhappy.”可知胖曾被认为是幸福的。故C项正确。答案:CtoSirLiamDonaldson,weshould.

onadietregularphysicalactivityupsmokingtothegym提示:细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“AccordingtoSirLiamDonaldson,atleast30minutesofmoderateactivityfivedaysaweek.”可知要进行有规律的体育活动。故B项正确。答案:Bunderlinedphrase“crosstrainers”probablyrefersto.

whohelpyoudoexercisewhereyoucandoexerciseequipmentkindoffood提示:词义推测题。根据本句后面的“howmuchexerciseshouldyoudo?”可以推测crosstrainers为健身器材。故C项正确。答案:Cisthepassagemainlyabout?tokeepfitandavoidfatness.risksforoverweightpeople.dangersofexerciseinthegym.benefitofabalanceddiet.提示:主旨大意题。本文主要讲述越来越严重的肥胖问题,以及怎么解决肥胖问题,故A项正确。答案:AB导学号53110059Everyonewantstohaveahealthy,heartdiseasesaffectmorethan1in3adultsintheUnitedgoodnewsisthatsomesimple,everydayhabitscanmakeabigdifferenceinyourabilitytoliveahealthyaresomeworsthabitsforyourheart,andhowtoavoidthem.WatchingTVSittingforhoursonendincreasesyourriskofheartattackandstroke(中风).“Someexercisedoesn’tmakeupforthetimeyousit,”saysHarmony,Why?ThelackofmovementmayaffectbloodlevelsoffatsandReynoldsadviseswalkingaroundregularlyand,ifyou’reatwork,standinguptotalkonthephone.LeavinghostilityanddepressionuncheckedAreyoufeelingstressedorsad?Itcandoharmtoyoureveryonefeelsthiswaysomeofthetime,howyouhandletheseemotionscanaffectyourhearthealth.“Thosewithstressareingreaterdanger;researchhasshownlaughterandsocialsupportarehelpful,”DrReynoldssays.“Andit’shelpfultobeabletogotosomeoneandtalkaboutyourproblems.”CuttingofffromtheworldIt’snosecretthatonsomedays,otherhumanbeingscanseemannoyingandtoodifficulttogetalongwith.However,itmakessensetostrengthenyourconnectionstotheonesyouactuallywithstrongerconnectionstofamily,friends,andsocietyingeneraltendtolivealonger,healthierlife.Everyoneneedsalonetime,butyoushouldstillreachouttoothersandkeepintouchwheneveryoucan.Drinking(toomuch)alcoholSure,studiessuggestasmallamountofalcoholmaybegoodforyour,toomanyofusdrinkmuchalcoholislinkedtoagreatriskofhighbloodpressure,highlevelsofbloodfats,andheartfailure.TVforalongtimemay.

youliveahealthylifetoheartattackupforthetimeyousityoufeelstressed提示:细节理解题。根据第二段的“Sittingforhoursonendincreasesyourriskofheartattackandstroke(中风)”可推知B项正确。答案:Bofthefollowingisbadforthosewithstressandsadness?alot.abouttheirownproblems.socialsupport.theseemotionsalone.提示:细节理解题。根据第二个黑标题的内容可以找到对应的选项D。答案:Dyouwantalonghealthylife,youshould.

offfromtheworldalongwellwithothersaloneasmuchaspossiblenoalcohol提示:细节推断题。根据第三个黑标题下的内容“Peoplewithstrongerconnectionstofamily,friends,andsocietyingeneraltendtolivealonger,healthierlife.”可知选B项。答案:Bthepassagewecaninferthat.

everydayhabitscanhelpavoidheartattackuptotalkonthephoneisnotagoodidea’seasytostrengthenyourconnectionstoothersmuchalcoholisnotlinkedtoheartfailure提示:推理判断题。根据第一段的主题内容直接推断选A项。根据“...ifyou’reatwork,standinguptotalkonthephone.”推断B项错误。根据第四个黑标题部分的句子“Toomuchalcoholislinkedtoagreatriskofhighbloodpressure”排除D选项。答案:AC导学号53110060(2023全国甲卷)Readingcanbeasocialofthepeoplewhobelongtobookchoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscuss,thewebsiteturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethethepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyoucombinesboth.”Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeefindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.PeoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenPedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real”andnotthevirtual(虚拟).Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.doestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?roduceBookCrossing.stresstheimportanceofreading.encouragereaderstosharetheirideas.提示:推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Now,thewebsiteturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.”可知,现如今这个称之为的网站推翻了人们传统观念中的“读书会”的概念。由此引出下文对这一网站的介绍。故此处提及bookgroups是为了引出话题。因此B项正确。答案:Bdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?book.adventure.publicplace.identificationnumber.提示:代词指代题。根据文章第二段最后一句可以得知,此人将书放于一公众场所,盼着它能有一番奇遇,随着发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。因此此处it指代上文提到的thebook。答案:AwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?otherreaderstodiscussit.itsafeinhisbookcase.itontoanotherreader.itbacktoitsowner.提示:推理判断题。根据文章第二段及第四、五段可知,这些书会放在一些公共场所,发现者要将信息上传至网站,以便人们及时掌握这些书籍的动向。因此可以得知,当人们阅读完后,会将其传给其他人,故选C项。答案:Cisthebesttitleforthetext?Reading:AVirtualTourBooks:ANewTrendBookGroupBringsTraditionBackWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks提示:主旨大意题。根据文章内容可以得知,本文主要介绍了一个图书分享网站,故只有D项最合适。A项表示“网上阅读”,virtual为错误信息;B项表示“电子书”,electronic为错误信息;C项表示“带回传统”,abookgroup为错误信息。答案:D第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。导学号53110061Everydayhasjust24hours—andthisappliestoallpeopleareconstantlypushedforarticleisabouthowwecanlearntomanageourvaluabletimemoreeffectively.Inrealitywecannotmanagecanonlymanageourselvesandourrelationshipwithtime.13Andhabitsarenotthateasytochange.

Belowthereareseventipsthatcanhelpyoumanageyourtimebetter.Organizeyourgoals.Organizeyourgoalsbasedontwocriteria:degreeofurgencyandimportance:bedonetoday,tomorrow,bedoneat“thatdate”.beputoffforsomanyasksomeoneelsetodoit.14

Cleanupyourlist.Makealistofeverythingyouthinkthatisnothelpingorbenefitingyouanddonotdothem!Focusononegoal.Concentrateonlyononegoalata,whiledealingwithsomethingyouthinkyoucandoitlater,mostlikelyyouwillgetboredanddisappointed.15Theboredom(厌倦)isguaranteedwiththiswayofthinking.

Identifyyourdeadlines.16Dividetheactivitiesintoperday/weekandlong-termgoalstogetaclearpictureofwhatyouhavetodoandwhen.

Findsuitableworkenvironment.17

Berealistic.Makesurethatyourgoalsarerealisticanddonottrytheimpossible.Say“NO”.Learntosay“No”tootheractivities,requestsandpeoplewhooccupyyourtime(unlessindeedatthatverymomentitisnecessaryforyoutohelpthem).timetoadjustyourlistifnecessary.all,howwemakefulluseofourtimeislargelyamatterofhabit.asuitableenvironmenttowork,anizingyourgoals,startwiththemostimportantandurgent.islikeeverytimeyoueatyouthinkaboutallthemealsyoumusteatinyourlife.notletboredomdiscourageyouifwhatyouhavetocompleteisboring.答案:13~17BEFDC第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThePlatformShoe导学号53110062Jameswasacuriousyounghewent,helikedtoobservethingsandto18people,whattheydid,andwhattheywore.19hewasmakingsudden20allthecouldn’treallyhelpit,anditjusthappened.

Forexample,hesawaman21bodywascoveredintattoos(文身).Thatmanwas22andwalkedwithimaginedhim23peopleup,sometimeswithpolesandsometimeswithhishands,speaking24wordseachtimeheopenedhismouth.

SometimesJamesfeltguiltyfor25othersthisway,butthatfeelingwas26andneverreallylasted.

Then,onetime,hesawawoman27aloneinawomanwasmiddle-aged,quitefat,andalthoughshewasnot28,Jamescouldtellshewasashortusual,Jamesglancedacrossathiseyesreachedher29,hegotashock.

Thereshewas,onherleftfoot,wearinga30shoethatwasatleast3inchescouldsuchalittlemiddle-agedladywhowas31besovainastowearsuchhighplatforms?Look32?Inthatshortmomentoftime,33thoughtsflowedthroughJames’mind.

Asecondlater,James’eyes34movedacrosstothelady’srightthere,hegotanevenbigger35—itwasaflatwasnotvain;shewasjustadisabledanything,shedeserved36,certainlynotblame,notevenmentalblame.

Jameswasstruckwithgreat37.Itwasacruellessonhehadtolearnaboutnotjumpingtoconclusions,aboutnotjudgingpeople,especiallysoquickly.

提示:根据第一句信息“Jameswasacuriousyoungman.”詹姆斯是一个有好奇心的年轻人,推断出:无论他走到哪儿,他喜欢观察事物观察人。watch指“注意,观察”。答案:B 提示:根据第二段的例子可知:因为詹姆斯喜欢观察事物观察人,会不由自主地对所见到的人与事进行判断。结合常理:这种习惯应该是逐渐养成的。答案:A 提示:第二段的例子可知:詹姆斯会不由自主地对所见到的人与事进行判断。makesuddenjudgments为固定词组,意为“做出突然的判断”。答案:C 提示:分析后文“...bodywascoveredintattoos.”可知此处应为定语从句的引导词,且在从句中做定语,故填whose。答案:C 提示:后文信息词“...walkedwithpride.”此人走路充满自豪感表明此人身体强壮,以此自豪。答案:D 提示:后文语境“...withpolesandsometimeswithhishands...”可知:此人有时用杆子或手打人。答案:C 提示:因为詹姆斯此时推测此人是坏人,所以此处指那人一张口就说脏话。答案:C 提示:语境:有时,詹姆斯会因为这样判断人而感到内疚。与第一段第三个空“judgments”相呼应。答案:B 提示:but表明这种内疚只是暂时的,从来没有真正地长期存在过。答案:A 提示:后文地点是酒吧,表明这位女士在饮酒。答案:B 提示:常识:在酒吧里通常坐着喝酒。此处指女士虽然坐着,詹姆斯仍然判断出她很矮。答案:B 提示:根据下段信息“Thereshewas,onherleftfoot...”可知詹姆斯此时在观察女士的脚。答案:A 提示:后文语境:女士穿着至少3英寸的高跟鞋,而且31空后有“platforms”提示词。答案:C 提示:从当时詹姆斯的观察:中年女士又胖又矮,自然属于普通人,平凡人。common“普遍的”;usual“通常的”;normal“正常的”;ordinary“平凡的,普通的”。答案:D 提示:常识:女士穿高跟鞋的目的一般是为了看起来漂亮。答案:D 提示:语境:詹姆斯当时认为相貌平平的中年女士为了虚荣而穿很高的高跟鞋。所以他的心里闪现出责备的想法。答案:B 提示:这是詹姆斯自然而然的观察习惯。答案:A 提示:后文信息“...itwasaflatshoe.”另一只鞋子竟然是平跟鞋。这种情况当然会让詹姆斯震惊。答案:D 提示:上文信息“...shewasjustadisabledwoman.”可知:女士穿高跟鞋不是为了虚荣,而是因为残疾,她应该得到同情。答案:C 提示:语境:詹姆斯为刚才的贸然下结论而感到深深的内疚。答案:B第二节(共10小题;每小题分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。导学号53110063Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI38.(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforeIdidn’tfewhours39.,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with40.(it)choking,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.

I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver41.arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese42.(painting).Instead,I’dheadedstraightforthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway43.carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.

Yangshuo44.(be)reallystudyoftravelers45.(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsinthethetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeoplein&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit46.(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople47.(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.

答案:earlierwhichwholive第三部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。导学号53110064MynameisMartyhaveamuscledisease,whichmakemesoweakthatsometimesIamclumsyanddropthingsorbumpinto,evenaftermuchmedicaltests,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowhowthefutureeducationsufferedalotinmyprimaryschoolbutnow,athighschool,mylifeisalotofeasierbecausemyfellowstudentshaveacceptedinallIhaveagoodlife.InmanywaysmydisabilityhashelpedmegrowstrongerpsychologicalandbecomemoreIhadachancetosayonethingtohealthychildren,itwillbethis:Don’tfeelsorryfortheacceptthemforwhattheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfulllifeasyoudo.答案:M