颅骨与其连结

颅骨与其连结LocomotorSystem2Thebonyframeworkofthehead,termedtheskull(cranium)presentsthemostcomplexstructureoftheskeleton.一、颅的组成（一）脑颅cranialbones共23块（听小骨未计入）以眶上缘和外耳门上缘为界分脑颅和面颅两部。不成对的：额骨筛骨蝶骨枕骨成对的：颞骨顶骨LocomotorSystem4bonesoftheskullbonesofthefaceabovetheorbitsbelowtheearsbaseoftheskullLocomotorSystem5筛骨ethmoidbone筛板垂直板筛骨迷路蝶骨sphenoidbone小翼、大翼、翼突、体前面观体小翼大翼翼突眶上裂蝶窦口颞骨temporalboneLocomotorSystem9额骨frontalbone额鳞眶部鼻部LocomotorSystem10枕骨occipitalbone（二）面颅facialbones(内脏颅visceralcranium)共15块。不成对的：犁骨下颌骨舌骨成对的：上颌骨腭骨颧骨鼻骨泪骨下鼻甲LocomotorSystem12frontalbonezygomaticbone(formstheprominenceofthecheek)sphenoidbonemaxilla(holdstheupperteeth)foraminaforsensorynerveofthemid-face下颌骨mandible一体两支：

下颌体、下颌支、下颌角、冠突、髁突、下颌头、下颌颈、咬肌粗隆、翼肌粗隆、颏棘、颏隆凸、颏孔、下颌孔LocomotorSystem14mandibleneckofcondylecoronoidprocessramusanglebodymentalprocess(chin)FRACTURESOFTHEMANDIBLE舌骨hyoidbone大角小角体上颌骨maxilla一体四突：上颌体、颧突、腭突、牙槽突、额突(三）颅的整体观颅前面观眶骨性鼻腔骨性口腔LocomotorSystem18frontalbonezygomaticbone(formstheprominenceofthecheek)sphenoidbonemaxilla(holdstheupperteeth)foraminaforsensorynerveofthemid-face眶上孔眶下孔视神经管眶上裂眶下裂眶下沟左侧眶:四壁一尖左侧骨性鼻腔外侧壁蝶窦筛窦额窦上颌窦上鼻甲下鼻甲额窦蝶窦（右侧）筛窦蝶窦（左侧）上颌窦下鼻甲左侧鼻旁窦2.颅侧面观翼点pterionLocomotorSystem23frontalparietaltemporalsphenoidLocomotorSystem24themiddlemeningealarteryLateralskullradiographshowingthevascularmarkingsofthemiddlemeningealarteryLocomotorSystem25frontalboneparietalboneoccipitalbonetemporalbonemastoidprocessstyloidprocesszygomaticprocessexternalauditorymeatus(soundwaves)sphenoidbonecoronalsutureTheSkull–LeftLateralView3.颅顶面观冠状缝矢状缝人字缝顶结节4.颅后面观枕外隆凸矢状缝人字缝顶结节LocomotorSystem28occipitalboneparietalboneparietalbonemastoidprocessofthetemporalbonemastoidprocessofthetemporalbonesagittalsutureTheSkull–PosteriorView5.颅下面观LocomotorSystem30occipitalbonetemporalbonetemporalbonesphenoidbone(wedge-shaped)bonesoftheface–inferiorviewbonesoftheskull-inferiorviewLocomotorSystem31occipitalcondylesoccipitalbone(articulatewithvertebraC1)foramenmagnum(transmitsspinalcord)LocomotorSystem32颅底内面颅前窝：鸡冠、筛孔颅中窝：垂体窝、视神经管颈动脉沟、破裂孔眶上裂、圆孔、卵圆孔、棘孔、三叉神经压迹颅后窝：斜坡、枕骨大孔内耳门、颈静脉孔舌下神经管内口（四）新生儿颅骨的特征脑颅比面颅大得多，为7:1，而成人为3:1颅囟cranialfortanelles：前囟（额囟）、后囟（枕囟）、