高中英语情态动词详解

高中英语情态动词详解

常用的情态动词can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）mustdare（dared）needhavetooughttobeabletousedtoThefeatures（特点)ofthemodalverbs:

1.情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全.2.不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语.

3.情态动词没有人称和数的变化(除“haveto”).4.没有不定式、V-ing、V-ed形式.

Hecan/could/must/may/might/shall/should/need/dare/dared/will/would/oughtto/usedto+workinthatfactory.Hehastogohomenow.Hehadtolookafterhissickmother.在情态动词的使用中,我们要注意以下考点:1.情态动词的基本用法。2.情态动词表推测的用法。3.情态动词+havedone的用法。

1.表“能力”

can,could的用法Ican/amableto

swim.Icould/wasableto

climbatreewhenIwasachild.Iwillbeableto

swimnextweek.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasableto

getout.1.can表示现在的能力2.could表示过去的能力3.beableto表能力，可用于多种时态4.beableto强调成功地做了某事2.表“请求,许可”could用来表示请求的时候比can更委婉CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.CouldIuseyourbike?—

CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou____．

A.might

B.willC.can

D.should3.表“可能性”can,could用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，“经验之谈”Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.can,could用在疑问句中表推测,表示可能性

Canshebeintheclassroom?can,could用在否定句中表推测，翻译成“不可能”Wethoughtthestorycouldn’tbetrue.1.Mary____beinParis，forIsawherinthetownonlyafewminutesago．A．mustn'tB．can'tC．shouldn'tD．maynot2.MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where

____Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would1.表“询问”(might比用may更客气.)

MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)MayIborrowyourbook?may与might用法—MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?—________.A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please.C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’t注意：mayI…?的答语.肯定:Yes,youmay.否定:No,youmustn’t(语气强硬)No,youmaynot.

或No,you’d

better

not.2.表“许可”YoumaytaketheboythereHesaidthatImightusehistelephone.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you________.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.could3.表推测，表示主观上的推测，“可能，也许”，不用于疑问句,might比may的可能性更小Shemaynotlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplace.Peter＿＿＿＿comewithustonight，butheisn’tverysureyet．A．mustB．mayC．canD．will1.must表示主观上的必须，应该，没有时态变化。YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.注意:—MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?—Yes,youmust.

—No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.must的用法“必须、不得不”must表示的是说话人的主观看法。haveto表示的是客观需要。（是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。）Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.注意：1.haveto的否定形式don’thaveto表示不必。2.haveto可用于多种时态中。

1.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you___takecareofyourluggage.

A.canB.mayC.mustD.will2.—Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?

—Yes,he

_______.A.need

B.must

C.may

D.will

2.must表示肯定的推测。Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.Lookathisnewcar.He______havealotofmoney.A.shouldB.shallC.mayD.must3.must表示“一定要”、“坚持”“偏要”、“偏偏”。表示与说话人的愿望相反.Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittillthestormisover．Mustyoumakesomuchnoise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？—MayIsmokehere?

—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.

A.should

B.could

C.may

D.must4.mustn’t表示禁止做某事。Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithmatches.A.wouldn't

B.needn't

C.mustn't

D.daren't

shall作助动词，用于第一人称，表示将来，should是shall的过去式

WeshallstartforBeijingtomorrow.shall作情态动词1：用于第一人称和第三人称，表示征求对方意见或请求指示

Shallwebeginourlesson?

ShallI/shesithere?

shall与should用法--Sir,____hegoorstay?--Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.could2:shall用于第二、三人称，表示允诺、警告、威胁、命令、决心等。

Youshallhaveanicepresentforyourbirthday.

Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone.

Whenhecomesinnobodyshallsayaword.

Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(允诺)(允)(警告)(命令)(决心)1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You___havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’t3).shall用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“Theinterest（利益）___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall1.should=oughtto表示劝告，建议，意为“应该”，oughtto语气更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做”A:I’llstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyoushouldstarttoday.C:No,yououghttostartatonce.(语气更强）should/oughtto的否定形式表示“不应该”Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.willB.wouldC.shouldD.mustWhattimeoughtI_______?A．arrivedB．arrivingC．arriveD．toarriveHe_______speaktohismotherlikethat.A．oughtnottoB．doesn’toughttoC．notoughttoD．oughttonot2.

should

可表示说话人的感情如“惊奇”“愤怒”“失望”“不满”等.翻译为“竟然，居然”I

don’t

believe

that

the

little

girl

should

speak

two

different

languages!我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！Ican’tbelievemyeyes.Suchwell-educatedgentleman____behavelikethis!wouldB.shouldC.canD.must3.should表推测,意为“可能；该”,相当于beexpectedto。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述，语气上不如must强。Mr.Blackmustbehomebynow.Mr.Blackoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.布莱克先生现在一定到家了。（肯定）布莱克先生估计是到家了。（不能肯定）2.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They______bereadyby12：00．

A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need3.It’snearlyseveno’clock．Jack_____behereatanymoment．

A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can1.—WillMr.Wangofferusahand?—He______begladto．Heneverrefusedourrequest．

A．canB．mustC．mayD．should

1.

will

作情态动词用时在陈述句中可用各人称作主语,表示其“意志”“意愿”“决心”等.

Iwillneverdothatagain.Iwillgiveupsmoking.—Don’tforgettobringmynewbookstomorrowafternoon.—No,I＿＿＿＿＿＿.A.don’tB.can’tC.won’tD.couldn’twill和would的用法2.will

在疑问句中用第二人称作主语,表示说话人向对方提出请示或询问.不如would委婉Will/Wouldyoupassmethebook?Willhepayforme?Wouldyouliketocomewithus?3.will

有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规律.(表示习惯,经常性,倾向性)惯于,总是(会),终归是。Boyswillbeboys.男孩终归是男孩。Matcheswillnotstrikeiftheyaredamp.火柴潮湿就擦不着。Thedoor_______open.这门经常打不开。won’twould

可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”“愿望”和‘决心”.2.

would表示说话人本身的“意志”或向对方提出“请求’.

3.would

还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作.Heusedtotakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.（现在可能散步也可能不散步了）usedto表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。Hewouldtakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.（而现在不散步了）Ronald______stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare(need)+S+VS+daren’t(needn’t)+VIdaren’twalkthroughtheforestatnight.Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?Youneedn’treturnthebooknow.Needhedoitallatonce?可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare

dare,need的用法2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中,

有人称、时态、和数的变化Heneedstogotherehimself.Hehasgrownup,wedon’tneedtoworryabouthim.3.Sth(sb)need(want,require)+doing/tobedone

Thehouseneedscleaning/tobecleanedTheboyneedssendingtothehospitalatonce.句型时态情态动词dare实义动词dare肯定句现在时daredodare/darestodo过去时dareddodaredtodo否定句现在时daren’t/darenotdodo/doesnotdare(to)do过去时darednotdodidnotdare(to)do疑问句

现在时Darehedo?Doyou/Doeshedare(to)do?过去时Daredhedo?Didhedare(to)do

1.Iwonderhowhe____thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay2.Iwonderhowshe

thedrunkensailortheotherday.

A.darefightingoff

B.daredfightoff

C.daretofightoff

D.daredfightingoff3.Thedog

hibernate(冬眠)inwinter.

A.don'tneed

B.doesn'tneedto

C.needsnotto

D.needsnot注意对need问句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thavetoneedn’t对其它情态动词的回答:--ShallItellJohnaboutit?--No,you__________.

--Mustwedoitnow?--No,you__________.

needn’t(don’thaveto)needn’t(don’thaveto)二、情态动词表推测1.肯定的推测一般用must,should,may（might）或could（不用can），其中，________的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；_________的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；____________________的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。mustshouldmay（might），could①----AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?----I’mnotsure.I___gototheconcertinstead.A.must B.would C.should D.might②---Hi,tom.Anyideawhere

Jane

is?—She_______intheclassroom.Isawherjustnow.A.shallbe B.willbe C.mustbe D.canbe③Accordingtothespeed,thecar________arriveatShanghaibeforeitgetsdark.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.need注：can有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如：Evenexperiencedteacherscanmakemistakes.____________________________________________Shecanbeveryunpleasant.____________________________________________Foodpoisoningcancausedeath._______________________________________即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。她有时很令人讨厌。食物中毒可导致死亡。Readandtranslate:ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_____berathercoldsometime.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.wouldPeter______bereallydifficulttodealwithattimeseventhoughheisanicepersoningeneral.A.shall B.should C.canD.mustattimes:有时；偶尔2.否定推测分为两种情况：

1）语气不是很肯定时，常用maynot,mightnot，译为____________________2）否定语气较强时，则用__________，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，可能不、也许不can’tMalecustomers_______notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.must B.shall C.mayD.need—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,it_______behimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot3.疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How______itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony？A.can B.shouldC.may D.must4.对已发生事情的推测。

肯定推测常用“must,may,might+完成式”；否定和疑问推测常用“can,

could

，may,might+完成式”。

musthavedone:________________can't/couldn’thavedone:_________________may/mighthavedone:________________想必一定做了某事不可能做了某事可能/或许已经①—Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.—Great!You______readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.

A.must B.should C.musthave

D.shouldhave②MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where________Ihaveputit?A.can B.must C.should D.would③–Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.--You__havelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would1.must+have+过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。

三情态动词+have+P.P.Hemusthavetoldmyparentsaboutit.

他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。It'ssixo'clockalready,wemusthavebeenlateagain.

已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了2.can’t/couldn’t+have+P.P表示对过去某事的否定猜测Hecouldn’thavebeentothattown.3.may(might)+have+P.P,表示对过去事情的猜测,认为某事“可能”发生.(might比may更含蓄,或更不肯定.)Hemay(might)haveplayedelectricgameonTVthewholenight.Forhelooksverysleepy.could+have+P.Pa.表示本来能做得到,但事实上未做到Hecouldhavefinishedthetaskontime,buttheheavysnowcame.can/could

+have+P.Pb.表示对过去事情的推测(只用于疑问句)Hedidn’tcomebacklastnight.Whatcouldhavehappenedtohim.4.should/oughtto+have+P.P.→过去本该做，而事实上却没有做，表“责备”或“惋惜”

shouldnot/oughtnotto+have+P.P.→过去本不该做，而事实上却做了，表“责备”或“惋惜”Theplantisdead.Ishouldhavegivenitmorewater.Youshouldnothaveleftyourbabyaloneinthehouse.5.needn’t+have+P.P.表示本来不必做，但做了.Sheneednothaveattendthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.(她昨天本不必参加会议，可她参加了.)1.Theriverisrising.It________lastnight.mustberaining

B.mustrainC.mighthaverainedD.musthaverained2.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen3.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen4.You

yesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.

A.oughttocome

B.oughttobecoming

C.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecome5.You______alltheseboxesyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.A.didn’tneedtocarry

B.needn’thavecarriedC.needn’tcarry

D.didn’tneedcarry6.Mr.White___at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving7.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You___herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldPractice1.Helen_______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn'tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can2.----I'vetakensomeoneelse'sgreensweaterbymistake.----It______Harry's.Healwayswearsgreen.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn'tbeD.couldbe3.Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers_____notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need4.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry______beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.A.mustB.mayC.canD.need5."Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,"declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall6.I______payTomavisit,butI'mnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could7.----Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.----You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn't8.----Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.----You________havemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.A.shan'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.shouldn't9.----Excuseme.IsthattherightwaytotheSummerPalace?----Sorry,I'mnotsure,butit______be.A.mightB.willC.mustD.can10.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can11.You________betired-you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot12.----Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?----Well,ifyou______know,hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall13.There________beanydiffic