高中英语语法之名词性从句

高中英语语法之名词性从句一、名词性从句之---主语从句1.主语从句：相当于主语的句子Whowillgomakesnodifference.Whathesaidisnottrue.Whetherhecomesornotisuncertain.Whetherwewillgoforapicnictomorrowdependsontheweather.Thatthewoodedsoldierisstillaliveisawonder.2.引导主语从句的词：连词：that,whether连接代词：what(ever),who(ever),which(ever)，whose,

连接副词：when,where,how,why充当主语/宾语/定语等起连接作用不充当成分充当状语表时间、地点、方式、原因Whenyourunclewillarrivewasnotmentionedinhisletter.Wherethepainterisfromisunknowntousall.Howwe’llsolvetheproblemshouldbediscussedagainWhyyouwenttherealonemustbeexplainedtous.连接副词：when,where,how,why引导的主语从句3.it做形式主语ThatweshouldmasterEnglishwellisimportant.ItisimportantthatweshouldmasterEnglishwell.Whowillbesenttothefronthasn’tbeendecidedyet.Ithasn’tbeendecidedyetwhowillbesenttothefront.常见的固定句型：It的用法:(形式主语)It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reported…that...据说/据报道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已经通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…看似/显然/碰巧..It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsayingthat…(俗话说)

It

+be+adj(important/essential/natural/necessary)+thatsb.shoulddosth.It+be+adj(amazing/clear/certain…)+that从句Itiscertainthatwewilldoagoodjob.Itisveryclearthatweshouldleave.B.

It+be+n(

apity/afact/agoodidea/anhonor/amystery/apleasure/ashame/awonder/achallenge…)

+that从句Itisstillamysteryhowtheprisonerescaped.Itisstillaquestionwhetherwecangothere.It’snowonderthathewinthegame.C.it+be+

(known/said/reported/believed/suggested/stressed…)

+that/wh-从句Itisknowntoallthatheartattackisterrible.Itisreportedthathehaswonthebet.以上三种句型表建议，要求，责任，义务，或愿望从句谓语常用should+do,should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatyou(should)takeit.Itisnecessarythatyoushouldstop.D.It+happened(occurto/seem/matter/appear…)+that/wh-clauseIthappenedthatIwaslateforschool.Itmatterswhetherhewillacceptourinvitation.1、宾语从句宾语从句的引导词宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether连接代词who，whose，what，which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever连接副词when，where，how(以及how构成的词组)，why等。二、宾语从句TheObjectClause1.Ihear(that)___________.(一小时后会回来)2.Hesaid(that)___________.(他非常想我们)3.Theteachertoldus(that)_____________.

(地球围绕太阳转）宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,

第二个从句起that引导词不能省；当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。

1.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.2.Thereasonliesin

thatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.3.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2.由从属连词if/whether引导的宾从Iwanttoknow_____________________（他是否和我们一起去公园）Askhim_______________（他是否能来）

Idon’tknow______________（是否要下雨）if/wetherhewillgototheparkwithusif/wetherhecancomeWetheritisgoingtorainornotwhetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if练一练:if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow_______togo.5.Hedoesn’tcare________itisn’tafineday.if/

whetherwhetherwhetherwhether注：1.表示“是否”后接动词不定式时用whether(whethertodosth.)2.宾语从句是否定句时一般用if引导if3.由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导的宾从Heasked_________________？（谁能回答这个问题）Doyouknow_________________？（他们在等谁）Heasked_____________________？

（谁的书法是班上最好的）Pleasetell___________________.（我们什么时候开会）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameeting?Canyoutellme______________（他在哪儿）Couldyoutellme______________（怎样到达车站）Wouldyoutellme_______________（火车为什么晚点）whereheishowIcangettothestation?whythetrainwaslate?注：因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。4.带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句1.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?2.Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?3.Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?4.Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.5.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool.6.Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?5.“疑问词+ever”whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever引导宾语从句I’llshowyouwhateveryouwanttosee.Helikestomakesfriendswithwhoevershareshisinterest.二、注意正确使用时态如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句时态不受限制

Ihearheisheretoday/hewashereyesterday/hewillbeheretomorrow.2.如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时态的某种形式。

HesaidhewaswatchingTV/hehadsweptthefloor/hewouldplayfootballafterschool.3.如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在时。

Everyoneansweredtherearesixtyminutesinanhour.1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play).basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)

will

be

goes

wereplaying

havereturned

hadbeen三、注意否定的转移:主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上Idon’tthinkthatthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。Idon’tsupposethatitistrue.我认为那不是真的。一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?一Ibelieveso.我认为会这样。Idon'tbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)我认为不会这样。Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idon’tdoubt

thatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubt

thathediditonhisown?四、doubt问题肯定句中用if/whether否定句中用that

疑问句中用that1.Idoubt_________heistellingthetruth.2.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.3.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustralia?4.I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.

if/whether

that

that

if/whether1.表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。Thequestioniswhowilldoit.系动词表语从句2.（系动词）+引导词+简单句

WhatIwanttosayisthatIamtired.引导词表语从句三、PredicativeClauses表语从句连接词:that/whether(

if不引导表语从句)/asif/asthough连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词:when/where/why/how/becauseThequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.That’swhyIwaslate.注意：在表语从句中,表“是否”时,只能用“whether”

不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause…Itis/waswhy…4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat…5.Thereasonisbecause/why…that….3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

1)可接表从的连系动词有be（is,am,are,was,were）,look,seem,sound,appear等。

Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.

Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightword.

Itseemsthathewaslateforthetrain.

Itappearsthatshewaswrong.

2)because,why引导的表语从句

That‘sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.

(That'sbecause...强调原因)

That'swhyhegotangrywithme.

(That'swhy...强调结果)

ThereasonwhyIwassadwasthathedidn'tunderstandme.

3）wh-疑问词引导表语从句

Myquestioniswholeft.

WhatIwonderiswhenheleft.

That'swhathewants.

Thisiswheretheyoncelived.

Thatiswhyhedidn'tcomehere.使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、命令、要求、计划等含义的名词（常见的词有：advice,suggestion,order,request,plan,idea等）后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可以省略。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.1.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.3.WordcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.4.Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.ThenewsideaWordthequestion观察下列句子划红线的部分。四、同位语从句

1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明名词的具体内容。3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion…4.连接词that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how连接词that引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用,不可省略.Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国.Thereisnodoubtthatthepricesofcarswillgodown.只用whether引导,不用if，而且whether不充当成分。这个问题是否正确还未被证实.Theproblem________isrighthasn’tbeenproved.连接词whether引导的同位语从句whether连接词代词what/which/who引导的同位语从句1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个.1.Thequestion_____shouldgoabroadhasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.Ihavenoidea______oneIshouldchoose.whichwho(定语)(主)在从句中充当成分连接词副词when/where/why/how引导的同位语从句1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2.我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.I’vegotagoodidea_____theyleftearly.2.Thequestion_______weshouldgohasnotbeendecided.whywhereWewereexcitedatthenews.Ourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch.Theyhavemadeanewplan.Anotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary.

合并成一句Wewereexcitedatthenewsthatourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch.Theyhavemadeanewplanthatanotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary.3.Theyhadthequestion.Couldhepassthefinalexam?4.Whodidthedamagedcomputerbelongto?Noonehadanyidea.

Theyhadthequestionwhetherhecouldpassthefinalexam.Noonehadanyideawhothedamagedcomputerbelongedto.5.Theproblemhasbeensolved.Whyweresomanyareasfloodedduringtheheavystorm?

Theproblemwhysomanyareaswerefloodedduringtheheavystormhasbeensolved.thirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.7.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.8.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.9.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.同位语从句与定语从句区别1.从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等表抽象意义的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.据说他已经出国了。Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(同位语从句)(定语从句)

2.从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.

我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。如:Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释that虽不作成分,但不能省略)Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.2.That’sthebestpieceofnewsI’veheard.3.I’venohopethatmyparentshavebeenexpectingtome.判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。定语从句定语从句同位语从句4.Isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7:30?5.Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesn’texistatall.6.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.7.ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/thatBAB3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis__heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhatDA6.___isnopossibility___Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whichA7–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere8Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s___.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedAA.__fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe___hiswork.Acontinues

Bcontinue

CcontinuedDhadcontinuedBABwillbeaspecialpricefor____buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)pooryoungmanisreadytoaccept__helphecanget.(05)newspaperprintedthegovernor’sstatement_____wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathemanmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.Thatisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever18.Canyoumakesure___thegoldrings?A.whereshehadputB.wherehadsheputC.whereshehasputD.wherehassheputreasonthathasbeensuchasuccess___henevergivesup.A.isB.isbecauseC.isthatD.iswhat20.______breaksthelawshouldbepunished.AWhoeverb.Nomatterwhoc.anyone.d.who

21.Thatis___Ihadtotaketheriskofbeingwashedaway.A.whyB.reasonwhyC.howD.what22