高中英语外研版Module4Greatscientists

SectionⅠIntroduction,Reading&Vocabulary基础夯实一、单词拼写sofanimalshavedisappearedbecausetheycouldnotadapttothechangingenvironment.

答案：speciesmanwasoneofthegreatfinhistory.

答案：figureswriterwaseataverygoodschoolwhenhewasyoung.

答案：educatedbuildinghasbeencintoaschool.

答案：convertedhaspquitealotofarticles.

答案：publishedaimat(质量)ratherthanquantity.

答案：qualityisan(农业的)country.

答案：agricultural(出口)goodstomanycountriesandregions.

答案：exports(最初的)ownerofthehousewasDukeWellington.

答案：original’sbelievedthatadvertisingcanincrease(产量)andsales.

答案：yieldneedsahighincometo(供养)suchalargefamily.

答案：support二、用方框内所给词或短语的适当形式填空bringupbeinterestedinthekeytoreplace...withfigureoutbreakthroughrefertobringinsearchforsupporttheywillthestickabigstone.

答案：replace;withhavemadeagreatinthekidneytransplant.

答案：breakthroughauthorbeginsbytheearlyhistoryofIndia.

答案：referringtomustthatlostwalletuntilIfindit.

答案：searchforthenawhite-hairedoldwomanentered,byagirl.

答案：supportedwasborninTexasbutinOkalahoma.

答案：broughtupwhatwasgoingonintheartworld.

答案：wereinterestedinfirmhasanewmanagementteamtoworkontheproject.

答案：broughtinpolicemanholdssolvingthecrime.

答案：thekeytojustcan’twhyhegaveupsuchagoodchance.

答案：figureout能力提升三、阅读理解ARecordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway,anewstudy(蜂窝)—eitherrecordedorreal—mayevenpreventelephantsfromdamagingfarmers’crops.In2023,scientistLucyKingandherteamfoundthatelephantsavoidcertaintreeswithbeeslivingin,LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephantsfromeatingbeforesheaskedfarmerstogotothetroubleofsettingupbeehivesontheirfarms,sheneededtofindoutifthebeeswouldscareelephantsaway.LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetupashethrewastoneintothebeehive,whichburstintoandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshadcalmed,LucysearchedoutelephantfamiliesinSamburuNationalReserveinnorthernKenyaandputaspeakerinatreeclosetoeachfamily.Fromadistance,Lucyswitchedonthepre-recordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesametimerecordingtheelephantswithavideotheelephantgroupslefttheareawithintenofatotalof17groups,onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangryreportedthatalltheyoungelephantsimmediatelyrantotheirmotherstohideunderLucyplayedthesoundofawaterfall(瀑布)insteadoftheangrybeestomanyofthesameelephantfamilies,theanimalswereafterfourminutes,mostofthegroupsstayedinoneplace.Lucyisnowstudyingwhethertheelephantswillcontinuetoavoidthesoundofangrybeesafterhearingitseveralhasn’ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow,butherinitial(最初的)resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithhasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.knowfromthepassagethatelephantsmaybefrightenedof.

noisescropscameras bees答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知,D项正确。mentionedinthepassage,Lucy.

byherselfinAfricatotestmoreelephantgroupsstoppedelephantseatingcropsgotfarmerstosetupbeehivesontheirfarms答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第一段第二句“Shehasn’ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow”可知,B项正确。didLucythrowastoneintoawildbeehive?recordthesoundofbees.makeavideoofelephants.seeifelephantswouldrunaway.findoutmoreaboutthebehaviorofbees.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“...setuparecorder”和最后一句可知,A项正确。ofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?elephantsignoreAfricanhoneybees.canmakeelephantsstayinoneplace.donotgoneartreeswithbeeslivinginthem.donotallowLucytoconducttestsintheirfields.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句和第二句可知,C项正确。B(2023·浙江高考)Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleinall,thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying...right?Perhaps,butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis“play”ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground-and,intheprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用):bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butrequiresupporttoremainislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaught,babiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectstheirrangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremyobservationswhatIexpected?).Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway-thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,forexample,unlikethechild,Mommyactuallydoesn’tlikeDovechocolate.Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceanddoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld-issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourevolution(进化)providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemassamecognitive(认知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultsomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”tosomedevelopmentalpsychologists,.

baby’splayisnothingmorethanagameresearchintobabies’gamesispossiblenatureofbabies’playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedbaby’splayissomehowsimilartoascientist’sexperiment答案：D解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句中“...somedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis‘play’ismorelikeascientificinvestigation...”可知科学实验和孩子的玩耍这两种行为均包含一种共性。D项中issomehowsimilarto和句中ismorelike为同义替换。learnfromParagraph2that.

andbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferentlyandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo答案：D解析：细节理解题。在第二段中,作者通过实例论证了婴儿的玩耍和科学家们的实验两者间存在的共性,即目的、方法和逻辑相同。注意该段落最后一句话括号中的信息:gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld,D项中的collect和gathering属于同义替换。故选择D项。A项错在differently;B项属于理解错误,正确的表述应该是科学家们以及婴儿和物质世界的互动;C项错在bornwith一词。maylearntherulesoflanguageby.

thephysicalworldhumanpsychologytheirownexperimentstheirparents’behaviors答案：C解析：推理判断题。推理判断的起点是第三段第一句中“usingsimilarmeans”这一说明。既然调查人类心理和语言规则的方法同上,则应该从上文的第二段中找到对应的方法,即第二段倒数第二句中“throughrepeatedexperiments”,因此选择C项。isthemainideaofthelastparagraph?worldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.babies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.mayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.答案：B解析：主旨大意题。段落的首句为该段的主旨句。该句句意:把儿童的发展看作是一个科学研究的过程,这阐明了孩子学习的方法;同时也对怎样看待科学和科学家具有启示性意义。因此研究婴儿的玩耍的科学性可以更好地理解科学本身的发展,故B项正确。四、语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。CharlieChaplinwasanEnglishcomicactorandfilm1.(direct)ofthesilentfilmerawhobecameoneofthebest-knownfilmstarsintheworldbeforetheendoftheWorldWarⅠ.Chaplinusedmime,slapstick(打闹剧)andothervisualcomedyroutines,and2.(continue)wellintotheeraofthetalkies(有声电影),3.hisfilmsdecreasedinfrequencyfromthe