高中英语分词语法(46张)

一、-ing形式作定语（attribute）1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面,既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水awalkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台

tiringmusic=musicthatistiring烦人的音乐asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果比较:aswimmingpoolaswimmingboyasleepingcarasleepingbaby2.–ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。Theman

standing

there

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

who

is

standing

there

isPeter’sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。Anybodyswimming

in

this

riverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthis

river

willbefined.在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,这时,它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：Hisbrother,working

as

ateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whois

workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthe

breeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,which

wasswaying

gentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累,在微风中轻轻摇曳。二、过去分词作定语(Attribute)(1)在句中的位置单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass

一颗破碎的心

丧家之犬

已升起的太阳有组织的旅行

被打破的玻璃杯

inthegiventimewiththewordsgivenawantedpersonworkerswantedaconcernedlookthepeopleconcernedbeconcernedwith在既定的时间内用所给的单词被通缉的人招聘工人关切的神情有关人士thechangingworldthechangedworldboilingwaterboiledwaterfadingflowersfadedflowersadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry（正在变化的）（变化了的）（正在沸腾的）（已经沸腾过的）(正在凋谢的)（已经凋谢的）(发展中的)（发达的）adrowningmanadrownedmanfallingleaves

fallenleavesaretiredworkeranescapedprisonerreturnedstudents

快要淹死的人已经淹死的人正在飘落的树叶落叶退休工人逃犯归国留学生*Heisoneofthoseinvited.*Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。Theexcitedpeoplerushedoutofthebuilding.Theyfoundadamagedcaratthegateofthepark.(2)

所表示的时间过去分词作定语时，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.比较tobedonebeingdoneHaveyoureadthebookswrittenbytheyoungwriter？

(3)语法功能过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。

ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.

ThebikewhichhadbeenstolenbelongstoJack.

ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.

Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.(主动、进行）Thehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.(被动、正在建)Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.（被动、已建好）

三、-ing形式作表语(Predicative)-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：Herhobbyispainting.她的业余爱好是画画。Myjobislooking

afterthechildren.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。Hisconcernforhismotherismost

touching.他对母亲的关爱很感人。Shewasverypleasinginherappearance.常见作表语的现在分词有：

disappointing,puzzling,amusing,frightening,terrifyingexciting,interesting,tiring,confusing,pleasing,discouraging,satisfying,inspiring,worrying等。

四、过去分词作表语(Predicative)(1)过去分词作表语时，多表示主语所处的状态。

Thedoorremainedlocked.Shelookeddisappointed.Heseemedquitedelightedatthegoodnews.

常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried等。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.-ing作表语与-ed作表语的区别

Theresultofthetestisdisappointing.

Ifeeldisappointedintheresultofthetest.Thestoryisveryinteresting

Heisinterestedinthebook.Whatasurprising

result!Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.Competethesentencesusingtherightformofthegivenverb.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas__________(bore)andlonely.Jacklookedevenmore_______(amaze)thanhefelt.Theresultswerevery_____________(disappoint).Iwasthankedbythe_____________(satisfy)customer.Thegirl___________(dress)inredismydaughter.LastMondayourclasswentonan____________(organise)trip.

bored

amazed

disappointing

satisfied

dressed

organised五、-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语1)位置：常放在宾语后面,-ing形式表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。过去分词表示被动，如：1）Whenwereturnedtotheschool,we

foundastrangerstandingattheentrance.2.Isawmanypeopleinjuredintheaccident.Wefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.Wefoundthecakeeatenupbytheboys.Ifoundabaglyingontheground.Ifoundabagputontheground.Thebosskepttheworkersworking

thewholenight.那老板让工人整夜地工作。3)当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的便转换为主语补足语。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.这个结果很令人满意。Ifoundtheboypuzzled.=TheboywasfoundpuzzledTheyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.IheardthesongsunginEnglish=ThesongwasheardsunginEnglish.4).能用分词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:表示感觉和心理状态的动词,常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。如：Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.Heobservedthethiefbeatenbythepassengers.5)表示指使意义的动词,常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoing

that.Hehadhismoneystolenonthebus.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.Ifoundhimcaughtintherain.Wefoundmanypeopletrappedintheliftsee,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：①前者表示动作正在进行,而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我们走过教室,看见老师在做实验。(只在走过教室的刹那间,看见老师正在做实验)Wesatforanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我们坐了一个小时,看老师做实验。(一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验)②如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词,动词不定式短语表示一次动作,而-ing形式则表示反复动作。e.g.Weheardthedoorslam.Weheardthedoorslamming.(反复动作)(一次动作)现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化:主动形式被动形式

V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed

一般式完成式e.g.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.

听见铃声,学生们开始走进教室。(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。(beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.

完成了工作,他就回家了。现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)1)表时间状语2)表原因状语Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.)既然你是一个学生,你就应该努力学习。由于想到它或许在家,所以我就给他打了电话。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴随情况的状语:作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示地动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。e.g.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_____________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalking4)表结果e.g.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表条件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格:

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with(without)+名词(代词宾格)+分词形式。Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。7)作独立成分:Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看,他一定是个演员。1.____inthetrafficaccident____takentohospital.A.Aninjured,wasB.Theinjured,hasC.Theinjuring,wereD.Theinjured,havebeen2.The___lookonthegirl’sfacesuggestedthatshe___suchbadnews.A.surprising,wouldexpectB.surprised,shouldexpectC.surprising,shouldn’thavebeenexpectedD.surprised,hadn’texpected3.Thegirl___forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks4.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written6.You’llfindtheword"psychology"____under"P"inyourdictionary.A.havelistedB.listC.listedD.listing7.Whenwereachedthevillage,wesawnewhouses_____up.A.havingbeenputB.puttingC.beingputD.hadput8.Fromthedate___onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.mark