学科英语授课-chapter

Vocabulary

词汇Chapter5Warming-upDiscussion导入DoyouthinklearningEnglishvocabularyisveryimportant?SpeechsoundsVocabularyGrammar“Withoutgrammar,verylittlecanbeconveyed;withoutwords,nothingcanbeconveyed.”

―Wilkins

Nobricks,Nobuilding!Doyouknowtheneededvocabularysizefortheteachersofprimaryschools,juniorhighschoolsandseniorschoolsrespectively?50005000-80008000-10000Warming-upDiscussion第一部分4.1GeneralKnowledgeofVocabulary

1.Whatisvocabulary?Vocabularyreferstothewordsweteachintheforeignlanguage.Anewitemofvocabularymaybemorethanasingleword.e.g.postoffice,mother-in-law,etc.2.Whatispurposeofvocabularyteaching?Lexicalcompetence词汇能力Lexisn.词汇3.Whatdoeslexicalcompetenceinvolve?Meanings:denotationconnotationForms:regularforms;irregularforms;wordbuildingUse:style;register;dialect;collocation;textualrelations;senserelationsMeanings

Denotation(字面含义)Connotation(言外含义)Literalmeaning词典中所给出的定义。

Additionalmeaning词典中查不到。Meanings

有些词只有denotation,没有connotation,比如科技用语。但大多数词，都是既有denotation,又有connotation。HomeConvenienceSafetyDwellingplace

FriendsandrelationsManStrengthMaleadult

CourageCarelessnessUnderstandingconnotationTrytomarktheconnotationofthesewordsaspositive(+)ornegative(-):Confident;stubborn;extravagant;mean;famous;arrogant;determined;generous;notorious(+)Confident;famous;determined;generous;(-)stubborn;extravagant;arrogant;mean;notoriousPolysemy(一词多义)

Homonymy(同音同形异义)Synonyms(同义词)

教学启示：Bothdenotativeandconnotativemeaningneedtobelearned;Thesecondaspectofmeaning:Forms1,regularwords2,irregularwords3,Wordformation

Affixation

（词缀法）disagreeCompounding（合成法）sunriseConversion

（转类法）

Blending

（拼缀法）smoke+fog=smog;China+English=ChinglishBackformation（逆成法）就是去掉词缀e.g.donation-donateAcronyms（首字母缩略法）VIPWTO4,Pronunciationandforms

UseStyle语言风格Register语域AccordingtoHalliday,“Languagevariesasitsfunctionvaries;itdiffersindifferentsituations.”Dialect方言Collocation搭配textualrelations文本关系senserelations意义关系Collocation----wordsthatco-occurwithhighfrequencyandhavebeenacceptedaswaysfortheuseofwords.e.g.Youraiseyourhand.Youdon’tliftyourhand.Senserelationsincludessynonyms,antonymsandhyponyms.同义词反义词上下位关系Othertypesofrelations:closedsystem封闭系统part-whole整体-部分关系Gradableantonyms等级反义Complementaryantonyms互补反义Relationalopposites关系反义第二部分4.2PrinciplesofTeachingandLearningVocabularyReceptive/Passivevocabulary消极词汇:usedinspeakingandwritingProductive/Activevocabulary积极词汇:recognizableinreadingandlistening原则：1，选词原则2，呈现原则Presentingnewvocabulary1.teachandpracticethewordinspokenform

first.2.Teachwordincontext.3.Teachlexicalitemsratherthanindividualwords.4.Presentwordsinamemorablewaytostartwith.5.Checkunderstanding6.reviseoften第三部分4.3TechniquesforTeachingVocabularyTeacherA:wrote“grumble”ontheblackboard;said“grumblemeanstocomplainaboutsomeoneorsomethinginanannoyedway”;translatedthewordintothestudents’nativelanguage;gavemoreexamples(sentences)forthestudentstotranslateintotheirnativelanguage.

TeacherB:Said“somepeoplegrumbleabouteverything.Forexample,theygrumbledabouttheweather.Ifitissunny,theysayitistoohot.Ifitiscool,theysayitistoocold.Theyareneverhappywiththeweather.Theyalwaysgrumbleabouttheweather”.Thensetouttocheckthestudents’understandingbyasking“Sowhatdoes‘grumble’mean?”

WaysofconsolidatingvocabularyWhenstudentsstudyvocabularyindividually,veryoftenitisrotelearning.Grouplearningthroughvariousactivitiesandundertheteacher’ssupervisioncanbemorefunandeffective.DescribinganddrawingPlayingagame

III.WaysofconsolidatingvocabularyLabelingSpottingthedifferencesDescribinganddrawingPlayingagameUsingwordseriesWordassociationFindingsynonymsandantonymsUsingwordcategoriesUsingwordnetworkUsingtheInternetresourcesformoreideasReviewregularly.Guessmeaningfromcontext.Organizevocabularyeffectively.Useadictionary.ManagestrategyuseIV.DevelopingvocabularylearningstrategiesassignmentWhatmethodsdidyouusetopresentandconsolidatethenewwordsinyourforeignlanguageteaching?Pleasegiveastatementaboutitinnolessthan1000words.记忆英语单词方法20种1.逻辑记忆：通过词本身内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。

1)把几个字母看作一个来记，如："ight"light,right,fight,night,sight,tight2)外旧内新，如：bridge“桥”看成b+ridgeridge,“山脊”sharp看成s+harp“竖琴。

3)外新内旧，如：cleave“劈开”看成c+leave,tact"机智：看成t+act

2联想记忆：

1)音与形的联想，即根据读音规则记忆单词。

2)形与义的联想。如：eye把两个e看成两个眼；banana把a看成一个个的香蕉；bird把b和d看成两个翅膀。

3)象声词，联想实际的声音。如：gong锣coo咕咕声。3.构词记忆：利用构词法，通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。4.分类记忆：把单词进行分门类如：动物，植物等，进行分类记忆。你可以找一本分类字典作为参考。5.卡片记忆：自制作单词卡片随时随身进行记单词，卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。6.词典记忆：这是一种强行记忆的方法。它的缺点是容易忘记，只是孤立记住单词的意义。可以作为一种短时间的强化手段。7.比较记忆：1)英汉比较如：mama,cigar,beer,bar,fee等。2)单复数的比较如：good-goods,spirit-spiritswood-woods3)同音词的比较如：right-write,eye-I4)词的阴阳性的比较如：actor-actresshost-hostess

8.理解记忆：通过正确理解单词的本义、引申义和比喻义等如：second是“秒”，它来源于古代的六分法，分，秒，它是二次划分，因此second也是“第二”，进一步引申，还可理解为“辅助”用这种方法特别适合那些一词多义的词。9.联系记忆：记忆单词最好不要孤立地记，尽可能地和有关的东西联系来记。

1)联系所学的文章大概意义，联系上下文。