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模板与脚手架工程
1概述模板规格的体系化:组合钢模板体系、大模板体系、台模体系、爬模体系、滑模体系等。模板材料的多样化:钢模板、木胶合板模板、钢框木胶合板模板、铝合金模板、塑料模板。模板使用的多功能:带装饰面层大模板、透光模板、透水模板、柔性充气模板、密肋网眼钢模板。模板生产的工业化:模板的设计、制作及生产配套附件、支承系统、辅助材料、专用工具等。关键生产工序均采用自动化、机械化作业,产品质量靠工业设备控制。模板管理的科学化:——我国新型模板的发展动向各种材料模板的研究与发展塑料模板:该模板具有重量轻、导热系数小、耐腐蚀性好;表面光滑、易于脱模;回收率高,加工制作简单等优点。但也存在强度和刚度较低,耐久性和耐热性较差,价格较高等缺点。宜用于地下工程、矿井、海堤等工程。铸铝合金模板:该模板具有良好的强度和刚度,混凝土表面质量好,但一次投资大。可用于建筑工程。中密度纤维板模板:该模板具有较高的强度和较好的防水性能。砂塑板和木塑板模板:该模板以废砂、炉渣、矿渣、石英砂为原料,以废塑料为粘结剂的复合材料。其材料均为废料,价格低廉;模板一次热压成型,加工工艺简单;模板表面光滑,脱模性能好。但其强度和刚度较差,使用寿命较短。覆面麻屑板模板:利用生产亚麻纤维废料——麻屑模压成板材。新型模板的开发和推广应用建设部确定的几种新型模板木胶合板模板:经酚醛覆膜表面处理的木胶合板模板,具有表面平整光滑、容易脱模,耐磨性强,防水性较好;模板强度、刚度较好,能多次周转使用;才质轻,适宜加工大面模板等优点。可用于墙体、楼板等各种结构施工。竹胶合板模板:利用竹席、竹帘板结构,酚醛胶浸胶和表面覆膜处理的生产工艺。该模板具有结构合理、胶合性能好,表面平整光滑,使用寿命较长,价格较低等优点,宜作各种建筑模板。钢框胶合板模板:钢框与竹(木)胶合板组合的一种模板。此模板采用模数制设计,横竖都可拼装,使用灵活,应用范围广,并有完整的支撑系统,可用于墙体、楼板、梁、柱等多种结构施工。有标准《钢框竹胶合板模板》JG/T3059-1999。中型钢模板:有55型和70型。55型长度规格有:1800mm、1500mm、1200mm、900mm、600mm;宽度规格有:600mm、550mm、500mm、450mm、400mm;肋高55mm。70型长度规格有:1500mm、1200mm、900mm;宽度规格有:600mm、300mm两种标准块,有250mm、200mm、150mm、100mm四种非标准块。该模板具有刚度大、耗钢量小、工效高、使用寿命长等特点。塑料和玻璃钢模板:塑料模板具有表面光滑、易于脱模,重量轻,耐腐蚀性好,回收率高,加工制作简单等特点,主要生产塑料模壳,用于双向密肋楼板工程。玻璃钢模板以玻璃纤维布为基材,不饱和聚脂树脂为粘结剂,利用模具加工的一种模板。具有重量轻,施工方便;易于脱模,表面光滑;易成型,加工制作简单,强度高,周转次数高等特点,但价格较高,仅用于生玻璃钢模壳,小曲率圆柱模板。
(2)无爬架爬模特点:取消了爬架,模板由甲、乙两类组成,爬升时两类模板互为依托,用提升设备使两类相邻模板交替爬升。
①模板:甲型模板为窄板,高度大于两个层高,乙型模板高度略大于层高,与下层外墙稍有搭接,避免漏浆和错台。②爬升装置:由三角爬架、爬杆、卡座和液压千斤顶组成。③操作平台挑架:用三角挑架作支撑,安装在乙型模板竖向背楞和它下面的生根背楞上。3滑升模板施工技术3.1特点大量节约模板,节省劳动力,减轻劳动强度,降低工程成本,加快施工进度,提高施工机械化程度。但耗钢量大,一次投资费用较多。可用于现浇剪力墙、筒体及特殊构筑物的施工。3.2滑模系统的构成(1)模板系统:模板系统由模板、围圈、提升架等组成。模板采用1.5~2.5㎜厚的钢板冷压成型或在钢板上加焊30×4或40×4的等肢角钢肋条形成。围圈采用75×6等肢角钢或8号、10号槽钢制作。提升架由横梁、立柱、围圈支托等组成。横梁采用12号槽钢或60×5的等肢角钢制作;立柱采用12~16槽钢号或60×5的等肢角钢制作,立柱按构造可分为单横梁式和双横梁式。3.3滑升模板的应用4.2大模板的构造
5台模施工技术
5.1台模的组成、类型及特点(1)组成由平台板、支撑系统(包括梁、支架、支撑、支腿等)(2)类型立柱式桁架式悬架式(3)特点楼盖模板一次组装,施工速度快;台模可以整体吊装,减少了临时堆放场地;施工的楼面平整,楼层整体性好,质量易保证。5.2台模的构造(1)立柱式台模由板面、次梁、主梁、立柱、水平撑和斜撑、柱帽模板等组成。立柱式台模施工工艺台模拼装前的准备—拼装支架片—拼装骨架—拼装面板—台模就位—脱模和降模—转运和翻层。桁架式台模施工工艺托紧桁架和旋松螺旋千斤顶—装滚轮和下降台模—向外水平推移台模—装钢丝绳准备吊运—台模翻层和就位。悬架式台模施工工艺37
6铝合金模板
38铝和金模板:最适合标准楼塑胶模板:可用在其它不同设计的建筑物39可用在多款式建筑物40英国总公司
MivanFormworkcanbeusedforabroadrangeofapplications,fromstraight-forwardwallandslabconstructionpanelstomorecomplicatedstructuresinvolvingbaywindows,stairsandA/Choods. TheMivansystemforformingconcretestructuresisprobablythemostversatilemodernconstructionsystem.Unlikeothersystemsitisequallysuitedtobothhighandlowriseconstruction.ByusingspeciallydesignedandmanufacturedAluminiumFormworkandeffectivelymanagingassociatedconstructionactivities,Mivanhasvirtuallybrought‘assemblyline’productivitytotheconstructionsiteenvironment. Mivanoffersacompletedesignandconstructionserviceandprojectscanbeundertakenonafullturnkeybasisoronarangeofalternativecontractualsolutions. ThedegreeofpreengineeringandinherentsimplicityofMivan’sFormworkenablesunskilledlocallabourtobeused.Everycomponentislightenoughtobehandledbyoneoperative,minimizingtheneedforheavyliftingequipment.41迈旺
铝合金模板承受力 =每平方米可承受8
顿42轻便及能配合不同的设计
ThebasicelementoftheFormworkisthepanelwhichisaframeworkofextrudedaluminiumsections,weldedtoanaluminiumsheet.Thisproducesalightweightpanelwithanexcellentstiffnesstoweightratio,yieldingminimaldeflectionsunderconcreteloading.Panelsaremanufacturedinstandardsizeswithnon-standardelementsmadeinthesizesandshapestosuittherequirementsofspecificprojects.
Thepanelsaremadefromahighstrengthaluminium.Thefaceofthepanelisa4-8mmthickplate,onaframeworkofspeciallydesignedextrudedsections,weldedtoformarobustcomponent.ThepanelsaremanufacturedwithinafactoryenvironmentinMivan’sfabricationfacilitiesinEuropeandSouthEastAsia,toveryhighspecificationsandtolerances.Onceassembledtheyaresubjectedtoeliminateanydimensionaloronsiteproblems.43设计部门4445设计
Mivan’sprofessionaldesignteamsprovideacompleteserviceembracingallaspectsofarchitectural,structural,civil,infrastructureandbuildingservicesdesign. Usingstateoftheartdesignsoftware,theformworkisdesignedusingthemosteconomicalassortmentofpanelsizes. ThecombinationofbespokesoftwareandtheexperienceoftheMivandesigners,guaranteesthemostefficientconstructionprocess,incorporatingtheoptimumassemblyprocedures,economicalpanelselectionandultimatelyminimizingcapitalandoperationalcosts.
ArchitecturaldetailsareincorporatedduringthedesignandmanufactureoftheMivanpanelsandcanbedesignedtosuitanyrequiredstructuralelementorshapessuchasbaywindow,stairs,balconiesandspecialarchitecturalfeatures.TheaccurateregulardimensionsachievedwiththeMivansystemenablepre-fabricationofcastinitemssuchasdoorandwindowframesaswellaselectricalandmechanicalcomponents.46所需资料如下:-
1.节点洋图及施工图
Architecture&StructuralDrawings
2.外立面图
Front&SideElevationPlan
3.剖面图
LayoutPlan
4.每层标准房高度
TypicalFloorHeightPlan
5.完成建筑结构的时间
DurationtoCompletetheSuperstructure&theWholeBuilding47楼梯48凸出的窗户49弧线的设计50特殊的建筑设计51能配合不同需求的工程速度4DaysperFloor (四天一层楼)6DaysperFloor (六天一层楼)8DaysperFloor (八天一层楼)10DaysperFloor (十天一层楼)52
铺地台53安装过程
第一天
–安装钢网、钢筋及装设一面模板54第二天及第三天
安装水电、空调工程及另一面模板55第四天
–灌入混凝土56拆卸模板57四天的安装程序表5859高楼-重复安装过程606162四天安装程序的例子
~MontKiaraBayuProject63646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687六天的安装程序表
~MMRDAMankhurdProject88899091929394959697989910010110210310410510610710810911011111211311411511611711811912012112212312412512612712812913013113213313415
个优势及特点135速度
Thein-situconstructionofallwallsandpartitionsreducestherequirementforfollow-onwettrades.Theconcretesurfacefinishproducedwiththealuminiumformsallowsachievementofahighqualitywallfinishwithouttheneedforextensiveplastering. Doorsandwindowsareformedinposition,withahighdegreeofaccuracy.Precisionitemssuchasdoorandwindowframescanbedirectlyinstalledonsitewithminimalre-sizingrequired. Firstfixelectricalandmechanicalservicescanbecastinplace.
MivanFormworkismanufacturedtoveryhightolerances,givinghighqualityFormworkcomponentsthatensureconsistencyofdimensions. OntheremovaloftheFormworkmould,ahighqualityconcretefinishisproducedtoaccuratetolerancesandverticality.Thehightoleranceofthefinishmeansthatnofurtherplasteringisrequired.Typicallya3mmto4mmskimcoatisappliedinternallytowallspriortofinishinganda6mmbuildupcoatonfloorslabspriortolayingtiles.质量136时间节省30%-40%,因此节省建筑运作费用及银行利息。
建筑速度
每层传统建筑速度:8天
每层用迈旺建筑系统:4天
整栋建筑速度节省:168天
(6.5
个月)137节省塔吊机械费用,因迈旺模板都用人手搬运。138容易训练非熟手工人139节省购买夹板、支撑木材及施工架的费用。
有条理的支撑空间无障碍的通道节省清理垃圾费用不需焚烧剩余的夹板及木材140节省外墙脚手架1416.
精确的排污管设计142节省一层做面砖的抹壁费用143高质量的结构144节省一层砂浆费用。(只需一层4毫米的白水泥而已)节省一层底漆。(白水泥能作为底漆)145耐用模板能够反复使用至少250次以上。14612.容易安装
Mivanaimstomaximizetheuseofmodernconstructiontechniquesandequipmentonallitsprojects. ThesimplicityofMivanFormworkandtherepetitivenatureoftheassemblyprocessmakeitpossibletoaccuratelyprogrammeconstructionsequencesandthuscycletimeswellinadvance.Inaddition,thisenablesunskilledlabourtoworkwiththeFormworkthereforereducingtheburdenonskilledlabourwhenthisisinshortsupply.14713.容易拆卸墙模板的拆卸
–灌入混凝土的12个小时之后地模板的拆卸
–灌入混凝土的36个小时之后148质量的控制
~出口或运送给客户之前,会进行建立的试验。149150环保意识151伸缩性的模板设计竣工后,迈旺模板能够重新设计供下一个工程使用。152加工厂153154155156157目前采用迈旺模板的工程NOCONTRACTOR/DEVELOPERPROJECTCONTRACTVALUE1SpecBina&StruktorSdn.Bhd.162unitsDoubleStoreyatBandarSetiaAlam,Meru,Klang.RM2,800,000.002SpecBina&StruktorSdn.Bhd.58unitsSemiDetachedatBandarPuteri,PuchongRM1,900,000.003JallconSdn.Bhd.148unitsDoubleStoreyatBandarSetiaAlam,Meru,KlangRM1,000,000.003Project33ConstructionSdn.Bhd.231unitsapartment30storey,mukimSg.Buloh,DamansaraDamai,CondoArmaneeforMKLandBhd.RM2,400,000.004M-FactorIndustriesSdn.Bhd.Proposed1,022unitsofMediumCostApartmentatlot26643,JalanKuchingRM6,600,000.005P&NConstructionSdn.Bhd.KoiTropika,UtarariaDevelopmentPuchong,Batu14RM1,200,000.006IJMBhd.20blocksofMediumCostApartment,DubaiRM8,000,000.00158工程地盘的实际照片159160161162163164165166167168169170171高质量的效果172173相同高度的梯级174175迈旺模板出口至以下国家Malaysia 马来西亚Singapore 新加坡HongKong 香港India 印度Thailand 泰国Philippines 菲律宾Seychelles 西西里Romania 罗马尼亚Taiwan 台湾Indonesia 印尼Korea 韩国Iraq 伊朗Japan 日本176马来西亚
完成的工程177MontKiaraPalmaDeveloperSunriseBhdBuilding2no.32StoreyCondominiumBlocksAreaCycle3,840m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedNovember1991178MontKiaraPinesDeveloperSunriseBhdBuilding35,32&25StoreyCondominiumBlocksAreaCycle6,000m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedJuly1992179MontKiaraPelangiDeveloperSunriseBhdBuilding2no.27StoreyCondominiumBlocksAreaCycle3,330m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedFebruary1994180MontKiara5(Astana)DeveloperSunriseBerhadBuilding2no.28StoreyCondominiumsAreaCycle3,600m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedJuly1997181MontKiaraBayuDeveloperSunriseBhdBuilding42StoreyCondominiumBlockAreaCycle5,300m24–5DaysperFloor四至五天一层楼AwardedJune2000182KiaramasMontKiaraDeveloperAsiaQuestSdn.Bhd.Building2no.28StoreyCondominiumsAreaCycle4,641m27DaysperFloor七天一层楼AwardedOctober2001183MontKiaraDamaiDeveloperSunriseBhdBuilding42StoreyCondominiumTowerAreaCycle5,925m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedNovember2001184MontKiaraAmanDeveloperSunriseBhdBuilding2Blocksof32StoreyCondominiumsAreaCycle12,552m26DaysperFloor六天一层楼AwardedApril2003185JalanBinjaiServiceApartmentsDeveloperPNBBuilding1no.39StoreyBlockServiceApartmentsAreaCycle2,700m26DaysperFloor六天一层楼AwardedMarch1998186PalmSpringsDamansaraDeveloperGallantAcresSdn.BhdBuilding6no16-22StoreyMediumCostApartmentsAreaCycle14,351m24-5DaysperFloor四至五天一层楼AwardedOctober2001187KualaLumpurHospitalDeveloperSpecBinaSdn.BhdBuilding2no20StoreyAccommodationBlocksAreaCycle2,237m24–5DaysperFloor四至五天一层楼AwardedNovember2002188156TerraceHousing,KlangDeveloperSpecBinaSdn.BhdBuilding2StoreyTerraceHousesAreaCycle1,379m22noUnitsperDays一天两间屋AwardedNovember2002189184TerraceHousing,KlangDeveloperSpecBinaSdn.BhdBuilding2StoreyTerraceHousesAreaCycle1,213m22noUnitsperDays一天两间屋AwardedMay2003190KajangVillaDeveloperVillarayaHoldingSdn.BhdBuilding2no12StoreyMediumCostApartmentsAreaCycle8,000m210DaysperFloor十天一层楼AwardedSeptember2001191SriSayang-PenangDeveloperSriSayangResortBhd.Building33StoreyLuxuryCondominiumBlockAreaCycle3,200m25DaysperFloor五天一层楼AwardedDecember1991192Sunnyville-PenangDeveloperPenasRealtySdn.Bhd.Building6no.22StoreyApartmentBlocksAreaCycle4,530m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedMay1993193TamanPelangi-PenangDeveloperPenangDevelopmentCorporationBuilding21no.5StoreyWalk-upApartmentsAreaCycle3,850m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedOctober1993194EPark-PenangDeveloperPenasRealtySdn.Bhd.Building3no.25StoreyCondominiumsAreaCycle2,300m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedOctober1994195UGardens-PenangDeveloperPenasRealtySdn.Bhd.Building3no.25StoreyCondominiumsAreaCycle3,435m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedMay1995196NPark-PenangDeveloperPenasRealtySdn.Bhd.Building4no.30StoreyCondominiumsAreaCycle7,300m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedJune1995197BayanLepas-PenangDeveloperKejuruteraanTekunBuilding5StoreyWalk-upLowCostUnitsAreaCycle2,500m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedJune1996198GreenLaneHeights-PenangDeveloperHunzalandCorporationBuilding3no.21&24StoreyApartmentsAreaCycle2,700m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedAugust1996199BukitJambulCourt-PenangDeveloperPenasRealtySdn.Bhd.Building3no.36StoreyApartmentBlocksAreaCycle5,200m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedNovember1996200MiamiGreenCondominiumDeveloperSengSengConst.Building5no.31StoreyCondominiumsAreaCycle1,600m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedNovember1997201Fasa2C–LowCostDeveloperJuaraAspirasi(M)Sdn.Building5no5StoreyWalk-upLowCostUnitsAreaCycle1,764m26DaysperFloor六天一层楼AwardedMay1998202AlorVista-PenangDeveloperSengSengConst.Building4no.20StoreyBlocksLowCostUnitsAreaCycle2,058m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedNovember1999203MutiaraMalaccaBeachResortDeveloperKiaraMutiaraSdn.Bhd.Building4no.12StoreyHotelBlocksAreaCycle2,890m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedApril1993204OceanPalmsDeveloperGeahinConst.&Eng.Building3no.29StoreyCondominiumBlocksAreaCycle3,150m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedJuly1994205Custom&Immigration
StaffHousingDeveloperPatiSdn.Bhd.&GeahinEngineeringLtdBuilding8no.16StoreyApartmentBlocksAreaCycle6,800m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedApril1996206新加坡
完成的工程207MakenaDevelopmentDeveloperHyundaiEng.&Const.Building2no29&2no17StoreyCondominiumsBlocksAreaCycle7,500m26DaysperFloor六天一层楼AwardedJune1995208ParcPalais(Hume4)DeveloperHyundaiEng.&Const.Building4no9&7StoreyCondominiumsBlocksAreaCycle3,026m25DaysperFloor五天一层楼AwardedJanuary1997209ThompsonRoadDeveloperHyundaiEng.&Const.Building3noBlocksCondominiumsAreaCycle600m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedApril1998210CostaDelSolDeveloperHyundaiEng.&Const.Building7no30StoreyCondominiumsBlocksAreaCycle3,480m24–5DaysperFloor四至五天一层楼AwardedMay2000211香港
完成的工程212TsuiWanEstate,ChaiWanContractorShuiOnBuildingContractorsLtd.Building2no38StoreyCruciformBlockApartmentsAreaCycle5,200m26DaysperFloor六天一层楼AwardedJuly1995213ManhattanHeightsContractorChungWoBuildingConstructionLtd.Building1no60StoreyResidentialTowerAreaCycle3,600m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedDecember1998214T.K.O.T.L.55(Phase1)ContractorSanfieldBuildingContractorsLtdBuilding3no52StoreyResidentialDevelopmentAreaCycle3,800m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedMay1999215OlympicStation–SiteCContractorKumagaiGumi(HK)Ltd.Building1no30StoreyOfficeBlockAreaCycle2,350m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedJuly1999216LeeOnRoadContractorTaylorWoodrow–HsinChong(JV)Building8noTowers37StoreyApartmentsAreaCycle18,400m2 4DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedAugust1999217STTL418MaOnShanDeveloperChinachemGroupBuilding2no35StoreyCommercialTowersAreaCycle3,600m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedDecember1999218OlympicStation
SiteBPhases1&3DeveloperContractorSinoLandHipHingConstructionBuilding5no44StoreyResidentialDevelopmentAreaCycle1,760m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedJanuary2000219StubbsRoadContractorHipHingConstructionBuilding1no60StoreyResidentialDevelopmentAreaCycle1,900m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedFebruary2000220TungChungStation
Package2ContractC410ContractorHyundaiEngineering&ConstructionCo.Ltd.Building5noBlocks55StoreyResidentialDevelopmentAreaCycle14,600m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedFebruary2000221TungChungStation
Package3–TCTL3DeveloperHendersonLandDevelopmentCo.Ltd.Building4noBlocks55StoreyResidentialDevelopmentAreaCycle10,000m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedMarch2000222T.K.O.T.L.55(Phase2)ContractorSanfieldBuildingContractorsLtdBuilding4no53StoreyResidentialDevelopmentAreaCycle1,530m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedJune2000223
印度
完成的工程224KandivaliProject,MumbaiDeveloperDynamixE-CubeConst.Building2no19StoreyHighRiseApartmentsAreaCycle2,330m26DaysperFloor六天一层楼AwardedDecember1995225LandbaseLabuurnum,DelhiDeveloperTarapore&Co.Building3no19StoreyLuxuryCondominiumBlocksAreaCycle2,330m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedApril1996226DwarkaPhase2,NaviDelhi-INDIADeveloperLarsen&ToubroLtd.Building4-5StoreyLow&MiddleIncomeGroupDwellingsAreaCycle3,171m210DaysperFloor十天一层楼AwardedMarch2002227CIDCOProject,Sector7,Ghansoli,NaviMumbaiDeveloperSimplexConcretePiles(India)Ltd.Building34no4StoreyBlocksAreaCycle3,168m2200UnitsperMonth一个月两百间单位AwardedJune2002228MMRDAProject,Mankhurd,MumbaiDeveloperLarsen&ToubroLtd.Building39noBlocks6StoreyApartmentsAreaCycle6,087m24-5DaysperFloor四至五天一层楼AwardedNovember2002229CIDCOProject,Sector16,Khargar,MumbaiDeveloperLarsen&ToubroLtd.Building20noBlocks4StoreyApartmentsAreaCycle4,561m24-5DaysperFloor四至五天一层楼AwardedDecember2002230GardenEnclave,Vikhroli,MumbaiDeveloperGodrej&BoyceMfg.Co.Ltd.Building6no21StoreyApartmentBlocksAreaCycle1,171m211DaysperFloor十一天一层楼AwardedJanuary2003231MMRDAProject,VillageMajas,MumbaiDeveloperB.E.Billimoria&Co.Ltd.Building16no8StoreyTenementBlocksAreaCycle3,406m24-5DaysperFloor四至五天一层楼AwardedMay2003232世界各地
完成的工程233RaimonPark–THAILAND(泰国)DeveloperRaimonLandDevelopmentCo.Ltd.Building977no2StoreyTownHousesAreaCycle2,700m22UnitsperDay一天两间屋AwardedMay1993234SriGunnProject-THAILAND(泰国)DeveloperTheRoyalThaiAirforceBuilding3no5&1no11StoreyApartmentBlocksAreaCycle9,500m29&10DaysperFloor九至十天一层楼AwardedOctober1993235EastCoastHousingSEYCHELLES(西西里)DeveloperGovernmentoftheRepublicofSychellesBuilding331no2StoreyHousesAreaCycle2,850m22UnitsperDay一天两间屋AwardedJune1993236Amartapura–INDONESIA(印尼)DeveloperLippoland–HyundaiBuilding2no51&41StoreyCondominiumBlocksAreaCycle4,200m24DaysperFloor四天一层楼AwardedSeptember1995237KarkProjectPhase1&2
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