2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题及答案

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题及答案材料题根据以下材料，（江南博哥）回答1-20题。

CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareassuchasChina,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically1outsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbylocalgovernmentsof2.Theword‘caravanserai’isa3ofthePersianwords‘karvan’,whichmeansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,and‘saray’,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.Thetermcaravanwasusedto4groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,5merchants,travellersorpilgrims.Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemoredeveloped,the6ofthecaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad7possibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing8toextremeweatherconditions.Forthisreason,caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced9theycouldbereachedinaday’straveltime.Caravanseraisservedasaninformal10pointforthevariouspeoplewhotravelledtheSilkRoad.11,thesestructuresbecameimportantcentresforcultural12andinteraction,withtravellerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,13talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly14thedevelopmentofseveralcivilisations.Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand15inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad.16,itwasfrequentlythefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand17suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis18thataround120,000to15,000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,19onlyabout3,000areknowntoremaintoday,manyofwhicharein20.查看材料1.【完形填空】第1题A.displayedB.occupiedC.locatedD.equipped正确答案：C查看材料2.【完形填空】第2题A.privatelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.permanently正确答案：A查看材料3.【完形填空】第3题A.definitionB.transitionC.substitutionD.combination正确答案：B查看材料4.【完形填空】第4题A.classifyB.recordC.describeD.connect正确答案：C查看材料5.【完形填空】第5题A.apartfromB.insteadofC.suchasD.alongwith正确答案：C查看材料6.【完形填空】第6题A.constructionB.restorationC.impressionD.evaluation正确答案：A查看材料7.【完形填空】第7题A.doubtedB.facedC.acceptedD.reduced正确答案：B查看材料8.【完形填空】第8题A.assignedB.subjectedC.accustomedD.opposed正确答案：B查看材料9.【完形填空】第9题A.sothatB.evenifC.nowthatD.incase正确答案：A查看材料10.【完形填空】第10题A.talkingB.startingC.breakingD.meeting正确答案：D查看材料11.【完形填空】第11题A.BythewayB.OnoccasionC.IncomparisonD.Asaresult正确答案：D查看材料12.【完形填空】第12题A.heritageB.revivalC.exchangeD.status正确答案：C查看材料13.【完形填空】第13题A.withregardtoB.inspiteofC.aswellasD.inlinewith正确答案：C查看材料14.【完形填空】第14题A.completingB.influencingC.resumingD.pioneering正确答案：B查看材料15.【完形填空】第15题A.aidedB.investedC.failedD.competed正确答案：A查看材料16.【完形填空】第16题A.RatherB.IndeedC.OtherwiseD.However正确答案：B查看材料17.【完形填空】第17题A.goinforB.standupforC.closeinonD.stockupon正确答案：D查看材料18.【完形填空】第18题A.believedB.predictedC.recalledD.implied正确答案：A查看材料19.【完形填空】第19题A.untilB.becauseC.unlessD.although正确答案：D查看材料20.【完形填空】第20题A.ruinsB.debtC.fashionD.series正确答案：A材料题根据以下材料，回答21-25题。

TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,butthetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonthasofficialsdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.

PatHardy,aconservativememberoftheboardwhosympathiseswiththeviewsoftheenergysector,isresistingproposedchangestosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasisetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmitigationmeasures.

“Inthenationalstandards,everythinghastodowithclimatechange—that’sverylopsided,”sheclaims.“Thereareasmanyscientistsworkingagainstallthepanicofglobalclimatechangeastherearethosewhoarepushingit.Texasisanenergystateandweneedtorecognisethat.Youneedtorememberwhereyourbreadisbuttered.”

Mostscientistsandindependentexpertssharplydisputeherviews.“WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearnintheirpublicschoolsisdeterminedtoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship,”saysDanQuinn,seniorcommunicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-profitgroupthatmonitorspubliceducation.“Theycasuallydismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedopinion.”

AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.

GlennBranch,thecentre’sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsettingstate-levelsciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralisesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,“thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught”,hesays.

Anotherissueisthat,whileclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjectsandatsomeages—suchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschools—itisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculaforyoungerchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.

Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthatconveymoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.

Inothercountries,thepatternofclimatechangepracticesinschoolsisjustaspatchy.AstudythisyearbyUnesco,theUNagency,ofeducationalpoliciesandcurriculain46membernationsshowedthat,while92percentmadeatleastonereferencetoenvironmentalthemes,thedepthofinclusionwasverylowonaverage.Morethanhalfofmembersmadenomentionofclimatechangeinpolicyandcurriculadocuments,andjust19percentdiscussedbiodiversity.“Moreneedstobedonetopreparelearnerswiththeknowledge,skills,valuesandattitudestoactforourplanet,”thereportconcluded.

AaronBenavot,professorofeducationpolicyandleadershipattheUniversityatAlbany,StateUniversityofNewYork,andoneofthereport’sco-authors,warnsthatmeasurementremainsdifficult.“Moreandmorecountriesareembeddingintotheirnationalcurriculaatopiclikeenvironmentalstudiesorecology,”hesays.“But,becauseclimateeducationisnotaseparatesubject,it’sdifficulttoknowhowmuchtimeandpriorityitisgiven.”查看材料21.【阅读理解PartA】Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedtoA.forecastapolicyshiftinTexasschools.B.stresstheconsequencesofclimatechange.C.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting.D.drawthepublic’sattentiontoenergyshortages.正确答案：C查看材料22.【阅读理解PartA】WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?A.Sheexaggeratestheexistingpanic.B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.C.Sheshowsnoconcernforpre-teens.D.Sheexpressesself-contradictoryviews.正确答案：B查看材料23.【阅读理解PartA】ThestudymentionedinParagraph5showsthatA.climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschools.B.policymakershavelittledriveforscienceeducation.C.Texasisreluctanttorewriteitssciencetextbooks.D.environmentalteachinginsomestateslackssupervision.正确答案：A查看材料24.【阅读理解PartA】AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUSA.callforregularrevision.B.requireurgentapplication.C.havelimitedinfluence.D.catertolocalneeds.正确答案：C查看材料25.【阅读理解PartA】ItisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschoolsA.agreetomajorpublicdemands.B.reflectsteachers’personalbias.C.maymisrepresenttheenergysector.D.canbeswayedbyexternalforces.正确答案：D材料题根据以下材料，回答26-30题。

CommunitiesthroughoutNewEnglandhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-termrentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Nowwithrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory,there’sanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworrythatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipforafortuneontheshort-termrentalmarket.

InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percent,housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurtherpressureonanalreadystrainedmarket.TheStateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwould’vemadeitillegalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals.

“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,”saidNickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNewHampshiretowns,“employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,”Taylorsaid.

However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOofalocalassociationofrealter.“Alotofworkersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourismindustryisservicedbythosepeoplecominginshortterm,”Castlesaid,“andsoit’sacyclicaleffect.”

Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKerenHorn,anexpertonaffordablehousingpolicy.“Ithinkindividualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ifit’stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit’sjustempty,whycan’tyoumakemoneyoffit?”Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-termrentalfacilities—defactohotels—tobypasstaxesandregulations.“Ithinkthequestionis,shouldn’tadeveloperwho’sreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel?”Hornsaid.

Attheendof2018,governorCharlieBakerofMassachusettssignedabilltoreininthosepotentialinvestor-buyers.Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestatemandatestheycarryinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofanewstatelevy.Bostontookthingsevenfurther,requiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity’sInspectionalServicesDepartment.

Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitstrugglingcitiesandtowns,but“ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore.”查看材料26.【阅读理解PartA】WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?A.Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.B.Itscommunitiesareinneedoffunding.C.Itsrentalvacancyrateisgoingupslowly.D.Itshomepricesareunderstrictcontrol.正确答案：A查看材料27.【阅读理解PartA】ThebillmentionedinParagraph2wasintendedtoA.curbshort-termrentalspeculation.B.ensurethesupplyofcheaphousing.C.punishillegaldealingsinhousing.D.allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.正确答案：D查看材料28.【阅读理解PartA】ComparedwithCastle,TaylorismorelikelytosupportA.furtherinvestmentinlocaltourism.B.anincreaseinaffordablehousing.C.strictmanagementofrealestateagents.D.afavorablepolicyforshort-termworkers.正确答案：B查看材料29.【阅读理解PartA】WhatdoesHornemphasizeinParagraph5?A.Theurgencytoupgradeshort-termrentalfacilities.B.Theefficientoperationofthelocalhousingmarket.C.Thenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.D.Theproperproceduresforrentingoutsparehouses.正确答案：C查看材料30.【阅读理解PartA】HornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsisA.anirrationaldecision.B.anunfeasibleproposal.C.anunnecessarymeasure.D.aninadequatesolution.正确答案：D材料题根据以下材料，回答31-35题。

Ifyou’reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstones,thebiggestbookretailerintheUK,insearchoftheDuchessofSussex’snewchildren’sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedtohuntaroundabit,thesamemaybetrueofThePresident’sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBillClintonandJamesPatterson.BothofthesebooksarepublishednextweekbyPenguinRandomHouse(PRH),acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwithWaterstones.

Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPRHconfirmedthatithadintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones“ataverysignificantlevel”.ThetrademagazineTheBooksellerreportedthatWaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeingtoldtoremovePRHbooksfromprominentareassuchastables,displayspacesandwindows,andwere“quietlyretiringthemtotheirrelevantsections”.

PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonforWaterstonestoldme:“WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,theonlypublisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.WearenotboycottingPRHtitlesbutwearedoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityforcustomersremainsgooddespitetheloweroveralllevelsofstock.Wearehopefulwithourshopsnowopenagainthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewillbeallowedtobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusy.ThesalesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018.”

Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers.Big-namePRHauthorsmaysufferabit,butit’sthosemid-listauthors,whonormallyrelyonWaterstonesstaff’spassionforpromotingbooksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingforanendtothedispute.

ItcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedabouttheconsequencesoftheproposedmergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,Simon&Schuster—thereductioninthenumberofunalignedUKpublishersislikelytoleadtofewerbiddingwars,loweradvances,andmoreconformityintermsofwhatispublished.

“Thisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpower,”saysliteraryagentAndrewLownie.“Thepublishingindustrytalksaboutdiversityintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneedsapluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.Afterall,manyofthemostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecomefromsmallpublishers.”

Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamongpublisherstobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.查看材料31.【阅读理解PartA】TheauthormentionstwobooksinParagraph1topresentA.anongoingconflict.B.anintellectualconcept.C.aprevailingsentiment.D.aliteraryphenomenon.正确答案：A查看材料32.【阅读理解PartA】WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections?A.Tomakethemeasilynoticeable.B.TocomplywithPRH’srequirement.C.TorespondtoPRH’sbusinessmove.D.Toarrangetheminasystematicway.正确答案：C查看材料33.【阅读理解PartA】WhatmessagedoesthespokespersonforWaterstonesseemtoconvey?A.Theircustomersremainloyal.B.Thecreditlimitwillberemoved.C.Theirstockisunderestimated.D.Thebookmarketisratherslack.正确答案：B查看材料34.【阅读理解PartA】Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?A.Salesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably.B.Lesser-knownPRHwritersbecomethetargetofcriticism.C.Waterstonesstaffhesitatetopromotebig-nameauthors’books.D.Waterstonesbranchessufferaseverereductioninrevenue.正确答案：A查看材料35.【阅读理解PartA】WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie’sview?A.Smallpublishersoughttosticktogether.B.Bigpublisherswilllosetheirdominance.C.Thepublishingindustryishavingahardtime.D.Themergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend.正确答案：C材料题根据以下材料，回答36-40题。

Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Eachyearresearcherspublishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.Thescientificcommunitymeasuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumberofways,includingtheperceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythetitle’simpactfactor)andthenumberofcitationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareersofscientistsandthereputationoftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepaperstheyproduce,butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepapers.

Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspiretoinflatecitationnumbers,haveexistedforalongtime.In2016,researchersdevelopedanalgorithmtorecognizesuspiciouscitationpatterns,includinggroupsofauthorsthatdisproportionatelyciteoneanotherandgroupsofjournalsthatciteeachotherfrequentlytoincreasetheimpactfactorsoftheirpublications.Recently,anotherexpressionofthispredatorybehaviorhasemerged:so-calledsupportserviceconsultanciesthatprovidelanguageandothereditorialsupporttoindividualauthorsandtojournalssometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheirarticles.

Theadventofelectronicpublishingandauthors’needtofindoutletsfortheirpapersresultedinthousandsofnewjournals.Thebirthofpredatoryjournalswasn’tfarbehind.Thesejournalscanactasmilkcowswhereeverysinglearticleinanissuemayciteaspecificpaperoraseriesofpapers.Insomeinstances,thereisabsolutelynorelationshipbetweenthecontentofthearticleandthecitations.Thepeculiarpartisthatthejournalthattheeditorissupposedlyworkingforisnotprofitingatall—itisjustprovidingcitationstootherjournals.Suchpracticescanleadanarticletoaccruemorethan150citationsinthesameyearthatitwaspublished.

Howinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,anindividual—actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant—wasabletouseatleast15journalsascitationproviderstoarticlespublishedbyfivescientistsatthreeuniversities.TheproblemisrampantinScopus,acitationdatabase,whichincludesahighnumberofthenew“international”journals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobeacriteriontobetargetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.

Scopusitselfhasallthedatanecessarytodetectthismalpractice.Redflagsincludealargenumberofcitationstoanarticlewithinthefirstyear.Andforauthorswhowishtosteerclearofcitationcartelactivities:whenaneditorareviewer,orasupportserviceasksyoutoaddinappropriatereferences,donotobligeanddoreporttherequesttothejournal.查看材料36.【阅读理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedetermined

byA.howmanycitationstheirworkscontain.B.howmanytimestheirpapersarecited.C.theprestigeofthepeopletheyworkwith.D.thestatustheyhaveinscientificcircles.正确答案：B查看材料37.【阅读理解PartA】ThesupportserviceconsultanciestendtoA.recommendjournalstotheirclients.B.listcitationpatternstheirclients.C.askauthorstoincludeextracitations.D.advisecontributorstociteeachother.正确答案：C查看材料38.【阅读理解PartA】TheFunctionofthe“milkcow”journalsistoA.boostcitationcountsforcertainauthors.B.helpscholarspublisharticlesatlowcost.C.instructFirst-timecontributorsincitation.D.increasethereadershipofnewjournals.正确答案：A查看材料39.【阅读理解PartA】WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.ItFosterscompetitionamongcitationproviders.B.Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitations.C.Ithindersthegrowthof“international”journals.D.Itestablishedtopreventcitationmanipulation.正确答案：B查看材料40.【阅读理解PartA】Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulators?A.Takelegalaction.B.Demandanapology.C.Seekprofessionaladvice.D.Revealtheirmisconduct.正确答案：D材料题根据以下材料，回答41-45题。

Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Handfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsA,EandHhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Lastyearmarkedthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographsbytherenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Jacksonsnappedthe1st-evershotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColoradoRockies.Onalate19th-centuryexpeditionthroughtheYellowstoneBasinthatwasconductedbytheheadoftheU.S.GeologicalandGeographicalSurveyoftheTerritories,FerdinandV.Hayden.Theteamincludedameteorologist,azoologist,amineralogist,andanagriculturalstatistician.

[B]Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.

[C]AsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeontheexpedition’sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran’spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress.“Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,”saysMurphy.

[D]Throughoutthetrip,Jacksonjuggledmultiplecamerasandplatesizesusingthe“collodionprocess”thatrequiredhimtocoattheplateswithachemicalmixture,thenexposethemanddeveloptheresultingimageswithaportabledarkroom.Thecrudetechniquerequirededucatedguessesonexposuretimes,andinvolvedheavy,awkwardequipment—severalmenhadtoassistinitstransportation.Despitethesechallenges,Jacksoncaptureddozensofstrikingphotos,rangingfrommajesticimageslikehisnow-famoussnapshotofOldFaithful,tocasualportraitsofexpeditionmembersatthecamp.Whileveteransofpreviousexpeditionswroteatlengthaboutstunningtrailsights,thesevividphotographswereanotherthingentirely.

[E]ThejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,UtahonJune8,1871.Overnearlyfourmonths,dozensofmenmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversedalongtheYellowstoneRiverandaroundYellowstoneLake.Thatfall,theyconcludedthesurveyinFortBridger,Wyoming.

[F]ThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea’sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That’swhyHayden’sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.

[G]ThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlargemajoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislationprotectingYellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.GrantsignedanactintolawthatestablishedYellowstoneastheworld’sfirstnationalpark.Somelocalsopposedthedesignation,thedecisionwaslargelyaccepted—andJackson’sphotosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea.“Idon’tbelievethatthelegalprotectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimages,”saysHansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,RangersandRogues,BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.

[H]Perhapsmostimportantly,theimagesprovideddocumentaryevidencethatlatermadeitswaytogovernmentofficials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,Haydencollectedhisteam’sobservationintoanextensiverepaimedatconvincingSenatorsandRepresentatives,alongwithcolleaguesatgovernmentagencylikethedepartmentofInteriorthatYellowstoneoughttobepreserved.

41→A→42→E→43→H→44→45查看材料41.【阅读理解PartB】第41题A.[B]Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.B.[C]AsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeontheexpedition’sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran’spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress.“Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,”saysMurphy.C.[D]Throughoutthetrip,Jacksonjuggledmultiplecamerasandplatesizesusingthe“collodionprocess”thatrequiredhimtocoattheplateswithachemicalmixture,thenexposethemanddeveloptheresultingimageswithaportabledarkroom.Thecrudetechniquerequirededucatedguessesonexposuretimes,andinvolvedheavy,awkwardequipment—severalmenhadtoassistinitstransportation.Despitethesechallenges,Jacksoncaptureddozensofstrikingphotos,rangingfrommajesticimageslikehisnow-famoussnapshotofOldFaithful,tocasualportraitsofexpeditionmembersatthecamp.Whileveteransofpreviousexpeditionswroteatlengthaboutstunningtrailsights,thesevividphotographswereanotherthingentirely.D.[F]ThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea’sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That’swhyHayden’sexpeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.E.[G]ThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlargemajoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislationprotectingYellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.GrantsignedanactintolawthatestablishedYellowstoneastheworld’sfirstnationalpark.Somelocalsopposedthedesignation,thedecisionwaslargelyaccepted—andJackson’sphotosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea.“Idon’tbelievethatthelegalprotectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimages,”saysHansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,RangersandRogues,BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.正确答案：A知识点：第3章>第1节>第一节排序查看材料42.【阅读理解PartB】第42题A.[B]Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforla