初中限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

RevisionofNon-restrictiveAttributiveClausesGrammarFinishthefollowingsentences.1.Hehastwosons____workinthesameplace.2.Hehastwosons,____workinthesameplace.3.Theygaveuptheplan_________theyworkedoutyesterday.4.Theygaveuptheplan,_____wasaverygoodone.whowhothat/whichwhich1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:

限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句就会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号和主句分开。非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切,只是对先行词做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调上须停顿。一般不用that引导。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句译法上

译成先行词的定语：“……的”通常译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上

1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whomA.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.B.SheisgoingtospendthewinterholidayinMacao,whichreturnedtoChinain1999.2.A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.一、限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的,里面都有漂亮的图画。二、有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.三、当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。Shanghai,whichisintheeastofChina,isdevelopingrapidly.五、非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.3.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem非限制性定语从句中的一些问题：非限制性定语从句中,指物时,用which而不用that。Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.Allthebooksthere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.Tipsb.指人时主格用who,宾格用whom,物主格用whose(也可指物)。

MissHowe,whomyoumetinthelibrary,isournewteacher.TheArabs,whoarefamousfortheirhorsesandcamels,usetheseanimalsforworkandinsports.

LiMing,whosemotherhasbeenillfortwodays,isabsentfromschooltoday.c.另外关系副词when(指时间),where(指地点)也可以引导非限制性定语从句(注意关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句，要用forwhich代替why)Helivesinthecity,wherethereisahightower.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949,whenhewasborn.

Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhich

Ididn’tattendthemeeting.

我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。

Ihadtoldthemthereasonwhy

Ididn'tattendthemeeting.

我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。

(限制性定语从句“thereasonwhy...”是常见搭配。)d.介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语从句。

WuDong,with

whomIwenttoseethefilm,enjoyeditverymuch.Herbag,inwhichsheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.ThestoryabouttheLongMarch,ofwhichthisisanexample,arewellwritten.在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeofwhomcomefromtheUS.e.as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As位置灵活,有“正如”之意,which在句中。

Smoking,asweknow,isharmfultoone’shealth.Thesunsendsoutlightandheat,whichmakesitpossibleforlivingthingstoexistontheearth.

1.as既可以指前面提到过的事实或情况,因此as

可以放在句首、句末,也可以插入主句中,而which

指前面提到的事实或情况,一般放在主句之后

(有时也可用as)。如：

Asourteacherpointsout,thatbookisofbenefittoeveryone.Heatisaformofenergy,asisknowntoallofus．

Thismachine,asmightbeexpected,hasstoppedoperating．

2.As含有正如、按照、正像之意,as一般用在肯定句中,而which则可以用于含否定意义的句子中，如：

Hefailedintheexamagain,aswasexpected.Hefailedintheexamagain,whichwasunexpected．

3.下列固定结构,一般不能用which,

如：

ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述

asoftenhappens正像经常发生的那样

asiswellknown众所周知

aswillbeshowninFig3将如图3所示

asweknow正如我们知道的那样

asmaybeimagined这可以想象得出来

asweallcansee正如我们大家看到的那样

asfollows如下1.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.

A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

此为非限定性从句,不能用that修饰,而用which.it和he都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。CUseyourhead!

2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.itwhich可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。B3.Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.

A.that

B.which

C.as

D.it4.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_____muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhomBD5.Chinahasmanyrivers,____theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhichC6.A.Pisaisacity,___hasaleaningtower.B.Pisaisacity,____thereisaleaningtower.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.thereAC7.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.WhoB.whichC.thisD.what8.Doyouknowthereason____hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhichBD9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,____writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheEnglishplay___mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhichBC11.Thisistheveryknife____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhichD12.YesterdayMr.Lifinallyboughthisownhouse,_______isahospital.A.inwhereB.totheeastofwhichC.totheeastofitD.intheeastofthat13.Mybrother'spurse,_______heput

￥1,000,wasmissingonthebus.A.thereB.whichC.inwhichD.that14.Hisglasses,_______hecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.A.whichB.withoutwhichC.withwhichD.withoutthose15.Thecomputer,_______hepaid￥3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.A.whichB.forwhichC.thatD.tothat16.Inthepastwelostmanychances,_______wepaidlittleattention.

A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.towhich17.Thepen,_______Ihadbeenwritingfortenyears,wasbroken.

A.withwhichB.withthatC.asD.withit18.Maryhastwobrothers,________aredoctors.A.bothoftheyB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.whomofboth19.OnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,from_______homethethiefhadstolenacomputer.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whose高考链接--2010

(10福建24)StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_____lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.that B.where C.which D.whose2.(10湖南28)I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.who B.whereC.whenD.which BA

高考链接--2009

(09山东24)WheneverImether,______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.whoB.whichC.whenD.that2.(09宁夏海南28)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermetbefore.A.them B.whoC.whom D.theseBC高考链接--20081.TheywillflytoWashington,____theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(2008重庆)A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when2.Occasionsarequiterare____Ihavethetimetospendadaywiththekids.(08山东)

A.who B.whichC.whyD.whenA

D

3.I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,____Icanbereachedmostevenings.(08北京卷)A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where4.Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.(2008安徽卷)A.whyB.whereC.whichD.thatA

B

高考链接

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