建筑英语课件-5

建筑英语主讲：杜鹃ARCHITECTUREENGLISHArchitectureSchoolofSIASUNITFive

WORLDFAMOUSBUILDINGSArchitectureisthatgreatlivingcreativespiritwhichfromgenerationtogeneration,fromagetoage,proceeds,persists,creates,accordingtothenatureofman,andhiscircumstancesastheychange.Thatisarchitecture.——FrankLloydWright,1937

ArchitectureTimelineAncientEgypt古埃及建筑Classical古典式Byzantine拜占庭式Romanesque罗马式Gothic哥特式风格Renaissance文艺复兴时期Baroque&Rococo巴洛克和洛可可Neoclassicism新古典主义ArtNouveau新艺术运动BeauxArts美术学院派风格ArtDeco装饰艺术风格ModernistStyles现代主义Postmodernism后现代主义

FrankLloydWright

UnityChapelSpringGreenWisconsin1886AbrahamLincolnCenterChicagoIllinois1903FrederickC.RobieHouseChicagoIllinois1908ImperialHotelTokyoJapan1915TaliesinEastSpringGreenWisconsin1925FallingwaterBearRunPennsylvania1935TaliesinWestScottsdaleArizona1937GuggenheimMuseumManhattanNewYork1943–1956V.C.MorrisGiftShopSanFranciscoCalifornia1948PriceTowerBartlesvilleOklahoma1952

FrankLloydWright’sworksUnityChapelFrederickC.RobieHouseAbrahamLincolnCenterFrankLloydWright’sworksImperialHotelTaliesinEastTaliesinWestFrankLloydWright’sworksSolomonR.GuggenheimMuseumFrankLloydWright’sworksV.C.MorrisGiftShopPriceTowerFallingwater流水别墅课文翻译Paragraph1-1

FallingwaterisaluxuryvacationretreatFrankLloydWrightdesignedin1936forBearRun,Pennsylvania,andPittsburghmillionaireEdgarKaufmann.Cantileveredoverawaterfall,thismagnificenthomehasprobablybeen

photographed,writtenabout,analyzed,andapplaudedmorethananyotherWright’sbuilding.Notonlydidwinhimenormousacclaimatthetimebutitisregardedasoneofhisfineststructureseverbuilt.流水别墅是一个豪华度假山庄，位于宾夕法尼亚州的熊跑溪河畔，由弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特于1936年为匹兹堡百万富翁埃德加·考夫曼所设计。如悬臂一样临于瀑布之上，这个壮丽的住宅可能被拍照，被描写，被分析和得到的喝彩远远超过赖特的其他任何建筑。这不仅在那时为他赢得了极大的赞誉，而且它被认为是有史以来赖特最为优秀的结构之一。cantilever:v.如悬臂向外突出retreat：n.撤退；隐居处Fallingwater课文翻译Paragraph1-2

Onecriticcallsit“themostfamousmodernhouseintheworld”,whileanothersaysitis“oneofthecompletemasterpieceofthe20thcenturyart”.Thearchitectexploitedhisopportunitytothefullest,onethathundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavegoneoutoftheirwaytoseeandthatalmosteveryoneacknowledgestobevirtually

unsurpassed.一位评论家称之为“世界最著名的现代住宅”，而另一个说它是“20世纪艺术完全的杰作之一”。在这个建筑中，设计师将他的机会利用到淋漓尽致，（一个）令数十万人不辞长途来参观和了解，而几乎每个人都承认其是无与伦比的。virtually:adv.实际上；几乎unsurpassed：adj.未被超越的；非常卓越的课文翻译Paragraph2-1

OneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsofFallingwaterisitsabsoluterefusaltobeconfined.Fallingwaterseemstotakeflighteverywayatonce,makingitexceptionallydifficulttovisualizeortodescribetosomeonewhohasnotseenit.(Mostphotographsdonotcompletecaptureit.)This,infact,mayhavebeenoneofWright’sobjectives:todefydescription,todestroycategories.流水别墅最显著的特征之一是其全然拒绝被限制。流水别墅看起来像是同时向每个方向飞翔，使得对它的视觉想象或向没有见过的人描述它变得格外困难。（绝大多数照片没能完整的捕捉到它）。这，事实上，可能是赖特的目标之一：蔑视具象描述，摧毁类型固化。visualize：v.

使...看得见defy:v.藐视；反抗category：n.种类；类别课文翻译Paragraph2-2

“Ithasnolimitationsastoform,”heonceremarked.Sodifficultvisuallytocomprehend—soimpossibletoharness,asitwere—Fallingwaterdisruptedexpectationsaboutwhatahouseshouldbeordo.Visitorsaresurprised,forexample,byitscomparativelyfewrooms,assumingittobemuchlargerthanitis.“它对形式没有任何限制，”他曾经谈到。如此的难以直观地理解，如此的无法驾驭，就像它这样-流水别墅打破了关于住宅应该是什么或者应该怎么做的预期。游客们感到惊讶，例如，因其相对较少的房间，以为其空间远远大于它实际的大小。visually：adv.视觉上地harness:n.控制；马具assume:v.(想当然的)认为课文翻译Paragraph2-3

Mostofitsfloorspace,surfacearea,andexpenseweredevotedtoamassivelivinganddiningroomandto

terracesandcanopy

slabsshootingoutinseveraldirections,whileitsthreebedroomsandtheusualservicestakeupasmallproportionsofitsthreelevels.Fallingwaterwasnotsomuchafamilyresidenceasaweekendentertainmentretreatand,liketheGuggenheimMuseuminNewYork,ispartlyan

exerciseinarchitecturalsculpture.它大部分的建筑面积、表面积和建造费用都用在了巨大的起居室和餐厅、露台和朝几个方向发散的雨蓬板上，而它的三间卧室和常规服务间只占据了三层中的一小部分。流水别墅与其说是作为周末娱乐隐居的一个家庭住宅，还不如说，像纽约的古根海姆博物馆一样，一定程度上更像是建筑雕塑的一种实践。Terrace：n.平台，阶地；

阳台Canopy:n.

[建]顶篷,雨篷slab：n.平板；厚板ThefloorplanTheSouthElevation课文翻译Paragraph2-4

Itshouldnotbeaccusedof“impracticality”orunnecessaryexpense;forasHenry-RussellHitchcockhaswiselystated,architecturelivesnotonly“throughthesolutionofgenericproblems[towhichWrightdevotedconsiderableattention]butquiteasmuchbythethrillandacclaimofuniquemasterpieces”.它不应该被指责为“不切实际”或不必要的花费，因为亨利·罗素·希区柯克明智地指出，建筑不仅是“通过一般问题的解决方案[而赖特相当重视这点]而延续的，更像是独特杰作带来的激动和喝彩”。generic：adj.类的；

一般的trill：n.激动；引起激动的事物课文翻译Paragraph3-1

Likefewotherbuildingsbeforeorsince,Fallingwaterexploitedsitetoadvantage.Twounbelievablycantileveredterraces,partiallyshelteredonebytheotherandbyslabroofcanopies,crosstwelvefeetaboveawaterfallinBearRunwhichpassesinfrontofthestructure’sledge

onwhichitrests,

whilethevertical

thrustofastonefireplaceandchimneystakes

thehousefirmlyinplace,echoingtheplungingstream,reachingforthesky.像之前或之后其他一些建筑，流水别墅利用了基地的优势。两个难以置信的悬臂式露台，部分地以其一和屋顶雨篷板遮蔽另一个，在熊跑溪瀑布上方12英尺的地方交叉，溪水从结构挑台（在其所倚靠的岩石之上）的前方流过，而石头壁炉和烟囱垂直地插入，像打桩一样将房子固定到位，呼应溪流飞泻，延伸至深远的天空。ledge：n.架状突出物stake：v.用桩支撑plunging：adj.跳进的；突然往下ledgetheverticalthrustofastonefireplaceandchimneyFallingwateFallingwate课文翻译Paragraph3-2

Itscompositionisanabstractreformulationofitsnaturalsite,apoetic

butnoaliteralinterpretationofthedefiningfeaturesofitslocale.WithoutFallingwater,BearRunwouldhaveremainedabeautifulforeststream,likethousandsofothers;butwithit,theplacebecameunique.Herewasanunsurpassedexampleofhumanitymakingtheworldabetterplace,ofartworkingtoimprovenature.FallingwateralsosupportedWright’scontention

thatanorganicbuildingwasappropriateonlyonitsparticularspot,andnowhereelse.它的组成是对其天然基地一种抽象的再形成，一个充满诗意但不是拘于场地限定特征的字面解释。如果没有流水别墅，熊跑溪将仍然是一个美丽的森林溪流，像成千上万的其他溪流一样，但有了它，这个地方就成了独一无二的。这是一个因人文使这个世界更美好，由艺术创作来改善自然的卓越例子。流水别墅也支持了赖特的论点，即有机建筑只在其特定地点是合适的，而非其它地方。spot：n.地点；场所locale:n.现场，场所课文翻译Paragraph4-1

ButFallingwaterachieveditstruestmeasureofgreatnessinthewayittranscendedsitetospeaktouniversalhumanconcerns.Initsstartling

departurefromtraditionalmodesofexpression,itrevealedanaspirationforfreedomfromimposedlimitations;andinitssuccessfulpartnershipwithenvironment,itwas

guideposttohumanity’sproperrelationshipwithnature.Fallingwaterwasalsoaresolutionofdichotomies.但流水别墅以超脱于场地而表达普世关切的方式实现了其最大程度上真实的伟大。其与传统的表达模式的分离令人吃惊，它显示了一个对脱离所施加的限制而得到自由的渴望，并成功地与自然环境建立了伙伴关系，它是人类与自然建立恰当关系的路标。流水别墅也是（人与自然的）截然对立的一种解决办法。transcended：v.超越；胜过startling：a..令人吃惊的dichotomy：n.分裂；二分法课文翻译Paragraph4-2

Atthesametimestrikinglysubstantialanddangerouslyephemeral,itissecurelyanchoredtorockandledge,butseemstoleapintospace.Itembodieschangeandchangelessness

simultaneously,foritsimperishablestoneandconcreteelementsfromentirelynewcompositionsastheangleofvisionshifts.Solidrockandrushingwaterreflectthepermanenceandimpermanenceoflifeitself.虽同时拥有惊人的庞大体量和危险如同昙花一现的架构，它被稳固地锚定在岩石和凸状结构上，但看起来像跃入空中一样。它同时体现了变化性和不变性，因从视线转换的角度来看其不腐的石材和混凝土构件形成的全新的组合。坚固的岩石和奔腾的流水反映出生命本身的持久性和无常性。Ephemeral：a.短暂的anchor:v.停泊；用锚系住embody：v.使具体化FallingwateFallingwate课文翻译Paragraph4-3

Fallingwatersinksitsrootsdeeplyintothegroundtogrowoutofitssitemorelikeaplantthanmostotherbuildings,yetitisamasterpieceofconstructiontechnique.Composedoflotsofrectangles,itisneverredundant;builtofinnumerablepiecesofvaryingsizeandmaterial,itneverthelessachieveaunityfewstructuresapproach.流水别墅将它的根深深的扎入地下，比大多数其他建筑物更像是一株植物从基地中生长出来，然而它是精密的施工技术所造就的杰作。由大量的矩形组成，它从来都没有冗余的;由无数不同尺寸和材质的构件建造而成，但它实现了几种结构方式的统一。Sink:v.下沉；渗透innumerable:adj.无数的；数不清的TheinteriorofFallingwater课文翻译Paragraph4-4

Fallingwaterisastudyinopposites—motionandstability,changeandpermanence,powerandephemeralness—thatmakethehumancondition