词根词缀构词法

GrammarGrammar(1)

Conversion

词性转化指的是单词从一个词类转到另一个词类而不发生词形的变化。它包括很多类别，如名词动词、动词名词、形容词动词、副词动词等。1.名词转化为动词2.形容词转化为动词3.副词转化为动词4.动词转化为名词5.形容词转化为名词1.名词转化为动词1)许多表示物件的名词可转化为动词来表示动作

Whochairedthemeeting?

谁主持会议？Itcanseatathousandpeople.能坐一千人。

Eachapartmentcanhouseafamilyofsix.

每套房间可以住一户六口之家。Ihopewecanroomtogether. 我希望我们能住同一个房间。

Thishelpedtobridgeoverourdifficulties.

这帮助我们度过了困难。

Theyfloweredwellbutborelittlefruit.

它们花开得很好，但果结得不多。

2)表示身体某部分的名词转化为动词

Handinyourexercise-books,please. 请把练习本交上来。We'llbackyouup. 我们将作你的后盾。Whoheadedthedelegation? 谁任代表团团长？

3)表示某类人的名词转化为动词

Ifso,weshallbebadlyfooled.

如果这样我们就会上大当。

Heinsistedonstayinguptonursethechild.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个小孩。

Wewerehostedbymembersoftheembassy.

我们受到大使馆成员的款待。4)抽象名词等转化为动词

Wheredoswallowswinter? 燕子在哪里过冬？ WesummeredbyLakeGeneva. 我们在日内瓦湖畔度过夏天。 Forsixdaysandnightstheybattledtosavehislife. 他们苦战了六昼夜来抢救他的生命。 Throughmychildhood,Ihadhungeredforeducation. 我从小就盼望上学。

5）特定场合下的转化Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.他再说理时“如果”和“但是”用得太多了。Thisbookisamustforstudentsofelectronics.这是学电子学的学生的一本必读书。Followthefollowingdosanddon’tsinthelab.在实验室一定要遵守“能做的事”和“不能做的事”。2.形容词转化为动词Dry,narrow,quiet,clear,warm,slow,tidy等词都可转化为动词。Theroomgradually

quieted

down.屋里慢慢的静了下来。Theyfinallyfreedthemselvesfromslaves.他们最后把自己从奴隶制度下解放出来。Pleasetidyyourroom.请整理好你的房间。 Thetrainsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.

火车速度慢了一半。 Thisisthechiefwayofnarrowingthedifferencebetweenthem.

这是缩小他们之间差距的主要办法。

Pleasewarmupthedishoverthestove. 请把菜放在炉子上加热一下。

Theroomgraduallyquieteddown. 室内慢慢静了下来。

3.副词转化为动词Thishelpedtofurthertheirunity.这有助于促进他们的团结。Truthwillout.真相总会大白的。3000workerstheredownedtools.那儿三千工人罢工了。Pleaseforwardthelettertomynewaddress.请把信转到我的新地址。Shewilloffanddoherownthings.她将走掉去做自己的事。4.动词转化为名词

Westoppedthereforaswim. 我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。

Thisisforwinterwear.Don'tmakeittootight.

这是冬天穿的，别做得太紧。 Ilikeaquietreadaftersupper. 晚饭后我喜欢静静地看一会儿书。 Womenhaveanequalsayineverything. 妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。

*有时动词转化成名词后意思有一定的变化Hehasaboutthesamebuildashisbrother.他的体型和他哥哥差不多。Womenhaveequalsayineverything.妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。Hewontwogames;theothertwoweredraws.他赢了两局，另外两局打平了。

5.形容词转化为名词

Hedidn'twanttodisturbthequietneededbypatients.

他不愿打扰病人需要的安静环境。

Theboyisadear.

他是个招人喜爱的孩子。

Thereisonlyoneblackinmyclass. 我们班上只有一名黑人学生。

Exercise:Rewritethesentencesastheexampleshows.Example:What’stheanswer?Theywantmetoanswerthequestion.TheChicagoBullswontheirfirstchampionshipin1991.Therewasafirstchampionship________fortheChicagoBullsin1991.win2.Jordansurprisedeveryonewhenheretired.Itwas_________foreveryonewhenheretired.3.Theychangedtherulesofthegametotrytostophim.Therewas_________intherulestotrytostophim.asurpriseachangeMoreExerciseHisanswerwas“No”. He__________“No”.2. MydreamwastoplayfortheShanghaiSharks. I_________ofplayingfortheShanghaiSharks.answereddreamed3.TheintervieweraskedMichaelJordansomequestionsabouthiscareer. Theinterview_________MichaelJordanabouthiscareer.4.Attheendofthefirsthalfthescorewas2-0toChina. China______2-0attheendofthefirsthalf.questionedscored5.Thestarofthefilmwasayoungbasketballplayer,Leroy.

Ayoungbasketballplayer,Leroy,________inthefilm.starredExercise3.1.Alotofyoungboys_________aboutplayingintheNBA.2.The_________ofthegamewasincredible—169to147.3.MichaelJordanwasthebiggest_________oftheChicagoBullsformanyyears.4.Myuncle_________asatrainerfortheShanghaiSharks.5.Theteacheroftenasksus_________aboutbasketball.dreamworkstarresultquestionnounnounverbnounverbworkedquestionsdreamresultstarAnswerstoexercise4.1.broke2.head3.record4.played5.headed6.recorded7.play8.breakReadthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontotheunderlinedwords.Chamberlainaveragedover50pointsagameforanentireseason.2.Hisaveragewasmorethan30pointsagame.3.Jordanwasthesecondplayertoscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason.4.Thefinalscorewas169-147.v.平均n.平均数v.得分n.得分ExerciseCompletethesentenceswiththewords.He_____hisarmplayingbasketball.YaoMinginjuredhis_____duringagame.Jordan’stotalofpointsisaworld________.Chamberlain_______forfourdifferentNBAteams.BreakheadplayrecorddreambrokeheadrecordplayedAfterthegame,thefuns_______fortheexit.We__________thecommentaryofthegameonacassette.Hastherebeenafilmora______aboutbasketball?Manyboys________aboutplayingintheNBA.Therewasaten-minute_______inthegame,becauseaplayerwasinjured.Hischildhood_______hascometrue.headedrecordedplaydreambreakdreamBreakheadplayrecorddreamBreakheadplayrecorddreamhappy→unhappy（加前缀）blackadj.（黑）→toblackenv.（使变黑）(加后缀）名词兼动词的care的派生词有：carefuladj.carefullyadv.

carefulnessn.

Grammar(2)

派生法（derivation）定义：派生法是在一个单词(词根)加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)，构成一个新单词的构词法。前缀prefixnon­，un­，dis­，in­，im­，ir­，il­+adj/adv/n表否定意义

2.un-,dis+v

表相反3.mis+v,表“错”“误”7.由前缀a-构成的副词前缀a-表达了介词at,on,in,away,from,up,to,out的词义。afloat(飘浮着)，abreast(并肩地，并排地)，afoot(在步行中，在进行中)，ashore(上岸，在陆上)，aside(在旁边，到旁边)，aboard(在船上)，afire(燃烧着)。⑩-ard,-art,

表示“做……的人”coward,laggard,braggart(夸张者)⑨-ant,-ent

distant,important,excellent⑩-ish

boyish,girlish,childish,foolish4.副词后缀-ly表方式，程度possibly,swiftly,simply,freely,clearly-ward,-wards向..;朝..方向downward,upward，forward，eastward；inwards,afterwards-ways在..方向，以..方式always,sideways，crossways(交叉地)-wise在..位置，以..方向otherwise,clockwise(顺时针方向地)④-ish,表示“使，令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish⑤-ate,表示“成为……，处理，作用”separate,operate,

indicate用法例词n+ful

powerfulhopefulwonderfulpainfulbeautifulhelpfuln.+less构成词义相反的adjendlesshomelesscarelessfearlessn,.+icHistoricartisticfantasticdramaticpoeticn.+alNationalenvironmentaln.+iveActiveexpensive用法例词n.+ousfamouscourageousn.+ablecomfortablereasonablen.+iblesensibleresponsiblen.+yrainysunnycloudywindyn.+lyfriendlymonthly2.形容词后缀-able,-iblemovable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible-alnatural,additional,educational-an,aneurban,suburban,republican-ant,-entdistant,important,excellent-ishboyish,childish-fulbeautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful-ousdangerous,generous,courageous,various4.副词后缀-lypossibly,swiftly,simply-ward,-wardsdownward,inwards,upward-waysalways,sideways-wiseotherwise,clockwise用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。Ifyougobytrain,youcanhavequitea____________(comfort)journey,butmakesurethatyoutakeanexpresstrain.Sheisateacherwith________(end)patience,soallchildreninherclasslikeherverymuch.

comfortable

endless3.After_______(care)considerationwedecidedtoofferyouthejob.4.Shewason_______(friend)termswithmostofthehospitalstaff.5.Nomatterhow_________(power)theenemyseem,wemustfightthemtotheend.carefulfriendlypowerfulExerciseWritesentencesaboutyourfavouritesportorpastime.UseasmanywordsasyoucanfromActivity4.高考链接Attimes,worryingisanormal,____responsetoadifficulteventorsituation–alovedonebeingin