新视野第三版第一册Unit 4

1HeroesamongusUnit4SectionA

AIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITYAheroisamanwhodoeswhathecan.

—RomainRollandHeroismislatentineveryhumansoul.

—JoshuaLawrenceChamberlain14UNITContentsWarming-upactivitiesTextstudyLanguageapplicationSummaryHeroesamongusSectionA1.Whoisthegreatestheroinyourmind?AndWhy?

Shortanswerquestions

TipsAgoodheartThereadinesstolendahandtopeopleintroubleThecouragetoriskone’sownlifetohelpothersindangerThedeterminationtofightforhisowncountryandpeople2.Whatmakesaheroinyoureyes?ShortanswerquestionsNelsonMandelaWhoisNelsonMandela曼德拉?Whywashesofamous?TipsthefirstblackPresidentofSouthAfricaananti-apartheidactivisttheleaderofthearmedwingoftheAfricanNationalCongressbearrestedandsentencedtolifeinprisonserve27yearsinprisonleadhispartytoendapartheidafterhisreleasebringaboutapeacefultransitiontononracialdemocracyinSouthAfricareceivethe1993NobelPeacePrizeMainidea&structureLanguagefocusCriticalthinkingTextstudyHeroesamongusSectionAMainideasofthepartsTipsWhatthesisstatementdoestheauthormakeaboutheroestoday?(Para.1)Theword“hero”becomesmorecommonandisusedtorefertobothvictimsandsurvivorsofallkindsofdifficultiesandtragedies.Mainidea&structureTipsWhatquestiondoestheauthorraiseafterwards?(Para.1)Whoaretheheroesamongus?MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structurePartI—(Para.1)commonvictimsTodaytheword“hero”becomesmore________andisusedtorefertoboth_______and________ofallkindsofdifficultiesandtragedies.survivorsMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureWhatexamplesofheroicdeedsdoestheauthorprovideinPara.2and3?TipsPara2:_________________,whoranthroughdangerinamassshootingandsavedthelifeofhisbossandfriend,GabrielleGiffords.Para3:_______________,whosavedhiswifebyshieldingherfromthehailofbulletsinthemassshooting.DanielHernardezDoryStoddardMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureWhatconclusiondoestheauthordrawfromthetwoexamples?(Para.4)TipsTheyarecivilianheroes.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structurePartII—(Paras.2-4)BothDanielandDoryare_______heroesastheyactedinstinctivelywith________and______whensituationscallfor.civiliancouragegraceMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureStructure(Paras.1-4)QuestionExamples

ConclusionMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureTipsArefirstrespondersconsideredheroes,too?MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure

Firstrespondersarealsohonoredasheroes.Conclusion(implied):TipsSergeantRyanRussell,whotriedtostopadrunkdriverinastolensnowplowwithonlyhispolicecarandhisgoodwilltohelpothers,andwaskilled.Whatistheexampleoffirstresponders?(Para.6)WhatisthequestionraisedbytheauthorinPara.5?Question-Example-ConclusionPatternThesepeoplewerecalledheroesbecausetheyperformedactsof_____________________.TipsAccordingtothewriter,whatwereheroesinthepast?(Para.7)extraordinarycourageMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureTipsWhatareheroesnowadays?(Para.8)Nowadays,ourheroesare________menandwomen.ComparisonandContrastParagraph7Paragraph8averageMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureQuestion:Dofirstresponderswhofailtoachievetheirgoalsintheireffortsbecomeheroes?(Para.9)Example:EleanorMcMahonwassurethatSgt.Russellwasindeedaherobecauseheshoweddistinctcouragewhentryinghardtostopthesnowplowbeforeithurtothers.Shestronglyargued:It’snaturalforcivilianstorushtowardsafetyandawayfromdanger.Butheroesoffirstrespondersrushtowarddangertohelpthoseinneed.(Paras.10-11)Conclusion:Weexpectfirstresponderstorushforward,especiallywhenweorourlovedonesareindanger.Sowhentheydiedoingthat,weshouldrecognizetheirheroicefforts.(Para.12)MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureQuestion-Example-ConclusionPatternPara.III—(Paras.5-12)Firstrespondersareheroesnomattertheysucceedintheirefforttosavepeopleorgetinjuredorkilledintheirefforts.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureTipsListentotheconclusionforthewholetextandfillintheblanks.(Para.13)The_________storiesofheroes,bothcivilianheroesandfirstresponders,showthatordinarypeoplecando____________thingswhethertheyarecarryingouttheirduties,oraspartintheirdailylife.Weshouldnotonly______them,butalsochangethesituationsthatmayleadtotheirdeath.Weshouldtrytoactheroicallyif______________callonus.inspiringextraordinaryhonorcircumstancesMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureThestoriesofheroeshelpremindusthatordinarypeoplecandoextraordinarythingsand,beinginspiredbythem,wecanalsobeheroeswhencircumstancescallonustoactheroically.Para.IV—(Para.13)MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureTextAisanessayonpeople’sviewaboutwhatmakesahero.Itispointedoutthatinthepasttheword“hero”wasreservedforthosewhoperformedactsofcouragebeyondthecallofdutyorforgreatleaders,whiletodayheroescanbeordinarypeoplelikeus.Besides,firstresponders,whosedutyistorushtowarddanger,arealsoheroes,evenwhentheireffortsfailedtobringaboutdesirableeffects.Hopefully,wewillalsoactheroicallywhencircumstancescallonus.MainideaofthepassageMainidea&structureExample1(civilianheroes)StructureofthetextQuestion1.DanielHernardezsavedhisbossandfriend.2.DoryStoddardsavedhiswife.Conclusion:BothDanielandDoryarecivilianheroesastheyactedinstinctivelywithcourageandgracewhensituationscallfor.Mainidea&structureExample1(civilianheroes)QuestionExample2(Firstresponderheroes)FirstrespondersarealsohonoredasheroesascanbeseenfromtheexampleofSergeant.RyanRussell.Heroesinthepastwerethosewhoperformedactsofextraordinarycouragewhiletodayheroesareaveragemenandwomen.Weexpectfirstresponderstorushtowarddanger.Sowhentheydiedoingthat,weshouldrecognizetheirheroicefforts.StructureofthetextMainidea&structureExample1(civilianheroes)QuestionExample2(Firstresponderheroes)ConclusionTheencouragingstoriesofheroes,bothcivilianheroesandfirstresponders,showthatordinarypeoplecandoheroicthings.Weshouldnotonlyhonorthem,butalsochangethesituationsthatmayleadtotheirdeath.Weshouldtrytoactheroicallyifcircumstancescallonus.StructureofthetextMainidea&structureExamplesQuestionConclusionStructureofthetextMainidea&structure按压，给…施加压力(injury/bleed)Youcanapplypressureontheinjurytomakethebloodbleedslower.applypressureto/on短语逆译短语应用你可以按压伤口让血流的慢些。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus使……免受……(shield…from…/invasion/servicemen)Itisthedutyofservicementoshieldtheircountryfrominvasion.shieldsb.fromsth.短语逆译短语应用保护祖国不受侵略是军人的职责。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus被卷入；陷入(becaughtupin/demonstration/beguaranteed)Thesafetyofthosestudentscaughtupinthedemonstrationmustbeguaranteed.be/getcaughtupin短语逆译短语应用那些被卷入游行示威的学生的安全必须得到保证。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus保留；预留(reservefor/furtherdiscussion)

Thisquestionmustbereservedforfurtherdiscussion.reservesth.forsb./sth.短语逆译短语应用这个问题必须留待进一步讨论。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus理解；认同(jobapplication/reject/befrustrated/relateto)Iknowhewasveryfrustratedwhenhisjobapplicationwasrejected.Icanrelatetothat.relatetosth./sb.短语逆译短语应用我知道他的求职申请被拒后他很沮丧。我能理解他的感受。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus理解，弄懂某事(makesenseof/competition)Ican’tmakeanysenseofhisgivingupthecompetitionatthelastminute.makesenseofsth.短语逆译短语应用我无法搞懂他为什么在最后一刻放弃比赛。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus授权(contract/giveauthorityto/researchmembers)Thecontractgivesauthoritytoresearchmemberstouseanythinginthelaboratory.短语逆译短语应用合同授权研究人员使用实验室里的任何东西。意群提示giveauthoritytoPracticalphrasesLanguagefocus依靠；指望(counton/foreignaid/relieve/famine)Theydecidednottocountonforeignaidtorelievethefamine.短语逆译短语应用他们决定不依靠外援来缓解饥荒。意群提示countonPracticalphrasesLanguagefocusLanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsFunctionalpatternsFunctions&usages1.Itusedtobethat…

用于表达“过去的某一习惯或情况现在已不存在”，表示与目前习惯或情况有所不同。2.Sb./Sth.is….Soissb./sth.else/Soaresomeotherpeople/someotherthings.用于表达“人或事物之间的相似之处”。3.Sb.dosth.,especiallywhen….用于表达“某人最有可能做某事的一种条件”。4.Sb.dosth.by….Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,sb.dosth.by…用于表达“对某人而言更为重要的行为方式”。在过去，“英雄”一词仅限于称呼那些做出超乎职责范围的特别英勇的行为的人们。

原句译文逆译练习Itusedtobethatthewordherowasreservedforthosewhoperformedactsofdistinctcouragebeyondthecallofduty.句型提炼LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsItusedtobethat…句型提炼应用提示用于表达“过去的某一习惯或情况现在已不存在”，表示与目前习惯或情况有所不同。句型应用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns(supremepower/image)典型例句在过去，只有享受至高无上权利的皇家才能使用龙的形象。意群提示Itusedtobethattheimageofdragoncouldonlybeusedbyroyalfamiliesthatenjoyedthesupremepower.LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns一位战士冒着枪林弹雨去抢救其他战友，他被看作英雄。同样，超凡卓越的具有传奇色彩的领袖人物也是英雄，比如纳尔逊·曼德拉。被囚禁于单人牢房27年后，曼德拉终于摆脱了牢狱生活。原句译文逆译练习Asoldierwhorunsthroughgunfiretorescueothermilitarypersonnelisseenasahero.Soarelarger-than-lifeleaderssuchasNelsonMandela,whoemergedafter27yearsofjail,confinedinasolitarychamber.句型提炼LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsSb./Sth.is….Soissb./sth.else./Soaresomeotherpeople/someotherthings.

句型提炼应用提示用于表达“两个人或事物之间的相似之处”。句型应用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns(painstakingefforts/valuableasset/setback)典型例句在你的人生中，通过不懈努力取得的成功是宝贵的财富。同样，帮助你逐步走向成熟的人生挫折也是财富。意群提示Successthatyouachievethroughpainstakingeffortsisseenasvaluableassetinyourlife.Soarethesetbacksthathelpyoutobecomematuregradually.LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns我们指望应急人员冲向危险，尤其是当我们自身或我们所爱的人身处险境时。原句译文逆译练习Wecountonfirstresponderstorushtowarddanger,especiallywhenitinvolvesusorthosewelove.句型提炼LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsSb.dosth.,especiallywhen….句型提炼应用提示用于表达“某人最有可能做某事的一种条件”。句型应用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns(recall/strike)典型例句我喜欢回忆过去，特别是当孤寂来袭之时。意群提示Iloverecallingthepast,especiallywhenlonelinessstrikes.LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns我们向消防队员、警察和普通平民致敬，赞扬其英雄精神。也许，甚至更为重要的是，我们要通过努力改变让他们遭遇不幸的环境来向他们致敬。原句译文逆译练习Wehonorthefireman,thepoliceman,andtheaveragecitizenbyrecognizingtheirheroism.Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,wehonorthembyworkingtochangethecircumstancesthatledtotheirdeath.句型提炼LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsSb.dosth.by….Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,sb.dosth.by…句型提炼应用提示用于表达“对于某人而言更为重要的行为方式”。句型应用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns(impartknowledge)典型例句我们通过传授知识培养学生，也许，更为重要的是，我们通过传授学习方法培养学生。意群提示Wecultivatestudentsbyimpartingknowledge.Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,wecultivatestudentsbyteachingthemlearningmethods.LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsInmyview,aheroissomeonewho:•isbraveorevenriskstheirlifeinfaceofdanger;•savesothersintrouble;•showsgreatcouragewhenothershesitateorfear;•sacrificesthemselvesforothers.Howdoyoudefineahero?TipsThemeexplorationCriticalthinking\\2.Doyouthinkpeoplewhogivetheirlifetosavetheirfamilymembersshouldbeconsideredheroes?Whyorwhynot?TipsYes,peoplewhogivetheirlifetosaveothersshouldcertainlybeconsideredheroes,nomatterwhomtheysave—whetheritistheirfamilymemberorastranger.Byrescuingothers,theydemonstrateextraordinarycourageanddemonstratedtherarequalitiesofahero.Theseheroicqualitiesinclude:puttingthemselvesindangertoprotectothers;fearingnodangerordeath;andneverregrettingtheirownloss.ThemeexplorationCriticalthinkingTohonorheroes,wecan:•spreadtheirnamesandstoriesinlegends,stories,media,songs,movies,etc.;•putupmonumentsforcommemoration;•namedifferentplacesafterheroes;•setupaspecialdaytorememberthem;•takegoodcareofthemandtheirfamilies;•givethemspecialhonors;and•callonsocietytolearnfromthem.3.Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddotohonorheroes?TipsThemeexplorationCriticalthinkingAttributiveclauseintroducedby“who”：Givingadetaileddescriptiontoapersonissometimesnecessarywhenyouarerelatingastory,ornarratinganevent.Inthiscase,attributiveclauseintroducedby“who”servesthepurposequitewell.Ithelpstoachievecompletenessandvividnessofyourdescription.SentencewritingExample:1)Thesearecivilianheroes,whoactedinstinctivelywithcourageandgracewhencaughtupinextraordinarycircumstances.2)Asoldierwhorunsthroughgunfiretorescueothermilitarypersonnelisseenasahero.SentencewritingQuestionParagraphwritingExampleConclusionFormoreWritingdevicesDirections:Havealookattheoutlinebelowandthesampleparagraph,whichstartswithaquestionsupportedbyanexample.

ParagraphwritingWritingdevicesWritingpracticeDirections:Writeaparagraphonthefollowingtopic.Youcanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.ParagraphwritingWritingdevicesQuestion:Wheredoeshappinesscomefrom?

Factor1:Ann,aworkeroflowincome,wasdevotedtothecommunity.Conclusion:Happinessistheresultofhelpingeachother.

Factor2:Annwastouchedandfeltgratefulwhenmanypeoplecametohelpherwhenshewasintrouble.ParagraphwritingExample:Ann’sexperiencewithhercommunitymembersWritingdevicesEssaywriting

Writeanessayentitled“AGreatHeroinMyMind”byfollowingthewritingpatternofthetext.Youmayapplyasmanyexpressionsfromthetextaspossibletoyourwriting.

Youcanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.Beginningpart:ThesisStatementandQuestion1.Whoisthegreatheroinyourmind;2.Aquestionrelatedtothetopic;EssaywritingYoucanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.Bodypart:ExamplesAfewinspiringstoriestoillustrateyourpoint;Concludingpart1.Restatementofthemainidea;2.Thebenefityougetfromtheheroicstories;3.Yourwishtobecomeaherolikehimorher.EssaywritingYoumayadoptthefollowingexpressions.victimsandsurvivorsofdifficultiesandtragediescourageouslyrunthroughthedangerg