医学专业英语单词汇总

系统与局部解剖学Menisci半月板Obturatornerve闭孔神经Superiormesentericartery肠系膜上动脉Hypophysis垂体Sacralplexus骶氏丛Adductorbrevis短收肌Commomperonealnerve腓总神经Accessorynerve副神经Metaphysic干骺端Tendocalcaneus跟腱Trabeculae骨小梁Femoraltriangle股三角Ulnarnerve尺动脉Greatsaphenousvein大隐静脉Secondaryportaloflive第二肝门Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角Celiactrunk腹腔干Olive橄榄Arcuateline弓状线Bicepsbrachii肱二头肌Phrenicocolicligament膈结肠韧带Cricoidarch环状软骨Tendinoussheath腱鞘Sympathictrunk交感干Cervicalplexus颈丛Venousvalve静脉瓣Subcostalnerve肋下神经Pharyngealtonsil咽扁桃体Thoracicduct胸导管Coccyx尾骨Greatercurvatureofstomach胃大弯Omentalbursa网膜囊Bipolarneuron双极神经元striatedmuscle横纹肌sinus窦pectoralismagor胸大肌diaphragm月膈inguinalligament腹股沟韧带caudaequnia马尾medullaoblongata延髓rigeminal三叉神经greatersplanchnicnerve内脏大神经carpalcanal腕管palmaraponeurosis掌腱膜suspensoryligmantofduodenum十二指肠悬韧带recotuterinepouch子宫直肠窝poplitealfossa月国窝costomediastinalrecess肋纵隔隐窝carotidsheath颈动脉鞘triangleofductusarteriosus动脉导管三角颈部.Carotidtriangle颈动脉三角.Externaljugularvein颈夕卜静脉。.Internaljugularvein颈内静脉：.Commoncarotidartery颈总动脉.Carotidsinus颈动脉窦.Cervicalfascia劲筋膜.Vagusnerve迷走神经.Accessorynerve副神经.Musculartriangle肌三角.Thyroidgland甲状腺：.Superiorlaryngealnerve喉上神经.Parathyroidglands甲状旁腺.Recurrentlaryngealnerve喉返神经.Ansacervicalis颈袢.Carotidsheath颈动脉鞘.Triangleofvertabralartery椎动脉三角手部 、.Palmaraponneurosis掌腱膜.Carpalcanal腕管.Midpalmarspace掌中间隙.Superficialpalmararch掌浅弓。.Deeppalmararch掌深弓.Thenarspace鱼际间隙.Tendinoussheathsoffingers指腱鞘.Vinculatendinum腱纽.Palmarintermediateseptum掌中隔.Ulnarbursa尺侧囊.Radialbursa桡侧囊臂后区、前臂后区及手背Humeromusculartunnel肱骨肌管Dorsalvenousreteofhand手背静脉网Extensorretinaculum伸肌支持带下肢1.Superiorglutealnerve臀上神经2.Superiorglutealartery臀上动脉3.Superiorglutealvein臀上静脉4.Inferiorglutealnerve臀下神经5.Inferiorglutealartery臀下动脉6.Inferiorglutealvein臀下静脉7.Sciaticnerve坐骨神经8.Internalpudendalartery阴部内动脉9.Lessersciaticforamen坐骨小孑L10.Greatsaphenousvein大隐静脉11.Fascialata阔筋膜12.Iliotibialtract骼胫束13.Saphenoushiatus隐静脉裂孔.Lacunamusculorum肌腔隙.Lacunavasorum血管腔隙.Femoraltriangle股三角.Femoralsheath股鞘：.Femoralcanal股管：.Femoralartery股动脉.Femoralnerve股神经.Adductorcanal(Huntercanal)收肌管.Adductortendinousopening收肌腱裂孔.Obturatorartery闭孔动脉.Obturatornerve闭孔神经.Poplitealfossa月国窝.Tibialnerve胫神经.Commonperoneal(fibular)nerve腓总神经:.Poplitealartery月国动脉.Superficialperonealnerve腓浅神经.deepperonealnerve腓深神经.saphenousnerve隐神经32.anteriortibialartery胫前动脉33.posteriortibialartery胫后动脉34.smallsaphenousvein小隐静脉35.malleolarcanal踝管胸部.Costodiaphragmaticrecess肋膈隐窝.Rootoflung肺根.Cupulaofpleura胸膜顶：.Superiormediastinum上纵隔5.Mediastinum纵隔6.Azygodvein奇静脉7.Superiorvenacava上腔静脉.Aorticarch主动脉弓.Arterialligament动脉韧带.Triangleofductusarteriosus动脉导管三角.Thoracicduct胸导管.Greatersplanchnicnerve内脏大神经.Lessersplanchnicnerve内脏小神经结肠下区：1.suspensorymuscleofduodenum（十二指肠悬韧带、十二指肠悬肌）.majorduodenalpapilla（十二指肠大乳头）.hepaticportavein（肝门静脉）.hepatopancreaticampulla（肝胰壶腹）.superiormesentericartery（肠系膜上动脉）.superiormesentericvein（肠系膜上静脉）.ileocecalvalve（回盲瓣）8.radixofmesentery（小肠系膜根）nferiormesentericartery（肠系膜下动脉）inferiormesentericvein（肠系膜下静脉）.vermiformappendix（阑尾）.colicmarginalartery（边缘动脉）腹膜后间隙：renalhilum（肾门）ureter（输尿管）renalpedicle（肾蒂）renalfascia（肾筋膜）abdominalaorta（腹主动脉）inferiorvenacava（下腔静脉）lumbarsympathetictrunk（腰交感干）cisternachyli（乳糜池）腹前外侧壁1.parietalperitoneum（壁腹膜）2.sheathofrectusabdominis（腹直肌鞘）3.obliquusexternusabdominis（腹外卜斜肌）4.superficialinguinalring（腹股沟浅环）5.deepinguinalring（腹股沟深环）6.inguinalligament（腹股沟韧带7.inferiorepigastricartery（腹壁下动脉）8.inguinaltriangle（腹股沟三角）9.inguinalcanal（腹股沟管）10.transversefascia（腹横筋膜）结肠上区.hepaticpedicle（肝蒂）.greateromentum（大网膜）.commonbileduct（胆总管）.calottriangle（卡洛三角，胆囊三角）5.lesseromentum（小网膜）6.hepatoduodenalligament（肝十二指肠韧带）7.leftgastricartery（胃左动脉）8.rightgastricartery（胃右动脉）9.subphrenicspace（膈下间隙）.portahepatis（肝门）.celiactrunk（腹腔干）腋窝、臂前区及前臂前区acillaryfossa（腋窝）musculocutaneousnerve（肌皮神经）acillarylymphnodes（腋淋巴结）clavipectoralfascia（锁胸筋膜）trilateralforaman（三边孔）quadrilateralforaman（四边孔）mediannerve（正中神经）ulnarnerve（尺神经）radialnerve（桡神经）thoracodorsalnerve（胸背神经）cubitalfossa（肘窝）longthoracicnerve（胸长神经）axillarysheath（腋鞘）cephalicvein（头静脉）basilicvein（贵要静脉）axillaryartery（腋动脉）mediancubitalvein（肘正中静脉）medianantebrachialvein（前臂正中静脉）brachialartery（肱动脉）deepbrachialartery（肱深动脉）

组织胚胎学Histology组织学Intercellularsubstance细胞间质Basophilia嗜碱Acidopilia嗜酸Squamous/columnarepithelium扁平/柱状上皮Connevtivetissue结缔组织Mesenchyme间充质Fibroblast成纤维细胞Macrophage巨噬细胞Histamine组胺Leukotriene白三烯Proteoglycan蛋白多糖Glycoprotein糖蛋白Cartilage软骨Perichondrium软骨膜Osseoustissue骨组织Serum血清Erythrocyte红细胞Hemolysis溶血Reticulocyte网织红细胞Sarcoplasm肌质Terminalcisternae终池Intercalateddisk润盘Lipofuscin脂褐素Dendriticspine树突棘Axon轴突Synapse突触Astrocyte星形胶质细胞Oilgodendrocyte少突胶质细胞Microglia小胶质细胞Myelinsheath髓鞘Tactilecorpuscle触觉小体Ganglion神经节Nisslbody尼氏体Neurofibril神经原纤维chemicalsynapse化学性突触lymphoidnodule淋巴小结paracorticalzone副皮质区blood-thymusbarrier血-胸腺屏障periarteriallymphaticsheath动脉周围淋巴鞘mononuclearphagocyticsystemmucous-HCO3mononuclearphagocyticsystemmucous-HCO3-barriersmallintestinalglandpancreaticislethepaticsinusoidperisinusoidalspaceblood-airbarrieralveolarseptumfiltrationbarriermaculadensaspermatogenesisblood-testisbarrierprimaryfolliclesecondaryfollicleovulationcorpusluteummaculalutea单核吞噬细胞系统黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障小肠腺胰岛肝血窦窦周隙气血屏障肺泡隔滤过屏障致密斑精子发生血睾屏障初级卵泡次级卵泡排卵黄体黄斑maculascoustic 位觉斑blastocyst 胚泡implantation 植入neuraltube 神经管placentalbarrier 胎盘屏障

生理学Atropine阿托品Scotopicvision暗视觉Targetorgan靶器官Diapedesis白细胞渗出Passivetransport被动转运Proprioception本体感觉Dromotropicaction变传导作用Intropicaction变力作用Chronotropicaction变时作用Expiratoryreservevolume补呼气量Incompletetetanus不完全强直Residualvolume残气量Enterokinase肠激酶Supranormalperiod超长期Hyperpolarization超极化Tidalvolume潮气量Reabsorption重吸收Conduction传导Hypophysis垂体Stimulation刺激Tropichormone促激素Simplediffusion单纯扩散Cholinergicneuron胆碱神经元Transmitter递质Electrotonicpotential电紧张电位Actionpotential动作电位Muscarinicreceptor毒蕈碱受体Polyuria多尿Catecholamine儿茶酚胺Feedbackregulation反馈调节Reflexarc反射弧Atrioventriculardelay房室延搁Alveolarsurfactant肺表面活性物质Vitalcapacity 肺活量Pulmonarystretchreflex肺牵张反射Pulmonaryventilation肺通气Parasympathetienerve 副交感神经Gprotein-coupledrecept蛋白耦联受体Heparin 肝素Sensorimotorarea 感觉运动区Functionalresidualcapacit功能残气量Tubulo-glomerularfeedback管球反馈Tetrodotoxin 河豚毒ProximaltubuleProximaltubuleMyopiaCrystalosmoticpressureRestingpotentialAntidiuretichormoneFiltrationfractionErythropoietinAfterloadRespirationBradykininActinTroponinMuscletonusBasalmetabolicrateKininThyroidhormoneTendonreflexCalcitoninSumpatheticnerve红细胞生成素后负荷呼吸缓激肽肌动蛋白肌钙蛋白肌紧张基础代谢率激肽甲状腺素腱反射降钙素交感神经近端小管近视晶体渗透压静息电位抗利尿激素滤过分数Postcapillaryresi毛细血管后阻力血管PatchclampCerebrospinalfluidEndocrineInternalenvironmentEndothelinIntrinsicfactorvisceralsensationenergymetabolismantiportmyxedemaagglutinationthrombincoagulationfactorPmicturitionreflexparacrineligandcortisolcorticalnephronanemia贫血smoothmuscle平滑肌Qprematuresystolepacemakerairconduction膜片钳脑脊液内分泌内环境内皮素内因子内脏感觉能量代谢逆向转运粘液性水肿凝集凝血酶凝血因子排尿反射旁分泌配体皮质醇皮质肾单位期前收缩起搏点气传导气道阻力气胸气道阻力气胸牵涉痛前负荷强直收缩球管平衡去极化醛固酮趋化因子人工呼吸日节律融合入胞色盲上调射血分数深部温度深吸气量神经冲动神经递质神经分泌神经元肾上腺素osmoticpressurephysiologicaldeadspacegrowthhormonegrowthhormonereleasingghrelininactivationrodcellvisionretinavisualfieldconecellcontractilitysystolesystolicpressurefertilizationreceptordiastolediastolicpressurewaterdiuresisairwayresistancepneumothoraxreferredpainpreloadretanusglomerulotubularbalancedepolarizationaldosteronechemokineartificialrespirationcircadianrhythmfusionendocytosiscolorblindnessupregulationejectionfraction,EFcoretemperatureinspiratorycapacity,ICnerveimpulseneurotransmitterneurosecretionneuronadrenalinerenin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统glomerularfiltrationrate,GFR肾小球滤过率osmoticdiuresis 渗透性利尿渗透压生理无效腔生长激素hormone,GHRH生长激素释放激素生长素失活视杆细胞视觉视网膜视野视锥细胞收缩能力或收缩性收缩期收缩压受精受体舒张期舒张压水利尿ventilation/perfusionratiopermeabilitysymportagonysynapsepostsynapticpotentialexocrineventilation/perfusionratiopermeabilitysymportagonysynapsepostsynapticpotentialexocrinecomplianceelasticresistancediabetesmellitusglucocorticoiconditionedstimulusconditionalreflexsetpointregulationsaltatoryconduction顺应性弹性阻力糖尿病糖皮质激素条件刺激条件反射调定点调节跳跃式传导通气-血流比值通透性同向转运痛苦突触突触后电位外分泌extrinsicpathway 外源性凝血途径peripheralchemoreceptor外周化学感受器peripheralvenouspressure夕卜周静脉压peripheralresistance 外卜周阻力completetetanus 完全性强直收缩arteriole 微动脉venul 微静脉emicrovillus 微绒毛microcirculation 微循环gestation 味觉tastebud 味蕾胃肠激素吸气吸收

细胞膜胃肠激素吸气吸收

细胞膜absorptioncellmembranefibrinfibrinrelativerefractoryperioddigestionextinctionmembranereceptorintracellularfluidextracellularfluidcytokinedownregulationhypothalamuselectrocardiogramcardiaccyclecardiacmusclecardiacreserve细胞膜受体细胞内液细胞外液细胞因子下调下丘脑纤维蛋白相对不应期消化消退心电图心动周期心肌心力储备

cardiacoutputcardiacvascularreflexcardiacremodelingcardiacindexmetabolismexcitation-contractionpleuralcavitythoracicbreathingolfactionangiotensinvasopressinhemoglobin,Hbplasmabloodvolumehemodynamicsbloodflowblood-brainbarrierserumhematocritplateletplateletaggregationplateletadhesionbloodcoagulationbloodviscosityhemophiliabaroreceptorbaroreceptorreflexoxyhemoglobinfolicacidinsulininsulinresistanceacetylcholine,Achectopicpacemakerfacilitationstressemergencyreaction心输出量心血管反射心脏重构心指数新陈代谢coupling兴奋-收缩偶联胸膜腔胸式呼吸嗅觉血管紧张素血管升压素血红蛋白血浆血流动力学血流量

血-脑屏障

血清

血细胞比容血流动力学血流量

血-脑屏障

血清

血细胞比容血小板血小板聚集血小板黏附血液凝固血液粘滞度血友病压力感受器压力感受性反射氧合血红蛋白叶酸胰岛素胰岛素抵抗乙酰胆碱异位起搏点易化应激应急反应effectiverefractoryperiod有效不应期effectivefiltrationpressure有效滤过压thresholdpotentialthresholdstimulus阈电位

阈刺激primaryactivetransport原发性主动转运tropomyosindistaltubuletelecrinehyperopia原肌球蛋白远端小管远距分泌远视月经月经周期允许作用运动单位载体造血月经月经周期允许作用运动单位载体造血蒸发正氮平衡正反馈止血质子泵致密斑menstruationmenstrualcyclepermissiveactionmotorunitcarrierhemopoiesisevaporationpositivenitrogenbalancepositivefeedbackhemostasisprotonpumpmaculadensacentralvenouspressure中心静脉压neutrophilendplatepotentialperipheralnervousactivetransportcyanosisautorhytmicityautocrineautoregulation中性粒细胞终板电位

system周围神经系统

主动转运

紫绀

自动节律性自分泌自身调节病理学临床病理讨论会活体组织检查病理学临床病理讨论会活体组织检查尸体剖检器官病理学细胞病理学分子病理学免疫病理学遗传病理学损 伤基因突变自 溶萎 缩自噬泡自噬溶酶体残留体变性混浊肿胀水变性空泡变性脂肪变性透明变性吞饮作用粘液类粘液粘液水肿淀粉样变含铁血黄素胆红素脂褐素黑色素病理学pathologyclinicalpathologicalconferencebiopsyautopsyorganpathologycellularpathology超微病理学ultrastructuralpathologymolecularpathologyimmunopathologygeneticpathologyinjurygenemutationautolysisatrophyautophagicvacuolesautolysosmesresidualbodydegenerationcloudyswellinghydropicdegenerationvacuolardegenerationfattydegenerationhyalinedegenerationpinocytosis纤维素样变性fibrinoiddegeneration粘液样变性mucoiddegenerationmucinmucoidmyxedemaamyloidosishemosiderinbilirubinlipofuscinmelanin病理性钙化pathologicalcalcification营养不良性钙化dystrophiccalcification坏核核核坏核核核死浓缩碎裂溶解失活组织凝固性坏死干酪性坏死necrosis

pyknosis

karyorrhexiskaryolysis

devitalizetissue

coagulationnecrosis

caseation液化性坏死溶解坏死液化性坏死溶解坏死脂肪坏死坏疽湿性坏疽干性坏疽气性坏疽机 化代 偿适 应再 生修 复肉芽组织瘢痕组织包裹创伤愈合一期愈合贫血性梗死出血性梗死水 肿全身性水肿腹 水胸腔积水心包腔积液炎 症变 质炎症介质血管活性胺组织胺liquefactionnecrosis

lyticnecrosis

fatnecrosisgangrenemoistgangrenedrygangrenegasgangreneorganizationcompensationadaptationregenerationrepairgranulationtissue

scarorcicatrix

encapsulation

woundhealing

healingbyfirstintention化生metaplasia肠上皮化生intestinalmetaplasia充血hyperemia淤血congestion出血hemorrhage淤占八、、petechiae淤斑ecchymoses血栓形成thrombsis血栓thrombus再通recanalization弥漫性血管内凝血disseminatedintravascularcoagulation(DIC)栓子embolus栓塞embolism梗死infarction二期愈合healingbysecondintention痂下愈合healingunderscabanemicinfarcthemorrhagicinfarctedemaanasarcaasciteshydrothoraxhydropericardiuminflammationalterationinflammatorymediatorvasoactiveamineshistamine

5-羟色胺（血清素）5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)激肽kinin激肽原酶kallikrein激肽原kininogen缓激肽bradykinin舒血管肽kallidin补体系统complementsystem前列腺素prostaglandin渗出exudation渗出液exudate漏出液transudate白细胞游出emigration趋化性chemotaxis吞噬作用phagocytosis调理素opsonin调理素化opsonization表面吞噬作用surfacephagocytosis增生proliferation超急性炎症peracuteinflammation急性炎症acuteinflammation慢性炎症chronicinflammation亚急性炎症subacuteinflammation菌血症bacteremia毒血症toxemia败血症septicemia脓毒血症pyemia浆液性炎serousinflammation纤维素性炎fibrinousinflammation化脓性炎purulentinflammation脓肿abscess化脓suppuration蜂窝织炎phlegmonousinflammation出血性炎hemorrhagicinflammation卡他性炎catarrhalinflammation肉芽肿性炎granulomatousinflammation炎性肉芽肿inflammatorygranuloma炎性息肉inflammationpolyp肿瘤tumor肿瘤neoplasia原位癌carcinomainsitu组织发生histogenesis异型性atypia多形性pleomorphism间变anaplasia转移metastasis

恶病质cachexia癌症carcinoma肉瘤sarcoma癌cancer乳头状瘤papilloma腺瘤adenoma囊腺瘤cystadenoma多形性腺瘤pleomorphicadenoma鳞状细胞癌squamouscellcarcinoma基底细胞癌 basalcellcarcinoma移行上皮癌transitionalcellcarcinoma腺癌adenocarcinoma粘液癌mucoldcarcinoma实体癌solidcarcinoma(carcinomasolidum)单纯癌simplecarcinoma硬癌scirrhouscarcinoma髓样癌medullarycarcinoma类癌carcinoid嗜银细胞瘤argentaffintumorAPUD瘤APUDoma非典型增生dysplasia，atyicalhyperplasia纤维瘤fibroma脂肪瘤lipoma血管瘤hemangioma淋巴管瘤lymphangioma平滑肌瘤leiomyoma纤维肉瘤fibrosarcoma脂肪肉瘤liposarcoma横纹肌肉瘤rhabdomyosarcoma骨肉瘤osteosarcoma恶性血管内皮瘤malignanthemangioendothelioma恶性血管外皮瘤malignanthemangiopericytoma胶质瘤glioma脑膜瘤meningioma畸胎瘤teratoma风湿病rheumatism风湿热rheumaticfever阿少夫小体Aschoffbody阿少夫细胞Aschoffcell风湿性全心炎rheumaticpancarditis风湿性心内膜炎rheumaticendocarditis疣状赘生物verrucousvegetation风湿性心肌炎rheumaticmyocarditis马氏斑McCallum,splaque风湿性心外膜炎rheumaticpericarditis

缩窄性心包炎constrictivepericarditis风湿性关节炎rheumaticarthritis皮下结节subcutaneousnodules细菌性心内膜炎bacterialendocarditis溃疡性心内膜炎ulcerousendocarditis恶急性细菌性心内膜炎 subacutebacterialendocarditis心瓣膜病valvulardiseaseoftheheart瓣膜关闭不全valvularinsufficiency瓣膜口狭窄valvularstenosis二尖瓣狭窄mitralstenosis二尖瓣关闭不全mitralinsufficiency高血压病hypertension原发性高血压essentialhypertension症状性高血压symptomatichypertension良性高血压benignhypertension恶性高血压malignanthypertension动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis心绞痛anginapectoris心肌梗死myocardialinfarct心肌软化cardiacmyomalacia室壁瘤ventricularaneurysm附壁血栓形成muralthrombosis心肌硬化cardiacmyosclerosis心肌病cardiomyopathy心肌炎myocarditis先天性心脏病congenitalheartdisease慢性支气管炎chronicbronchitis肺气肿emphysema肺源性心脏病Corpulmonale透明膜hyalinemembrane肺炎pneumonia大叶性肺炎lobarpneumonia小叶性肺炎lobularpneumonia(brochopneumonia)支原性肺炎mycoplasmalpneumonia原发性非典型性肺炎 primaryatypicalpneumonia(PAP)支气管扩张症bronchiectasis肺萎陷atelectasis尘 月市pneumoconiosis矽肺silicosis石棉肺asbestosis间皮瘤Mesothelioma农民肺farmer,slung鼻咽癌nasopharyngealcarcinoma肺癌carcinomaofthelung燕麦细胞癌oatcellcarcinoma

慢性胃炎慢性表浅性胃炎慢性萎缩性胃炎慢性肥厚性胃炎肠上皮化生消化性溃疡胃泌素瘤阑尾炎急性单纯性阑尾炎chronicgastritischronicsuperficialgastritischronicatrophicgastritischronichypertrophicgastritisintestinalmetaplasiapepticulcergastrinomaappendicitisacutesimpleappendicitis急性蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎acutephlegmonousappendicitis急性坏疽性阑尾炎acutegangrnousappendicitis病毒性肝炎virushepatitisacutediffuseproliferativeglomerulonephritis气球样变嗜酸性坏死气球样变嗜酸性坏死毛玻璃样细胞碎片状坏死桥接坏死肝硬化门脉性肝硬变门脉高压脾肿大坏死后肝硬变胆汗性肝硬变食管癌胃癌恶性淋巴瘤何杰金氏病非何杰金氏淋巴瘤蕈样霉菌病白血病绿色瘤恶性组织细胞增生症血管间质免疫复合物急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎ballooningdegenerationacidophilicnecrosis"groundglass"hepatocytespiecemealnecrosisbridgingnecrosiscirrhosisofliverportalcirrhosisportalhypertensionsplenomegalypostnecroticcirrhosisbiliarycirrhosiscarcinomaofesophaguscarcinomaofstomachmalignantlymphomaHodgkin,sdiseasenon-Hodgkin,slymphomamycosisfungoidesleukemiachloromamalignanthistiocytosismesangiumimmunecomplex急性肾炎综合症acutenephriticsyndrome管型 cast，cylinder新月体性肾小球肾炎 crescenticglomerulonephritis膜性肾小球肾炎 membranousglomerulonephritis

肾病综合症 nephroticsyndrome血管间质毛细血管性肾小球肾炎mesangiocapillaryglomerulonephritis轻微病变性肾小球肾炎 minimalchangeglomerulonephritis脂性肾病lipoidnephrosis足突病footprocessdisease慢性肾小球肾炎chronicglomerulonephritis颗粒状固缩肾granularcontractedkidney尿毒症uremia肾细胞癌renalcellcarcinoma肾母细胞瘤nephroblastoma慢性子宫颈炎chroniccervicitis子宫颈糜烂cervicalerosion子宫内膜增生症endometrialhyperplasia子宫颈息肉cervicalpolyp子宫颈癌carcinomaofcervixuteri非典型增生atypicalhyperplasia子宫体癌carcinomaofcorpusuteri子宫腺肌瘤adenomyomauteri子宫腺肌病adenomyosisuteri水泡状胎块hydatidiformmole绒毛膜上皮癌chorioepithelioma(chorioma)粘液性囊腺瘤mucinouscystadenoma浆液性囊腺瘤serouscystadenoma囊腺癌cystadenocarcinoma粒层细胞瘤granulosacelltumor卵泡膜细胞瘤thecacelltumor无性细胞瘤dysgerminoma胚胎性癌embryonalcarcinoma内胚窦瘤endodermalsinustumor纤维囊性乳腺病fibrocysticdiseaseofbreast乳腺癌carcinomaofbreast前列腺增生hyperplasiaofprostate精原细胞瘤seminoma尿崩症diabetesinsipidus垂体腺瘤pituitaryadenoma嫌色细胞腺瘤chromophobeadenoma嗜酸性细胞腺瘤acidophileadenoma嗜碱性细胞腺瘤basophileadenoma肢端肥大症acromegaly颅咽管瘤craniopharyngioma非毒性甲状腺肿nontoxicgoiter地方性甲状腺肿endemicgoiter结节性甲状腺肿nodulargoiter克汀病cretinism粘液水肿myxedema

毒性甲状腺肿突眼性甲状腺肿甲状腺炎甲状腺瘤甲状腺癌肾上腺皮质增生肾上腺皮质腺瘤肾上腺皮质癌胰岛细胞瘤神经细胞固缩噬神经细胞现象卫星现象脑疝小脑扁桃体疝脑积水化脓性脑膜炎流行性脑膜炎脑脓肿流行性乙型脑炎typeBepidemic毒性甲状腺肿突眼性甲状腺肿甲状腺炎甲状腺瘤甲状腺癌肾上腺皮质增生肾上腺皮质腺瘤肾上腺皮质癌胰岛细胞瘤神经细胞固缩噬神经细胞现象卫星现象脑疝小脑扁桃体疝脑积水化脓性脑膜炎流行性脑膜炎脑脓肿流行性乙型脑炎typeBepidemic脊髓灰质炎狂犬病恐水病胶质瘤星形细胞瘤exophthalmicgoiterthyroiditisadenomaofthyroidcarcinomaofthyroidadrenocorticalhyperplasiaadrenocorticaladenomaadrenocorticalcarcinomaislet-celltumorneuronalshrinkageneuronophagiasatellitosisbrainherniationcerebellartonsilarherniationhydrocephalussuppurativemeningitisepidemicmeningitiscerebralabscessencephalitis多形性胶质母细胞瘤少突胶质细胞瘤室管膜瘤菊形团脉络丛乳头瘤encephalitis多形性胶质母细胞瘤少突胶质细胞瘤室管膜瘤菊形团脉络丛乳头瘤松果体瘤髓母细胞瘤脑膜瘤砂粒小体神经母细胞瘤神经节细胞瘤许旺氏细胞瘤神经鞘瘤听神经瘤神经纤维瘤骨折愈合纤维性骨痂病理性骨折骨瘤骨肉瘤choroidplexuspapillomapinealomamedulloblastomameningiomapsammomabodiesneuroblastomaganglioneuromaschwannomaneurilemmomaacoustictumorneurofibromafracturehealingfibrouscalluspathologicalfractureosteomaosteosarcoma

软骨瘤软骨肉瘤破骨细胞瘤或骨巨细胞瘤尤文氏瘤软骨瘤软骨肉瘤破骨细胞瘤或骨巨细胞瘤尤文氏瘤类风湿性关节炎结核病原发综合症麻 风伤 寒细菌性痢疾流行性出血热钩端螺旋体病念珠菌病隐球菌病曲菌病毛霉菌病放线菌病阿米巴病血吸虫病丝虫病华枝睾吸虫病梅毒病理生理学Pathophysiology 病理生理学Evidencebasedmedicine循证医学Homeostasis 机体自稳Invasiveness侵袭力Antidiuretichormone抗利尿激素hyponatremia 低钠血症hypotonicdehydration低渗性脱水waterintoxication水中毒hypernatremia 高钠血症hypertonicdehydration高渗性脱水isotonicdehydration等渗性脱水edema 水肿hydrops 积水transudate漏出液exudate 渗出液hypokalemia 低钾血症paradoxicalacidic/alkalineurine反常性酸/碱性尿parathormone 甲状旁腺素calcitonin降钙素acid-basebalance酸碱平衡standardbicarbonate标准碳酸氢盐actualbicarbonate实际碳酸氢盐metabolicacidosis代谢性酸中毒respiratoryalkalosis呼吸性碱中毒hypoxia 缺氧arterialpartialpressureofoxygen动脉血氧分压oxygencontentinblood 血氧含量oxygensaturationofHb血红蛋白氧饱和度cyanosis 发绀hyperthermia 过热exogenouspyrogen致热源ligand 配体GproteincoupledreceptorG蛋白耦联受体Apoptosis凋亡Stressresponse 应激反应Acutephaseprotein 急性期蛋白Heatshockprotein 热休克蛋白Ischemia-reperfusioninjury缺血一再灌注损伤Freeradical自由基No-reflowphenomenonMyocardialstunningHemorrhagicshockTraumaticshockInfectiousshockAnaphylacticshockHypovolumicshockCardiogenicshockAngiotensin无复流现象心肌顿抑失血性休克创伤性休克感染性休克过敏性休克低血容量性休克心源性休克血管紧张素DisseminatedintravascularcoagulationDICMultipleorgandysfunctionsyndromeMODSSchistocyte 裂体细胞Cardiacreserve 心里储备Volumeload 容量负荷Ventricularremodeling心室重塑Concentrichypertrophy 向心性肥大Eccentrichypertrophy 离心性肥大Tropomyosin 肌球蛋白Troponin 肌钙蛋白Ventricularcompliance心室顺应性Ejectionfraction 射血分数Pulmonaryedema肺水肿Dyspneaonexertion劳力性呼吸困难Orthopnea 端坐呼吸Glomerularfiltrationrate/GFRAcutetubularnecrosis/ATNNorproteinnitrogen/NPN非蛋白氮Azotemia 氮质血症Hyposthenuria 低比重尿Uremia 尿毒症RestrictivehypoventilationCarbondioxidenarcosisPulmonaryencephalopathy肾小球滤过率急性肾小管坏死限制性通气不足二氧化碳麻醉肺性脑病免疫学AAccessibility 易接近性AcquiredimmunedeficiencysyndromeAIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征AcquiredimmunodeficiencydiseaseAIDD 获得性免疫缺陷病Activation-inducedcelldeathAICD 活化诱导的细胞死亡Acuterejection 急性排斥反应Adaptiveimmunity 适应性免疫Adjuvant佐剂Affinity亲和力Agglutinationreaction 凝集反应Allele等位基因Allergen变应原Allergy 变态反应Allogenicantigen 同种异型抗原Allotype 同种异型Alpha-fetoproteinAFP甲胎蛋白Alternativepathway旁路（激活）途径Anaphylatoxin过敏反应Anchorresidue锚定残疾Anergy无能Antibody抗体Antigen抗原Antigen-presention抗原提呈Antigenicdeterminant抗原决定簇Antitoxin抗毒素Autoimmunity自身免疫Autologoustransplantation自体移植BBasophil嗜碱性粒细胞Biotin生物素CC1inhibitorC1INHC1抑制物C3convertaseC3转化酶CarcinoembryonicantigenCEA癌胚抗原Carrier载体Caspase胱天蛋白酶CellashesionmoleculeCAM 细胞粘附分子Centraltolerance中枢（免疫）耐受Centroblast 中心母细胞Chemokine 趋化因子Chimericantibody嵌合抗体Chronicrejection 慢性排斥反应ClusterofdifferentiationCD抗原分化群Colony-stimulatingfactorCSF集落刺激因子Combinedimmunodeficiencydisease联合免疫缺陷病Commonepitope共同表位Complement补体Co-signalmolecule共信号分子Coreceptor辅助受体Constantregion恒定区，C区Cytokine细胞因子CytotoxidTcell细胞毒性T细胞DDamageassociatedmolecularpatternsDAMP损伤相关模式分子Defensin防御素DendriticcellsDC树突状细胞DNAvaccineDNA疫苗EEffectorTcell效应T细胞Endogenousantigen内源性抗原Endosome内体Eosinophil嗜酸性粒细胞Epitope表位ExtracellularmatrixECM细胞外基质Exogenousantigen外源性抗原FFas-associateddeathdomainprotein,FADDFas相关死亡结构域蛋白FlowcytometryFCM流式细胞术FollicularDC滤泡样DCFragmentcrystallizable可结晶片段GGerminalcenter生发中心Goodpasture’ssyndrome肺出血肾炎综合症Graftversushostreaction,GVHR移植物抗宿主反应Granuloma肉芽肿Granulysin颗粒溶解素Granzyme颗粒酶Gut-associatedlymphoidtissueGALTtissue肠相关淋巴组织HHaplotype单体型Hapten半抗原Highendothelialvenule,HEV 高内皮微静脉Hingeregion铰链区Homologousrestriction 同源限制性Humanleukocyteantigen,HLA人类白细胞抗原Humanizedantibody 体液免疫应答Hypersensitivity 超敏反应Hypervariableregion,HVR高变区Iiccosome串珠样小体idiotype独特型immatureBcell未成熟B细胞immuneresponse免疫应答immunedefense免疫防御immunesurveillance免疫监视immunoblotting免疫印迹技术immunochromatography免疫层析法immunoeletrophoresis免疫电泳immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白immunolabelingtechniques免疫标记技术immunologicalignorance免疫忽视immunologicaltolerance免疫耐受immunonephelometry免疫比浊法immunoprophylaxis免疫预防immunofluorescencetechnique免疫荧光技术immunogen免疫原immunogenicity免疫原性immunotoxin免疫毒素inactivatedvaccineadjuvant佐剂indirectagglutinationreactions间接凝集反应innateimmunity固有免疫integrinfamily整合素家族interleukin白细胞介素interferon干扰素intrinsicfactor内因子invariantchain恒定链isotype同种型exclusion排斥JjoiningchainJ链junctionaldiversity连接多样性Kkillerlectin-likereceptor杀伤细胞凝集素样受体LLangerhanscellLC朗格汉斯细胞leukocytedifferentiationantigen白细胞分化抗原leukotrieneLT白三烯

lightchain轻链linearepitope线性表位linkagedisequilibrium连锁不平衡live-attenuatedvaccine减毒活疫苗Lymphnode 淋巴结Lymphocytehoming 淋巴细胞归巢Lymphocyterecirculationg淋巴细胞再循环Lymphokine 淋巴因子MMajorhistocompatibilitycomplex 主要组织相容性复合体Membraneattackcomplex,MAC 攻膜复合物MHCrestrictionMHC限制性Mitogen丝裂原Monocyte 单核细胞Monoclonalantibody,mAb单克隆抗体Monokine单核因子Mucosal-associatedlymphoidtissue,MALT 粘膜相关淋巴组织Myastheniagravis，MG 重症肌无力Multiplesclerosis，MS 多发性硬化Myeloiddendriticcell,mDC髓样树突状细胞NNeutrophil 中性粒细胞Naturalkiller，NK 自然杀伤细胞Non-specificimmunity非特异性免疫OOpsonization 调理作用PParacrineaction 旁分泌作用Pathogenassociatedmoleculepattern,PAMP 病原体相关模式分子Pattern-recognitionreceptor,PRR 模式识别受体Perforin 穿孔素Peripheraltolerance 外周耐受Polymorphism多态性Polyreactivity 多反应性Rheumaticfever 风湿热SScavengerreceptors,SR清道夫受体Selectinfamily 选择素家族Serologicalraction 血清学反应胸腺基质细胞Systemicautoimmunedisease系统性自身免疫性疾病TThymicstromalcell,TSC胸腺基质细胞Thymus-dependentarea胸腺依赖区Thymusindependentantigen,TI-Ag 胸腺非依赖性抗原Tolerogen耐受原Tolerogenicepitope 耐受原表位Tumornecrosisfactor,TN肿瘤坏死因子Toxiod类毒素VVariableregion,V区可变区XXenogenicantigen 异种抗原生物化学与分子生物学AAbzyme 抗体酶Acceptor 受体Accidentalcelldeath细胞意外死亡Acetoaceticacid 乙酰乙酸Acetonebodies酮体Acetone 丙酮AcetylCoA 乙酰CoAAcquiredimmune-deficiencysyndrome获得性免疫综合症AdenineA 腺嘌吟AdenosinemonophosphateAMP腺苷酸AdenovirusAV 腺病毒Aerobicoxidation 有氧氧化Alanine-glucosecycle丙酮酸-葡萄糖循环Albinism 白化病Adaptor 接头蛋白Albumin 清蛋白Allostericenzyme 别构酶Aminoacidsequence 氨基酸序列Annealing 退火Anti-apoptosis 抗凋亡Antibiotic 抗生素Anticodon 反密码子Antioncogene 抗癌基因Antisensestrand 反义链Autocrine 自分泌BBasepairing 碱基配对Bi-directionalreplication双向复制Bileacid 胆汁酸Bilirubin 胆红素Biologicaloxidation 生物氧化Biotransformation 生物转化

CCatecholamineCatalaseCelluloseCentrifugation儿茶酚胺过氧化氢酶纤维素离心Chemicalmodification化学修饰ChloromycetinCholesterolCholicacidChromatinCleavageCloningvectorCodingstrandCoenzymeCooperativeeffect氯霉素胆固醇胆酸染色质剪切多克隆载体编码链辅酶协同反应Covalentmodification 共价修饰Cytokine细胞因子Cytosinen胞喀啶DDenaturationDehydrogenation变性脱氢Dopaminep多巴胺EElectrophoresisEndocrineEnhancerEpinephrineExon电泳内分泌增强子肾上腺素外显子Neurotransmitter口神经递质FFibrinogen纤维蛋白原Frame-shiftmutation 移码突变FructoseFusion果糖融合GGenemutationGlobulinGenomeGluconeogenesisGlycogenolysisGlycolysis基因突变球蛋白基因组糖异生糖原分解糖酵解GuanineU鸟嘌吟HHairpinstructureHeterozygous发夹结构杂合体Tm:meltingtemperaturemessengerRNAmethotrexate(MTX)missensemutationmitosismodificationmolecularhybribizationmotifTm:meltingtemperaturemessengerRNAmethotrexate(MTX)missensemutationmitosismodificationmolecularhybribizationmotifHistamineHoloenzymeHybridizationHydrolysisIImmunoglobulinInactivationInitiatorcodonInterferonsInterleukinsIntronIsoenzymeJJaundiceKKeyenzymeLLactatecycleLigandLipidsLysosomeMmaltosmaltasemelaninemelatonin组胺全酶杂交水解免疫球蛋白灭活起始密码干扰素白细胞介素内含子同工酶黄疸关键酶乳酸循环配体脂类溶酶体麦芽糖麦芽糖酶黑色素褪黑色素溶解温度信使RNA氨甲喋吟错义突变分裂期修饰分子杂交模体模序Nnegativenitrogenbalance负氮平衡norepinephrinenucleicnucleinacidnucleosidenucleotideOOkazakifragmentoncogeneone-carbonunit去甲肾上腺素核质核酸核苷核甘酸冈崎片段

癌基因

一碳单位openreadingframe(ORF)operonornithinecycleoxidasesoxidationPopenreadingframe(ORF)operonornithinecycleoxidasesoxidationPpalindromeparacrinepepsinpeptidebond开放读码框操纵子鸟氨酸循环氧化酶氧化反应回文结构、旁分泌胃蛋白酶肽键磷脂酶磷脂酶磷脂质粒纤溶酶growthfactor多糖初级胆汁酸探针death）细胞程序性凋亡蛋白激酶蛋白聚糖假基因基因重组还原反应终止因子

复制

复性phosphofructokinase1PFKphosphofructokinase1磷酸果糖激酶1phospholipasephospholipids(PL)plasmidplasminPDGF:platelet-derived血小板源生长因子polysaccharidesprimarybileacidsprobePCD(programmedcellproteinkinaseproteoglycanpseudogeneRrecombinationreductionreleasefactorreplicationrenaturationrestrictionendonuclease限制性核酸内切酶RV(retrovirus) 逆转录病毒reversetranscriptase逆转录酶ribosomalRNArRNA 核糖体RNAribozyme 核酶RNApolymerase RNA聚合酶SSDS(SDS-polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis)十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳semiconservationreplication 半保留复制splicing 剪接subunite 亚基succinylCoA 琥珀酰辅酶ASODsuperoxidedismutase超氧化物歧化酶synaptictransmission 突触传递Tterminator 终止子templatestrand 模板链tetracycline 四环素FH4(Tetrahydrofolicacid)四氢叶酸trans-actingfactor 反式作用因子TF(transcriptionalfactor)转录因子transduction 转导transferRNA 转录RNAtransition 转换transposition转座TAC(tricarboxylicacidcycle)三羧酸循环TNF(tumornecrosisfactor) 肿瘤坏死因子Uureacycle尿素循环uricacid尿酸VVLDL(verylowdensitylipoprotein)极低密度脂蛋白LDLHDLWWesternblottingSouthernblottingNorthernblottingZ低密度脂蛋白

高密度脂蛋白蛋白质印迹技术DNA印迹技术RNA印迹技术zymogen酶原ActinAdenineAminoacidApoptosisAutolysisCentromereChiasmataCholesterolChromatidCodonCoenzymeCytoplasmDeletionDesmosomeExonEndocytosisGlycoproteinGlycolipidHistoneIn