keys to 学术英语(理工)-Unit 2

UNIT2EnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——c10——i1——e2——h3——a4——g6——b7——j8——f9——d2ScanningandskimmingUnit2

SearchingforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.2Scanningandskimming1electricpower

(自动化)equipment2

(职业的)disease3illegal

(移民)4Musiccan

(振奋)yourspirits.5resultinsubstantialpopulation

(转移)6the

(手工制作的)furniture7Hehas

(在牧场工作)inthenorthfor20years.8eat

(有营养的)food9be

(卷入)inthetrouble10anew

(装配)line11

(屈服)totheenemy12make

(难以置信的)progress13unrealistic

(乐观)14inrecent

(暴徒)violenceautomationoccupationalimmigrantupliftdisplacementhand-craftedranchednutritiousinvolvedassemblyyieldincredibleoptimismmobUnit2

SearchingforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.2Scanningandskimming15get

(专业的)help16theluggageshouldbe

(加上标签)17financial

(分析员)18trade

(盈余)19attackonpearl

(海港)20aprofessional

(专栏作家)21the

(事实上的)managerofthebusiness22underestimatethestrengthofthe

(革命的)forces23untiethe

(鞋带)andtakeoffyourshoes24tryingto

(削弱)hisauthority25

(交换)fursforguns26a(n)

(可诉讼的)case27raisethe

(恐惧)ofoilcrisis28

(仔细翻看)throughherpurse29Hehasgota(n)

(大量的)fessionallabelledanalystsurplusharborcolumnistvirtualrevolutionaryundercutlacebarterlitigablespectersiftpotUnit2

SearchingforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraph2ScanningandskimmingRobotsareplaying

(越来越重要的作用)inourlife.Theyreplacedhumansintheassistanceofperformingthoserepetitiveanddangeroustasks,

(那些人类不愿做或不能做的事)suchasinouterspaceoratthebottomofthesea

(以及诸如此类的事)wherehumanscouldnotsurvivetheextremeenvironments.Buttheimportantroleofrobotsdoesnot

(解决人类的担忧).

(问题提了出来):Willrobotscontrolman?increasinglyimportantroletaskshumansprefernottodo,orareunabletodoandthelikesettleman’sworriesSomequestionsareraisedUnit2

SearchingforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText5intoChinese.1最近在《纽约时报》上刊登的一篇文章谈到了一种新计算机软件，该软件在瞬间就能通过数以千计的法律文件筛选并寻找到那些可诉讼的条款，这为律师们节省了在阅读文件上所花费的数百小时。2他们主要靠耕种来养活自己，然后再多种一些用以物品交易或卖一些盈余。3从事农业和畜牧业者的绝对数量大约在1910年时达到顶峰（约有1,100—1,200万），在此之后人数便急剧下降。2ScanningandskimmingUnit2

SearchingforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText5intoChinese.4这个故事总结了美国几个世纪以来的工作经历，从失业工人的层面上讲是悲剧，但从全国劳动力的层面上讲是件好事。5人工智能是一种新的自动化技术吗？是一种削弱了曾经是20世纪末就业标志的脑力工作的技术吗？是一种只会消除更好的工作机会的技术吗？2ScanningandskimmingUnit2

SearchingforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——h10——g1——d2——f3——i4——b6——c7——a8——e9——jUnit2

Searchingforinformation3IdentifyingtopicsentencesforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1Someplacesare

(有问题的)forwomentravelingalone.2Ihavetomakesome

(推测).3gothroughwhathecallsaperiodofpolitical

(边缘政策)4Sheremindsusofthefamous

(格言).5enjoythe

(垄断)ofcigarettebusiness6tryto

(隐藏)hisenvy7Ifyouwanta(n)

(份额)ofthepay,you’llhavetodoyourfairshareofthework.8Theythreatenedhimwitha(n)

(诉讼).9Nodifficultycan

(阻止)usfromtryingitagain.10jointtogetherfor

(相互的)benefitsproblematicpresumptionsbrinkmanshipdictummonopolyconcealsharelawsuitdetermutualUnit2

Searchingforinformation3IdentifyingtopicsentencesforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.11Ifyouareseriousaboutourrelationship,youshouldmake

(保证).12promiseneverto

(泄露)hissecret13a(n)

(有目的的)decisionandaction14

(过得)badlyduringthosedays15the

(相互依赖)betweenhumansandnature16Thetroopswerethoroughly

(士气低落)bythissetback.17Thechildrenhelpedtheoldman

(共同地).18He

(规定)paymentinadvance.19Thecarissoldwitha12-month

(担保).20Thebenefitshave

(超过)therisk.21Toomuchfoodwill

(引起)sleepiness.22forceapplied

(一致地)overasurfacecommitmentrevealpurposivefareinterdependencedemoralizedcollectivelystipulatedwarrantyoutweighedinduceuniformlyUnit2

Searchingforinformation3IdentifyingtopicsentencesforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.23the

(最佳的)methodforimprovingspeakingpractice24refuseto

(承认)tohiscrime25Eventhebestqualityrubberwill

(毁坏)withage.26Unlesstheemployers

(采取行动)quickly,therewillbeastrike.27befacedwitha(n)

(两难境地)28remain

(中立的)inthewar29

(无法忍受的)temperandattitude30Therighthandis

(占优势的)inmostpeople.31Hisstatementdoesn’t

(符合)withthefacts.32the

(结果)oftheelection33

(吓退)themanoff34Itisa(n)

(直线的)diagram.optimalconfessperishdilemmamoveneutralintolerabledominantsquarebluffoutcomelinearUnit2

Searchingforinformation3IdentifyingtopicsentencesforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraphFewsocialsituationscanbemodeledbyasingleinteraction.Thestrategyoneusesto

(为自己得到最好的结果)dependsonhisexperienceinpreviousinteractions.

(为了说明这一点),thepaper

(尝试运用)theexampleofagame.Aplayerislikelytocooperateonlyifhisopponentpreviouslydemonstratedwillingnesstocooperate,

(这个过程就导致了)arelationshipofmutualreciprocity.

(这种例子还出现)inothersituationswheresocialinteractionoccurs.securethebestoutcomesforhimselfToillustratethepointattemptstouseaprocessthatleadstoSuchanexamplealsoarisesUnit2

Searchingforinformation3IdentifyingtopicsentencesforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText6intoChinese.1就前者来说，玩家按照顺序移动，（那么）每个人都了解其他玩家之前的动作。就后者而言，玩家同时做出动作，则不了解其他玩家的动作。2当一个人思考别人会如何反应的时候，他必须站在别人的角度，用和他们一样的思考方式进行思考；一个人不能将自己的推理强加在别人的身上。3尽管各位玩家同时做出动作，不知道其他玩家当前的动作，然而，每个玩家都必须明白其他玩家也和自己一样有同样的想法等等。Unit2

Searchingforinformation3IdentifyingtopicsentencesforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText6intoChinese.4事实上，有众所周知不好的例子，如：“囚徒困境”（见下文），在这个游戏中如果每个人追求自我的最佳利益，那么所有玩家都会卷入一个糟糕的结局。5这种合作行为可通过反复玩这个游戏实现，因为这种由作弊暂时获得的利益会被由于合作破裂引起的长期的损失所压倒。Unit2

Searchingforinformation3IdentifyingtopicsentencesforinformationEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——f10——h1——g2——d3——i4——b6——j7——a8——c9——eUnit2

Searchingforinformation4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1amateur

(天文学家)2signa(n)

(合同)withthelandlord3professional

(奉献)4theoryof

(进化)5a(n)

(踪迹)ofevidencefortheclaim6haveno

(概念)ofthelaw7

(散发)lightandheat8correct

(错误的)data9be

(插入)inthesoil10climate

(预报)11

(数量的)informationonbothcostsandbenefits12

(扩大)domesticdemand13be

(精确地)thesame14Noonecan

(贬低)usexceptourselves.Unit2

Searchingforinformationastronomercontractdedicationevolutiontraceconceptiondiffuseerroneousembeddedpredictionquantitativeexpandpreciselydegrade4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.15a(n)

(排斥的)force16goodsin

(运送)17giveusa(n)

(洞察力)intotheproblemsofeducation18

(俘获)anescapedconvict19

(充分的)andnecessarycondition20ahuge

(分歧)betweenthem21haveaproductive

(能力)of200carsaweek22clingtoasomewhat

(静态的)viewofsociety23Theflames

(舔着)againstthebuilding.24slowlyfallinto

(衰落)25

(原始的)accumulationofcapital26Success

(使承担)hardwork.repulsivetransitinsightcapturesufficientgulfcapacitystaticlickeddecayprimitiveentailsUnit2

Searchingforinformation4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.27

(精炼的)oil28themost

(引人注目的)globalevent29

(不易破碎的)glass30

(理论上的)foundation31a(n)

(障碍)tounderstanding32

(取消)thedinnerparty33broadenour

(眼界)34apairof

(配错的)shoes35

(公然地)breakpromises36

(目击)therobbery37

(照字面地)translated38beof

(至关重要的)importancerefinedspectacularunbreakabletheoreticalbarriercancelhorizonmismatchedblatantlywitnessliterallyvitalUnit2

Searchingforinformation4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraphAlandmarkdiscoveryofthe1990swasthattheexpansionoftheUniverseisaccelerating.

(这个发现是如此的意义深远)thatitprovidesanewwayofunderstandingthebehaviorofspaceandtimenearblackholes.Ithaschangedourviewofuniverse,

(就如……一样)thediscoveryhasdonethattheearthrotatesthesun.

(如果……会怎样)wehavenotsuchadiscovery?WereEinsteinstillalive,

(他的发现很可能为他获得又一个诺贝尔奖).TheBeyondEinsteinprogramseekstoadvancescienceandtechnologyindifferentways.

(将打开新的通道)thequestionsaboutuniverseandspace.SosignificantisthediscoverymuchashisdiscoverywouldUnit2

SearchingforinformationWhatifhavelikelygarneredhimanotherNobelPrizeItwillopennewpathsto

4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText7intoChinese.1在过去的十年里，对古老星光的观测让人对宇宙的过去有了深刻的了解，令人惊讶的是，他们也让人对未来的本质有了深刻的洞察。而这些数据所显示的未来令人非常不安——因为某种被称之为暗能量的东西。2像地球或太阳一样的普通物质只能生成引力，但数学演算却显示，一种更外在的能源——一种就像是填充桑拿浴的蒸汽一样的能量均匀地充满着整个空间，只不过这种能量是无法看到的——会产生与引力相斥的力量。Unit2

Searchingforinformation4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText7intoChinese.4在测算充满宇宙的暗能量的总量的最为精确的尝试中，遗漏了一个测定值，一个巨大的因数10123(即一个1后面跟着123个0)，这是在科学历史中理论和观测最为严重的一次误差。5距今一千亿年后,任何没有与我们比邻的星系都将会被不断膨胀的空间横扫出去，它飞驰而去的速度将会比光速还快。Unit2

Searchingforinformation3快速推进到二十世纪九十年代，那时我们发现两队天文学家对遥远的超新星——由天体爆发所产生的非常耀眼的星星，能够穿过宇宙而被看得很清楚——进行着艰辛而精确的观测，用以确定外太空间的膨胀速度是怎样在宇宙的历史进程中改变的。4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——g10——e1——d2——f3——a4——b6——h7——c8——i9——jUnit2

Searchingforinformation4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1Welovethevalleyinallits

(方面).2Please

(折叠)thepaper.3Thetwoaccidentstookplace

(同时地).4Therewasanairof

(期望)amongthewaitingcrowd.5ArticleinTheWallStreet

(日报)leansheavilyonfashion.6Whatdoesitrequiretobeasuccessful

(技工),todoallthemechanicsproblems?7ThousandsofwoundedwerebroughttothenexttownofCastiliognewherehearrivedandtherewas

(几乎)nomedicalassistance.8Atextmessageconfirmingthepolicynumberandsaleisthensent

(自动的)Unit2

SearchingforinformationaspectsreplicatesimultaneouslyexpectancyJournalmechanicpracticallyautomatically4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.9Hesaysthetroopswillhavetolaunchquick,sharpand

(精确的)attacksintheareaiftheyhopetoprevail.10ThetroublewithBillwasthatheneverhada(n)

(明确的)aiminlife.11Kevindrove

(不规律地),knockeddownseveralcones,andranoveratleastoneoftheinflatabledolls.12Thisisa(n)

(纯粹的)whiteresidentialarea.13“Goodmorning”isa(n)

(传统的)greeting.14Honesty,industryandkindnessare

(基础)ofagoodlife.15Ineededaplacetofireceramic

(半导体)substratesforhomemadeintegratedcircuits.16ThefindingsappearedjustdaysafteranotherteamreporteditsfindingsinthejournalNatureStructuraland

(分子的)Biology.precisespecificerraticallyexclusiveconventionalelementssemiconductorMolecularUnit2

Searchingforinformation4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.17Itisa(n)

(广阔的)desert.18The

(外貌)oftheoldhousecompletelychanged.19Thedisputehasscaredaway

(潜在的)investors.20Thissmallhouseismyonly

(资产).21Doyouknowhowto

(操作)acomputer?22Youarenotallowedto

(伪造)acertificate.23Itishardto

(预见)whatwillhappen.24The

(主旨)ofhisspeechwasthathewasbetterthantheothercandidates.25Exceptionscannotbemadefor

(个体).26Shethenlookedatthe

(反面)sideofthecoin.27Thegovernmentandcentralbankwerein

(理论上的)harmony.vastappearancepotentialpropertymanipulatefabricateforeseesubstanceindividualreversetheoreticalUnit2

Searchingforinformation4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraphThereisevidencethatnanotechnology

(起着非常重要的作用)everyaspectofourlife,forexample,nanotechnology

(对医学界正在产生很大影响).Patientsdrinkfluidscontainingnanorobots—

(比药丸还小)—programmedtoattackcancercellsorviruses.

(这可极大地减轻疼痛)thetreatmentwillbring.

(直到我们体验到这种好处)ofanotechnologythatwecanbeawareofitssignificance.hasplayedanever-importantisimpactingthemedicalindustryThiscouldvastlyreducethepainUnit2

SearchingforinformationsmallerthanItisnotuntilweexperiencesuchbenefitsroleinapillEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText8intoChinese.1一纳米是一米的十亿分之一，比可见光的波长还要短，其宽度是人类头发的十万分之一。2诺贝尔奖获得者霍斯特•施特默说纳米尺度比原子尺度更有趣，因为纳米尺度是我们可以将东西安装在一起的起始点，我们只有将原子拼凑在一起这个东西才有使用价值。Unit2

Searchingforinformation3只有在那时，他说，我们才能有效地教授纳米科学，因为没有牢固的多学科背景就无法理解纳米科技的世界。4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText8intoChinese.4物质是绝缘体，就意味着他们不能带电荷，然而，在分散形式下缩微到纳米尺度时物质可以变为绝缘体。5有些人担心纳米科技最终会成为虚拟的现实——换句话说，在纳米领域的界限成为公众知识之前有关纳米科技的炒作仍会继续，然后兴趣（和资金）会很快消失。Unit2

Searchingforinformation4GuessingwordmeaningEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——j10——g1——c2——f3——d4——h6——i7——a8——e9——bUnit2

Searchingforinformation5UsingtheorganizationofthetextEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1the

(巨大)ofloss2increase

(显著地)overnight3

(大气)pressure4workwithgreater

(紧张)5give

(证据)insupportofatheory6birds

(迁徙)inwinter7speakmore

(明确地)8

(增强)theelectriccurrent9adiseaseoffrequent

(发生)10beincontrolofyourown

(命运)11strong

(动机)tosucceed12

(年度的)bonus13be

(释放)fromprison14a(n)

(恶毒的)enemytodefeatUnit2

Searchingforinformationmagnitudesignificantlyatmosphereintensityevidencemigratingspecificallyamplifyoccurrencedestinymotivationannualreleasedvicious5UsingtheorganizationofthetextEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.15createa(n)

(有关环境方面)safesociety16

(交替)betweenrainandsunshine17themost

(突出的)featureofthebook18his

(反应)tothenews19

(大幅度地)cuttingstaff20traffic

(规则)21a(n)

(最小的)chargefortheservice22

(暴露)ofthebodytostrongsunlight23

(保持)youthfulvigor24

(混合)theingredients25Theyarefree

(最后).26

(谢绝)aninvitation27Manisareasoning

(生物).environmentallyalternateprominentreactiondrasticallyregulationminimalexposureUnit2

Searchingforinformationretaincompoundeventuallydeclinecreature5UsingtheorganizationofthetextEnhancingyouracademiclanguageCompletetheparagraphAlthoughordinarypeople

(没有意识到)ofglobalwarming,scientistsaremorethan90percentcertainthatmostofitiscausedbyincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegaseswhich

(对大气造成很大影响).Accordingtoscientists,greenhousegasesareproducedbyhumanactivitiessuchasdeforestationandtheburningoffossilfuels.Thesefindingsindicatethat

(人类的环境和健康处于危险之中).Moredangerousarethefactthat

(不是一般人所关心的日常问题).Hencewhatweshoulddoisto

(使人们参加到)thecause.man’senvironmentUnit2

Searchingforinformationareunawareoruninformedofthecauseshavealargeimpactintheatmospheretheissueisnotoftheirdailyconcerngetallpeopleinvolvedinandhealthareatrisk5UsingtheorganizationofthetextEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText9intoChinese.1他将气候变暖称为“伟大的地球物理实验”。他说：“这个实验就是给大气加载尽可能多的二氧化碳，再增加少许其他有害气体,然后看看会发生什么。”2对减少温室气体的排放，特别是因燃烧化石燃料而产生的二氧化碳的排放所做的微不足道的努力增加了全球变暖的速度和强度。Unit2

Searchingforinformation3大气中的二氧化碳可以使植物更快地进行光合作用，并使得过敏原数量增加。5UsingtheorganizationofthetextEnhancingyouracademiclanguageTranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText9intoChinese.4它是地球上除了水蒸汽外最丰富的热能吸收气体它并不被认为是一种温室气体，因为它通过下雨不断地循环回到地球上。5《沸点》是一部关于全球变暖导致地球气候变化的著作，该书的作者罗斯﹒格尔布斯潘在2004年公开谈及他的这本书时说：“气候问题最终会撕开全球经济的裂口。”Unit2

Searchingforinformation5UsingtheorganizationofthetextEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.5——i10——b1——d2——c3——j4——a6——f7——h8——e9——gUnit2

Searchingforinformation6ReadingCriticallyEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.1

(经历)asmoothtransition2beoffered

(大量的)sumstoleave3

(史无前例的)reformsinanysocialistcountries4

(失控的)inflation5achieveawidevarietyof

(共识)onmanyissues6suchamotionwilllargely

(阻碍)anymovebythenewGovernor7totalfarm

(产量)forthisyear8achild’s

(注意力集中的时间)9painta(n)

(无望的)pictureforthefutureoftheU.S.labormarketUnit2

Searchingforinformationundergomassiveunprecedentedrunawayconsensushinderoutputbleakconcentrationspan6ReadingCriticallyEnhancingyouracademiclanguageMatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.10

(有点进展)inthework11

(经常地)changingpopulation12completetheprojectwithasatisfactory

(结果)13

(淡化)thesignificanceofthemeeting14temperature

(变化)duetosolarradiation15skillsthatare

(绝对地)vitaltotheseperformers16

(诋毁)hisrivals17Don’t

(干预)thingsyoudon’tknow.18windowswhichadmitlightbuttotally

(隔离)fromcoldorheatoutcomeplaydownvariationabsolutelydenigratemesswithinsulateUnit2

Sea