B7 M4-Grammar课件(外研选修7Module4)

Module4MusicborninAmerica高二第七册Grammar1Adverbialclausesoftimepartsofthesesentencesindicatethe“time”.ThemomentIgetthemoneyI'llsendtheticket.Iwasjustgettingintothebathwhenthetelephonerang.Hegetsmoreattractiveashegetsolder.WheneverIgotheretheyseemtobeintrouble.I'vebeenverybusysinceIcamebackfromholiday.（1）when,as,while（从属连词）

when既可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前或之后。如：

WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（同时）

Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.（从句动作在前）WhenIreachedthecinema,thefilmhadbegun.as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewalk.Isawyoursisterasshewasgettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.while指的是“在某一时间里”，“在……期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。如：WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.当when,as,while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：While(When/As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.*when可表示“如果”。如：Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp_____itisneeded.(2003全国）A.UnlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when*while可表示“虽然，尽管”。如：1)____modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.(2004浙江）A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.Ifwhen和while（并列连词）while表示对照的意思；when表示“这时，突然……”1）

_____Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.(2004江苏）A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless2)Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.(2002上海）A.asB.untilC.whileD.when3)Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(2004北京春）A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before4)Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.(2004上海）A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.before(2)till和until

①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到……为止”。如：Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.1)Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity_____hereachestheendofthestory.(2003上海）A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until2)Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad___wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.(2004辽宁）

A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到……才”。如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.3)---Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?---Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_____hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.(2003春）A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when③Notuntil放在句首表示强调时，主句要到装。4)Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver___howseriousthepollutionwas.(1995全国)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize*如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“在……之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”等。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.(3)before“在……之前”BeforeIcamedownstairsIhadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatImustsay.1)Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup____Icouldanswerthephone.(2000全国）A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before2)Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation___itgotworse.(2003北京）A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as3)Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears____itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.(2004福建）A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when4)Itwasevening_____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(2004天津）A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before(4)bythetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.注意：时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,Igaveittoher______Isawher.(2001全国春）A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once

时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,once,themoment,immediately,nosooner…than,hardly…when,bythetime,everytime,lasttime…等。高考链接ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime_____wemeetthemagain.(2007安徽)A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.whenHewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths________hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.(2007江西)A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.thatItisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlife______we’veactuallyhadthatlesson.(2007天津)A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.when--Where’sthatreport?--Ibroughtittoyou____youwereinMr.Black’sofficeyesterday.(2007北京)A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.before高考链接I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime____Briangetsback.(2008北京)A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.afterIusedtolovethatfilm______Iwasachild,butIdon’tfeelitthatwayanymore.(2008辽宁)A.once B.when C.sinceD.although高考链接高考链接Thereweresomechairsleftover___everyonehadsatdown.(2008四川)A.whenB.untilC.thatD.whereNancyenjoyedherselfsomuch____shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.(2008福建)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where我一见到他就告诉他这个消息。(assoonas)2.她一来到教室，就开始读英语。(assoonas)I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim.Assoonasshecameintotheclassroom,shebegantoreadEnglish.Translatethefollowingsentencesbyusingthewordsinbrackets.Exercises3.我刚一到家天就下雨了。(nosooner…than…)Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.4.他刚做完试卷，铃声就响了。(hardly…when…)Hehadhardlyfinishedthetestwhenthebellrang.Hardlyhadhefinishedthetestwhenthebellrang.5.他一来，你就可立即离开。(immediately)6.我一见到你，就认出你来了。(themoment)Youmayleaveimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedyouthemomentIsawyou.7.每次见面，他都向我问候，说“你好！”(eachtime/everytime)8.到18岁的时候，她已大学毕业了。(bythetime)Hegreetedwith“hello!”eachtimehesawme.Bythetimeshewas18,shehadalreadygraduatedfromtheuniversity.Grammar2Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’tcometoschooltoseemethenextday.Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’t.避免重复,减少累赘EllipsesLookatthefollowingsentences,saywhichoneisbetterandwhy.省略句:为了避免重复,省略句中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象称为省略。EllipsesSorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Seenthemoviebefore?I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Haveyouseenthemoviebefore?连接紧密，结构紧凑强调重点，突出信息Addwordswhichhavebeenleftoutandrewritethesentences.Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobin1998.--Whatdidyoudoyesterday? --Justslept.Nothingelse.Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobwasthewinnerin1998.--Ijustslept.Ididnothingelse.简单句中的省略1.在对话中--Howisyourmothertoday?--(Sheis)Muchbetter.2.在祈使句中（You)Openthedoor,please.3.在感叹句中Whata(good)boy(heis)!How(hard)theyareworking!4.表示讲话人的意见和看法(It)Soundsfinetome.(It’sa)Pityyoucouldn’tcome.5.提问(Isthere)Anythingwrong?(Haveyou)Foundthebike?6.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物Athermother’s(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.7.前面出现过的动词在下文再次出现时可以单纯使用不定式符号toI.--Willyougowithme?--Well,I’dliketo(gowithyou).II.--Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?--No,wecan’taffordto(gototheseaside).并列句中的省略1.后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。Marycan(speakEnglish)

andMaryoughttospeakEnglish.惯用的省略结构1.无动词祈使句，无主句祝愿句，这类句子往往用感叹号。IfonlyIcouldrememberhisname!2.固定句型How/Whatabout+n./pron./-ing。Whataboutsomemoremilk?3.Whynot+省去to的动词不定式。Whynotgoatonce?复合句中的省略1.主句中的省略1)主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。(It’sa)Pityyoucouldn’tcome.2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。--ShallIgotoplay?--Ifyoulike(youcangotoplay).2.宾语从句中的省略1）由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(youpassme).2)在I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与not分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从句可省去。--Doyouthinkitwillrain?--Ihopenot(thatitwillnotrain).3.状语从句中的省略1）状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略。Comingswimming?Youdon’thaveto(comingswimming)ifyoudon’twantto(comingswimming).2)有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).3)以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).1.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(2002全国)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun高考链接状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when,while,though,if,unless,although,asif等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut___hesaidit.(2004湖北)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich高考链接关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后可以省略。3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.(1999上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone高考链接不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。4.---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?---Notatall.________.(1995全国)A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto高考链接动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。5.---Youhaven’tlosttheticket,haveyou?---______.Iknowit’snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.(2004江苏)A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso高考链接替代词so/not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think等及I’mafraid连用。肯定时上列动词都可与so搭配，否定时hope与guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot形式，而think,believe,suppose等词可有两种否定形式，即：I…not.或Idon’t…so.6._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(1994上海)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will高考链接在书面语中,当条件从句有were,had,should时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句式。在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用should+V，should可以省略。7.---Let’sgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.---_____Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?(2004重庆)A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,I’dliketoD.Whynot?高考链接省略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按照问话或答语的具体内容补充完整,做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。英语中常见句式的省略有：1.Itis…(that…)强调句式中that部分省略。2.(Itis)Nowonder…(难怪……)3.(Isthere)Anythingelse?4.(You’d)Betterdo…5.havesomedifficulty(in)doing,preventsb.(from)doingsth.等词组中8.---Wheredidyouseehimlastnight?---Itwasinthehotel____hestayed.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./补全强调句式that部分：Itwasinthehotel（wherehestayed）

thatIsawhimlastnight.hotel后为定语从句。高考链接1.--WasMartinsorryforwhathe’ddone?--___.Itwasjustlikehim!(2007安徽)A.Nevermind B.AllrightC.NotreallyD.Notsurprisingly2.--Wehavebookedaroomfortodayandtomorrow.--_______,sir.(2007全国Ⅱ)A.I’msureB.MypleasureC.It’sallrightD.I’llcheck3.Weallknowthat,__________,thesituationwillgetworse.(2007全国Ⅰ)A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith高考链接4.--Dad!Tom’sbrokenaglass!(2007四川)--___.Accidentswillhappen.