Unit 4 Making the news 基础知识 (新人教版必修5)

【经典范文】Yearsofschoollifehastaughtmealotofthings,ofwhichteamworkisthemostimportantforme.Infact,Ididn'trealizeitsimportanceuntilIwaschosenmonitorofmyclassinmyseniormiddleschool.Atfirst,Ididmostofthedutiesmyselfwhileotherstudentscaredlittleaboutclassactivities.Asaresult,Iwastiredoutanddepressed.ThenIturnedtomyteacherandheadvisedmetocooperatewithothers.ThusIbegantorecognizethestrengthsofmyclassmatesandhaveeveryonedotheirpartinclass.Itisworkinginteamsinsteadofonmyownthathasfreedmeoftroubleandmademyworkmoreefficient.Ⅰ.重点词汇1．________adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的2．________n．业余爱好者3．________vt.更新；使现代化4．________adv.故意地5．________adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的6．________vt.出版；发行；发表；公布7．________adj.彻底的；详尽的8．________n．约会；任命9．________vt.帮助；协助；援助→______n．帮助；援助10．________vt.递交；呈递(文件等)11．________vt.集中；聚集→________n．关注；重视12．________vt.获得；取得；学到13．________vt.评估；评定→________n．评定；评价14．________vt.告知；通知→________n．信息；消息15．________vt.指责；谴责；控告16．________n．需求；要求vt.强烈要求17．________adj.精确的；正确的18．________adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的19．________vt.赞成；认可；批准→________n．批准；认可20．________vt.加工；处理n.过程；程序；步骤答案1．admirable

2.amateur

3.update

4.deliberately

5.guilty

6.publish

7.thorough

8.appointment

9.assist；assistance

10.submit

11.concentrate；concentration

12.acquire

13.assess；assessment

14.inform；information

15.accuse

16.demand

17.accurate

18.senior

19.approve；approval

20.processⅡ.短语回顾1．concentrate________集中；全神贯注于……2．haveagoodnose________对……嗅觉敏感3．informsb.________告知；通知4．________themeanwhile期间；同时5．depend________依靠；依赖→(同义词)________6．accusesb.________因……指责；控告7．getthewrongendofthe________报道失实8．________astodo为了做……9．ahead________在……前面10．________caseof以防，万一答案1．on

2.for

3.of

4.in

5.on；relyon

6.of

7.stick

8.so

9.of

10.inⅢ.句式填空1．与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句Nowdiscussinpairs__________________(你的感受会如何)ifyouwereofferedajobonafamousnewspaper?2．betodo结构Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin(HX)，______________(必将会产生重要影响)hislifeasajournalist.3．notonly引导的倒装句______________________(我不仅只是感兴趣)inphotography,butItookanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.4．“only＋状语”位于句首的倒装句________(只有)youaskmanydifferentquestions________(你才会收集到)alltheinformationyouneedtoknow.答案1．howyouwouldfeel

2.wastostronglyinfluence3．NotonlyamIinterested

4.Onlyif;willyouacquire考点单词1．acquirevt.获得；取得；学到Thisbeerisn'tbad;I'mbeginningtoacquireatasteforit.这啤酒不错；我开始喜欢喝了。acquiresth.得到/掌握/获得……acquireatastefor开始喜欢上……acquireaknowledgeof学会……即境活用1

Theschoolisgivingmostofthesechildrenhopeforthefuturebyprovidingthemachanceto________knowledge.A．require

B．acquireC．achieve D．enquire[解析]acquire获得。require要求；enquire询问；achieve实现。[答案]B2．assessvt.评定；评估；征税Wetriedtoassesshissuitabilityforthejob.我们想评估一下他是否适合这项工作。Theinvestigationwasreopenedaftercarefulassessmentofnewevidence.对新证据进行仔细评估后，调查重新启动。assesssb./sth.评价/评估某人/事assesssth.at估价为……assessableadj.可估计的；可估价的assessmentn．估价；评价makeanassessmentof评估……即境活用2

Tenexpertswill________thevalueoftheyoungscientist'sinventiononceagain.A．assess B．AssistC．develop D．Adopt[解析]assess评估。assist援助，协助；develop发展；adopt采纳，收养。[答案]A3．informvt.通知；告诉IinformedhimthatIwouldnotbeabletoattend.我通知他我不能够出席。Iwasn'tinformedofthedecisionuntiltoolate.等到我知道这项决定时，已经太迟了。informsb.of/about通知某人有关……informsb.that...通知某人……rmedof/about...通知某人关于……；使某人知道……bewellinformedof/about精通某事；对……消息灵通beinformedof...听说；接到……的通知Pleasekeepus________ofanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.A．informing B．informedC．beinginformed D．toinform[解析]rmedof让某人知道……[答案]B4．casen．情况；病例；案例Incaseoffire,ringthebell.如发生火灾，请按铃。Takeataxiincaseyouarelateforthemeeting.坐出租车吧，免得开会迟到。incaseof万一……；如果发生……incase以防；万一inanycase无论如何；总之innocase决不inthatcase如果是那样的话；在那种情况下inthecaseof就……来说；关于asisoftenthecase这是常有的事【易错提示】incase后接从句时，不加that;innocase位于句首时，句子使用部分倒装语序；case意为“情况，情形”时，后面定语从句的关系词为where。即境活用4

Ishallstayinthehotelallday________thereisnewsofthemissingchild.A．incase B．nomatterC．inanycase D．incaseof[解析]incase以防，万一。[答案]A5．demandvt.&n．要求；需要Shedemandedtoknowwhatwashappening.她要求知道发生了什么事。Theworkers'demandforhigherwagesseemsreasonable.工人们加薪的要求似乎是合理的。demandtodosth.要求做某事demandofsb.todosth.要求某人做某事demandsth.ofsb.要求某人某事demandthat...(should)要求……indemand(of)需要(on)demandfor...(不)需要makedemandsof/on对……提出要求meetthedemand满足需要；符合要求【易错提示】demand后面的从句用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可省略。即境活用5

Hedemandedthetask________byFriday.A．shouldbefinished

B．wouldbefinishedC．couldbefinishedD．wasfinished[解析]demand后的从句用虚拟语气(should)bedone。[答案]A6．approvev．赞成；称赞；批准Lastofall,thechiefeditorreaditandapprovedit.最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准发表了。Youmadeagooddecision,andIthoroughlyapproveofit.你做了一个很好的决定，我不折不扣地表示赞同。approvesth.通过/批准……approveofsth.赞同/赞成……approvaln．批准；赞同；赞成generalapproval一致同意即境活用6

Ididn't________ofsuchaplan.A．approve B．informC．demand D．warn[解析]approveof同意。句意：我不赞成这样的计划。[答案]A7．eageradj.渴望的；热切的Everyoneiseagerforsuccess.每个人都渴望成功。Heiseagertobeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.他渴望被一所重点大学录取。Iameagerthattheprojectshouldbestartedearly.我热切希望这项计划能早日着手进行。beeagerforsth.渴望某事beeagertodosth.渴望做某事beeagerthat...shoulddosth....渴望做……beanxiousaboutsth.对……担心beanxioustodosth.急于做某事bekeenon急切盼望【易混辨析】eager/anxious二者都含有“渴望的”的意思。(1)eager指以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的，有时也指由于其他感情而表现急不可耐的。(2)anxious指热切地希望实现愿望，并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安，感到焦虑的。Hewaseagertoseehismother.他渴望见到他母亲。I'manxioustoknowthefinalresult.我急于想知道最后的结果。即境活用7

Hermotherisillinhospital.Sheis________abouthermother'shealth.A．eager B．anxiouslyC．concerned D．worry[解析]beconcernedabout为……担忧。[答案]C8．concentratevt.集中；聚集Stoptalkingandconcentrateonyourwork.别说话了，专心工作。Studentsmustconcentratetheirattentiononefficiency.学生必须把注意力集中在效率上。concentratesth.onsth./doingsth.专心致志于某事concentrateone'sattentionon致力于……；把注意力集中在……concentrateonsth.集中精力于某事putone'sheartinto＝fixone'smindon集中精力于……payone'sattentionto专心于……，注意……focuson集中于……，聚集于……beabsorbedin集中精力于……applyoneself/one'smindtosth./doingsth.专心于……devote...to(bedevotedto)献身于……；致力于……即境活用8

Allthepupilsaresittingsilent,withtheirminds________onthestorytheteachertoldthem.A．absorbed B．lostC．concentrated D．concentrating[解析]concentrateon专心于。mind与concentrate之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作宾补。[答案]D即境活用9

Youmay________itthathewillturnupintime.A．decideon B．dependonC．answerfor D．makesure[解析]dependon依赖。句意：你可以相信他会及时出现。[答案]B2．accuse...of因……指责或控告Thepoliceaccusedhimoftheft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。Areyouaccusingmeoflying?他是在指责我说谎吗？Shewasaccusedasarobber.她被指控为抢劫犯。accusesb.of(doing)sth.控告某人某事，指责某人某事accusesb.as...作为……被指控accuse...for...因……而归罪于【易混辨析】accuse/charge(1)accuse指当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭。可构成accusesb.ofsth.的搭配，意思是“指控某人某事”。(2)charge指因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉。可构成chargesb.withsth.的搭配，意思是“控告某人某事”。即境活用10

Theyoungmanwas________stealingpossessionsofhisfactoryandputintoprison.A．accusedof B．accusedwithC．chargeof D．chargedfor[解析]beaccusedof被指控……。[答案]A3．besupposedtodo应该Everybodyissupposedtowearaseatbeltinthecar.每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。Teachersaresupposedtotreatallthestudentsalike.老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。Thetrainwassupposedtoarrivehalfanhourago.火车本应在半小时之前到达。(1)当besupposedto...的主语是“人”时，意为“应该……”；“被期望……”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。(2)当besupposedto...的主语是“物”时，它表示“本应该”，用于表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”。(3)besupposedto后面接“have＋过去分词”时，表示“本应该做某事而没做”。(4)besupposedto...的否定结构为benotsupposedto...，它常用于口语中，意为“不被许可；不应当”。即境活用11

Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed________assoonaspossible.A．tobesent B．tosendC．beingsent D．sending[解析]besupposedtodo应该做某事，句子的主语与send之间为被动关系，故A项正确。[答案]A4．soasto为了Westartedearlysoastocatchtheearlybus.为了赶上早班车我们很早就出发了。Hesaidhewouldgotothemen'sroomsoastoleaveusaloneforawhile.他说他要去洗手间，为的是让我们单独呆一会儿。【易混辨析】inorderto,soasto,inorderthat,sothat(1)inorderto引导的不定式短语既可以位于句首，又可置于句中Inordertofindthebook,hesearchedthewholehouse.为了找到这本书，他翻遍了屋子。(本句中不能用soasto)(2)soasto引导的不定式短语只可置于句中，不可位于句首。Chinaispayingmoreandmoreattentiontoeducationinorderto/soastocatchupwithadvancedcountriesinscienceandtechnology.中国对教育越来越重视，为的是在科学技术上赶上发达国家。(3)inorderto和soasto的否定形式是在to前面加not，即inordernotto,soasnotto。Hegetsupearlysoasnottobelateforschool.他起床很早以便上学不迟到。(4)inorderto和soasto后只能接动词原形，如果后接目的状语从句，可用inorderthat或sothat。HewenttoEnglandlastyearinorderthathecouldlearnstandardEnglish.他去年去了英国为的是学习标准英语。Theteacherpreparedhislessonswellsothathecouldmakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.老师认真备课以便使他的课生动有趣。即境活用12

________bepunishedbytheteacher,Alicehadtomakeupanexcuseforhavingbeenabsentfromschool.A．Soasto B．AsfarasC．Aswellas D．Inordernotto[解析]inorderto可以置于句首，而soasto只放在句中。asfaras就……而言；aswellas也，还。[答案]D5．aheadof在……前面；早于；优先Heisaheadofmeinmaths.他在数学方面超过我。lookahead为未来着想或打算；未雨绸缪goahead(with)进行；开始；往下说；用吧；干吧getaheadof胜过；超过beaheadof占优势aheadoftime提前即境活用13

Danialstayeduplatethesedaysandhewantedtofinishthetask________time.A．aheadof B．insteadofC．inspiteof D．asaresultof[解析]aheadoftime提前。insteadof而不是，代替；inspiteof尽管；asaresultof由于。[答案]A6．submitto递交，呈交YoumustsubmittoyourapplicationbyFriday.你星期五之前必须递交申请表。即境活用14

(2012·浙江慈溪中学期中考试)Allthesedocumentsmustbe________theuniversityyouareapplyingforbeforeDecember12th.A．donatedto B．sentinC．submittedto D．handedin[解析]submitto呈交。句意：所有这些文件十二月十二号前必须呈交给你所申请的大学。donateto捐献；sendin送进；handin交上。[答案]C重点句型1．Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin(HX),wastostronglyinfluencehislifeasajournalist.他与他的新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。betodo在句中表示后来会发生的事，意为“注定会……，一定……”。betodo句型的用法：(1)表示注定要发生……(2)预先安排好的计划或约定。(3)表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等情感意义。①Allthesearetobeansweredfor!所有这一切都会遭到报应的！②Shewastocallbeforesheleft.她打算在离开前打电话。③Youaretomakethenecessarychanges.你要作出必要的改变。【思维拓展】表示将来时的几种方法：(1)begoingtodo表示主语打算在最近或以后做什么，这种打算是事先考虑好了的。另外可表示根据已有迹象非常可能要发生的情况。(2)beabouttodo表示正要或即将做某事，多与when连用，不与时间状语或时间段连用。(3)时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时。即境活用15

Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty________，someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A．wastobeheld B．hasbeenheldC．willbeheld D．isbeingheld[解析]句意：在商店上面的一间房间里，即将举行一次聚会，一些工人们正忙着摆放桌子。betodo表示“按计划要做”，根据最后一句中的werebusilysetting可知只有A项正确。[答案]A2．NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.对摄影我不只是感兴趣，在大学里我还专修过业余摄影课来更新我的技术。句中notonly...butalso连接两个并列句，因为notonly位于句首，因而前一分句使用了倒装语序。notonly...butalso可以连接句中任何两个平行的句子成分，当连接两个主语时，谓语和后一个保持一致。Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,buttheyalsowantreducedhours.护士们不仅要求加薪，她们还要求减少工作时间。MychemistryteachercanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoJapanese.我的化学老师不仅会讲英语，还会讲日语。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheheadteacherwaslateforthelecture.不仅学生，那位班主任听讲座也去晚了。【易错提示】notonly...butalso中的also可以省略，而且butalso可以用but...aswell替换。即境活用16

Thecustomerscomplainedthatnotonly________high,buthedidn'tdoagoodrepairjob.A．hecharged B．washechargedC．didhecharge D．hewascharged[解析]notonly置于句首，句子用于部分倒装。[答案]B3．Afootballerwasaccusedoftakingmoneyfordeliberatelynotscoringgoalssoastolettheotherteamwin.一位足球运动员被指控受贿，故意不进球，好让对方球队赢球。soasto的意思相当于inorderto，表示目的，可以译为“以便，为了……”，不过soasto不能放在句首，而inorderto则可以放在句首，其否定形式为soasnotto...。对比：...so...asto...表示“到某种程度以至于……”，其否定形式为so...asnotto,so后面接形容词或副词，to后接不定式，不定式表示结果。so...asto句式意义上等于so...that引导的结果状语从句，不过前者使用了不定式，而后者使用的是that从句。Theyworkedhardsoasnottofailthisyear'sCollegeEntranceExaminations.他们学习很努力，为的是通过今年的高考。Thechildwassotiredaftertheclimbingastosleeprightaway.那个孩子攀登后如此累，以至于马上就睡着了。Whyareyoualwayssotroublesomeastomakeyourparentssoangry?你为什么总是惹出那么多的麻烦，以至于你的父母如此生气？即境活用17

Hetrainedhard________winagoldmedal.A．inordernotto B．soasnottoC．soasto D．sothat[解析]soasto后跟动词原形，表示“为了”；sothat后跟句子，表示“为了，结果”。[答案]CⅠ.词义辨析1．Tomdecidedtopickupteachingasa________aftergraduatingfromcollege.A．colleague

B．sectionC．profession D．intention[解析]profession职业。colleague同事；section部分；intention目的。[答案]C2．Manyteenagersarewaitingforhoursoutsidethestadium，________tomeettheirsportsstar.A．eager B．thoroughC．accurate D．senior[解析]eager渴望的。thorough完全的；accurate准确的；senior较年长的。[答案]A3．Yourreportmustbefinishedand________tothecommitteebeforethedeadline.A．updated B．informedC．demanded D．submitted[解析]submitto递交，提交。update更新；demand要求；inform告知。[答案]D4．Shehas________agoodknowledgeofEnglishthroughmanyyears'hardwork.A．required B．acquiredC．switched D．defended[解析]acquire获得。require要求；switch转换；defend防卫。[答案]B5．Theincomesofmaleprofessionalswentupbyalmost80%.________，part­timewomenworkerssawtheirearningsfall.A．Meanwhile B．AnyhowC．However D．Instead[解析]meanwhile与此同时。anyhow无论如何；however然而；instead而不是。 [答案]A6．Motorists________ofspeedingmaybebannedfromdrivingforayear.A．clarified B．chargedC．polished D．accused[解析]accuseof指责。clarify澄清；charge负责；polish磨光。[答案]D7．TomthoughtthatIdidthat________，justtoannoyhim.A．normally B．legallyC．immediately D．deliberately[解析]deliberately故意地。normally正常地；immediately立即；legally合法地。[答案]D8．Herdoctorsuggestedthatshegotothehospitaltohavea________examination.A．severe B．splendidC．thorough D．constant[解析]thorough彻底的，全面的。severe严厉的；splendid辉煌的；constant经常的。[答案]C9．Shewasthrownintoa________.Shedidn'tknowwhethertogoorstay.A．process B．dilemmaC．intention D．ceremony[解析]dilemma进退两难的境地。process过程；intention打算；ceremony典礼。[答案]B10．ManyschoolsintheUSAdidnot________ofstudentswearingjeanstoschool.A．approve B．supportC．agree D．promise[解析]approveof同意。support支撑，为及物动词；agree同意，后跟with；promise答应，为及物动词。[答案]AⅡ.短语填空concentrateon;accuse...of...;keepinmind;inform...of;settowork;dependon;besupposedto;totellthetruth;lookforwardto;aheadof1．Iam________hearingabouty