山西省大同市同煤集团云岗中学2022-2023学年高二英语期末试题含解析

山西省大同市同煤集团云岗中学2022-2023学年高二英语期末试题含解析一、选择题1.

Theflowers________sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell

B.smelling

C.smelt

D.tobesmelt参考答案：B2.—Howabout______party?—Cool!Itwasreally_____greatfun!Pityyouweren'tthere． A．a;a

B．the;a

C．the;不填

D．a;不填参考答案：C3.Whatsatisfiesusisthatthepositionofthehousecombinesquietnessand________.A.convenience

B.efficiency

C.affection

D.settlement参考答案：A4.---Soyougaveheryourphone?----

,shesaidshewouldreturnittomewhenshecouldaffordone.A.Mypleasure

B.Notexactly

C.Nodoubt

D.Allright参考答案：B5.Theoryshouldbynomeansbeseparatedfrompractice.______，it'simportanttocombinetheorywithpractice.A．Asaresult

B．Bytheway

C．Tobehonest

D．Inotherwords参考答案：D6.Halfwaythroughthemeetingmymindstartedto________.A.whisper

B.wonderC.wave

D.wander参考答案：D考查动词辨析。句意：会议进行一半时我开始走神。whisper低声说；wonder对…感到好奇，惊奇；wave摇摆；wander走神，胡思乱想。根据题意，故选D。7.MichaelJackson,____incomparablefigureinmusic,danceandculturewaspronounceddeadbydoctorson________afternoonofJune25,2009.

A.a;the

B.an;the

C.an;∕

D.the;the

参考答案：B略8.—WasBessiebadlyhurt?—Yes,eachtimeshemovedherarm,she________acry.A.letout

B.triedout

C.tookout

D.leftout参考答案：A9.Theperformer,whohas______giftforacting,willbe______successinacoupleofyearsifproperlynursed.A.a;a B.the;a C.the;/ D.a;/参考答案：A10.Sinceyouknewit，you________usaboutitearlier.A．shouldhavetold

B．shouldtellC．wouldhavetold

D．wouldtell参考答案：A11.Sean’sstrongloveforhiscountryis______inhisrecentlypublishedpoems.A.relieved

B.reflected

C.responded

D.recovered

参考答案：B12.Themostexcitingthingforhimwashefinallysucceededinseemedtobeadifficultexamforhim.

A.that;what

B.that;which

C.what;that

D.what;which参考答案：A13.Fromthewaythekidsspendtheirmoney,theresearcherscansee

theyreallyvalueinlife. A.which

B.where

C.what

D.how参考答案：C试题分析：考查宾语从句。句意：研究人员可以看到他们在生活中真正的价值。See后面的宾语从句缺少引导词，缺少宾语，起双重作用，故选C。14.

Myparentsalwaysmakeme__________IcanachievemoreifItrymybest.A.believing

B.believed

C.believe

D.tobelieve参考答案：C15.Themangot_______becauseofhiscarelessdriving.

A.injured

B.injury

C.injuring

D.injure参考答案：A16.—DidyouhearthatLiHuawasrobbedduringhisrecenttriptoSouthAfrica?—Yes，notonly________hismoney，buthewasnearlykilled.A．helost

B．didhelose

C．hehadlost

D．washelost参考答案：B17.WhenwemovedtoFrance,thechildren

tothechangeverywell.A．adapted

B．applied

C．attended

D．agreed参考答案：A略18.—Weneedapersonverymuchtothinkupacreativeidea. —________thenewmanagerhaveatry?A.Must

B.Should

C.Shall

D.Need参考答案：C二、短文改错19.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Iusedtothinkvisitingmuseumswasbored.Oneday,Iwastakingtoanartmuseumthattherewereagroupofotherkids.“Nothavingfun?”theguidewhispered,watchmyface.Isighedbutfollowedthegroup.“Sincetheparentsaregone,let’sfoundsomethingspecial!”theguidesaid.Wesawapaintingofpeopleinacafeandtheguideaskedwhywaswrongwiththem.Ifoundoutthattablelegswasallmissing.Theguidepraisedmeandthensaid,“Ourbrainsplaytricksus,makingusignoresmallchanges,andthepainterjustmadeagooduseofit.”Fromthenon,Istartedtolovemuseums.参考答案：Iusedtothinkvisitingmuseumswasbored.Oneday,Iwastakingtoanartmuseumthatthere

boring taken where

wereagroupofotherkids.“Nothavingfun?”theguidewhispered,watchmyface.Isighedbut

watching

followedthegroup.“Sincetheparentsaregone,let’sfoundsomethingspecial!”theguidesaid.We

find

sawapaintingofpeopleinacafeandtheguideaskedwhywaswrongwiththem.Ifoundoutthat

what

it tablelegswasallmissing.Theguidepraisedmeandthensaid,“Ourbrainsplaytricks∧us,making

were

on/uponusignoresmallchanges,andthepainterjustmadeagooduseofit.”Fromthenon,Istartedtolove

a

museums.【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者叙述从觉得认为参观博物馆很无聊到开始爱上博物馆的亲身经历。【详解】1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以前认为参观博物馆很无聊。形容词：boring“令人厌烦的”，通常指物；bored“感到厌烦的”，通常指人。此处指“参观博物馆”这件事，故把bored改为boring。2.考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：有一天，我被带到一个有一群其他的孩子的艺术博物馆。此处句子主语I和谓语动词take之间是一种被动关系，是一般过去时态的被动语态，故把taking改为taken。3.考查定语从句。句意：有一天，我被带到一个有一群其他的孩子的艺术博物馆。此处artmuseum是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故把that改为where。4.考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：“不开心?导游看着我的脸，低声说。此处watch和句子主语之间是一种主动关系，是现在分词作伴随状语，故把watch改为watching。5.考查不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。句意：既然父母都走了，我们找点特别的吧!固定结构：let’sdosth.“让某人做某事”。此处是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故把found改为find。6.考查宾语从句。句意：我们在一家咖啡馆看到一幅人物油画，导游问它怎么了。此处动词ask后面是宾语从句，宾语从句的引导词既要起引导作用，又要在从句中作主语，引导词why只能作原因状语，故把why改为what。7.考查不定代词宾格。句意：我们在一家咖啡馆看到一幅人物油画，导游问它怎么了。此处用it指代前面提到的apaintingofpeople，故把them改为it。8.考查主谓一致。句意：我发现桌腿都不见了。此处句子主语是legs，名词复数，故把was改为were。9.考查固定词组。句意：我们的大脑捉弄我们，让我们忽略小的变化。固定词组：playtrickson/uponsb.捉弄某人。故在tricks后加on/upon。10.考查固定词组。固定词组：makegooduseof。故a去掉。【点睛】表示情感的形容词-ing和-edsurprising令人惊讶的，surprised感到惊讶；frightening令人害怕的，frightened感到害怕；moving令人感动的，moved感动；exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋；boring令人厌烦的，bored感到厌烦。现在分词的主语通常指事物；过去分词的主语通常指人。本题第1小题，句意：我以前认为参观博物馆很无聊。形容词：boring“令人厌烦的”，通常指物；bored“感到厌烦的”，通常指人。此处指“参观博物馆”这件事，故把bored改为boring。三、阅读理解20.Ifadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolvedinhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubblesaccumulate(聚集)inajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.

Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(减压)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs(鱼龙).Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.

BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.

Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(标本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.

Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.

Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator（食肉动物）suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(猎物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.

77.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs______.A.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostitB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodiles

D.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeans

参考答案：DCDD21.In1905,aspartofhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity,AlbertEinsteinpublishedthepointthatalargeamountofenergycouldbereleasedfromasmallamountofmatter.ThiswasexpressedbyequationE=me2(energy=masstimesthespeedoflightsquared).ButbombswerenotwhatEinsteinhadinmindwhenhepublishedthisequation.In1929,hepubliclydeclaredthatifawarbrokeouthewould“refusedtodowarservice,directorindirect…”Hispositionwouldchangein1933,astheresultofAdolfHitler’scomingintopowerinGermany.Einstein’sgreatestroleintheinventionoftheatomicbombwassigningalettertoPresidentFranklinRoosevelturgingthatthebombbebuiltbecausesomephysicistsfearedthatGermanymightbeworkingonanatomicbomb.AmongthoseconcernedwerephysicistsLeoSzilardandEugeneWigner.ButSzilardandWignerhadnoinfluencewiththoseinpower.SoinJuly1939theyexplainedtheproblemtosomeonewhodid:AlbertEinstein.AftertalkingwithEinstein,inAugust1939SzilardwrotealettertoPresidentRooseveltwithEinstein’ssignatureonit,whichwasdeliveredtoRooseveltinOctober1939.GermanyhasinvadedPolandthepreviousmonth;thetimewasripeforaction.ThatOctoberresearchofa-bombbeganbutproceededslowlybecausetheinventionoftheatomicbombseemeddistantandunlikely.InApril1940anEinsteinletter,ghost-writtenbySzilard,pressedtheresearchersontheneedfor“greaterspeed”.Astherealizationofnuclearweaponsgrewnear,Einsteinlookedbeyondthecurrentwartofutureproblemsthatsuchweaponscouldbring.Hewrotetohisfriendabouthisfearaboutthefutureuseofthea-bomb.TheatomicbombingsofJapanoccurredthreemonthsafterGermanygavein.InNovember1954,fivemonthsbeforehisdeath,Einsteinsummarizedhisfeelingsabouthisroleinthecreationoftheatomicbomb:“Imadeonegreatmistakeinmylife…whenIsignedalettertoPresidentRooseveltrecommendingthatatombombsbemade;buttherewassomejustification----thedangerthattheGermanswouldmakethem”.16.WhatcanwelearnaboutSzilardandWigner?A.TheywerenotasinfluentialasEinstein.B.TheywereresponsiblefortheinventionofnuclearweaponsC.TheyhadcheatedtheirfriendAlbertEinstein.D.Theyhadanintentiontodestroytheworld.17.Einsteinrealizedhismistakeof___________.A.co-operatingwithhisworkmates

B.inventingtheatomicbombC.publishinghisequation

D.sig