高中英语人教版Unit4Globalwarming unit4单元尾核心要点回扣

eq\a\vs4\al(单元尾)核心要点回扣Ⅰ.重点单词1．tendvi.趋向，易于，照顾vt.照顾，护理→tendencyn.倾向，偏好2．opposevt.反对；反抗→opposedadj.反对的，对立的3．consequencen．结果；后果；影响→consequentadj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequentlyadv.所以，因而4．statevt.陈述；说明→statementn．陈述，说明5．contributev．捐献；促成；投稿→contributionn．贡献Ⅱ.重点短语1．comeeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(about发生；造成,up走近；长出；发芽；被提出,upwith提出；提供；赶上,across被理解；（偶然）遇见，碰到,to共计；谈到；涉及；苏醒过来))\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(resultin导致，造成……的后果,resultfrom由于，因为,asaresultof作为……的结果（＝resultfrom）,asaresult结果，因此（＝resultin）))\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(goup上升；增长；升起,godown下沉，下降,goout出去；（灯）灭,goover仔细检查；复习,gothrough经历，遭受；完成（工作等）))\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(rangefromＷ...toＷ...在……范围内变化,within/inrange在范围内，在射程内))\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(putupwith忍受，容忍；忍耐；受苦,putaway节省；储蓄，储存,putoff延期，推迟,puton穿上，戴上；演出,putup张贴，挂起；留宿))Ⅲ.重点句式1．Thereisnodoubtthat(毫无疑问)theearthisbecomingwarmer(seeGraph1)andthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.2．Evenifwestartreducing(即使我们开始减少)theamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases，theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.3．ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyou'reusingit(只要你在用)—ifnot，turnitoff!4．Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials(用新材料来做这些东西要耗费大量的能源)，so,ifyoucan，buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Ⅳ.概要写作细读P26－27课文，根据下列提示词汇，写一篇60词左右的内容概要。subscribeto；fossilfuels；dueto；greenhouseeffect；goup；quantitiesof；trend；catastrophe；resultin；beopposedto【参考范文】Allthescientistssubscribetotheviewthattheincreaseintheearth'stemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelswhichhasresultedintheincreaseincarbongreenhouseeffectbeginswhenweaddhugequantitiesofcarbondioxideintotheatomospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogotheattitudesofscientiststowardsthisrisearethinkthetrendintherisewouldcauseaareopposedtothisview.单元综合测评(四)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共10小题；每小题分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AImaginebeinggiventheopportunitytowakeuptolions，eatyourmealswithmonkeys，andevenshareyourbathwithbears，allfromthecomfortofauniquenewlodgingexperience.TheJamalaWildlifeLodgeopeneditsdoorsinJanuary2023，whichwassetupinanefforttoeducatevisitorsaboutaidingthesurvivalofmanyoftheworld'sendangeredspecies.“It'sgreatfortheanimals；they'regoingtogetmore'sgreatfortheviewingpublic；they'regoingtogetmorethingstowillbegreatfortourismandjustforthelocalcommunity，”SaidRichardTindale，theownerandoperator.SpreadingacrossthreelocationsintheNationalZoo，the18rooms，whichrangefromgiraffetreehousestojunglebungalows，offerafantasticexperiencewithwildlife.TheGiraffeTreehouseTheGiraffeTreehouseissetamongthegiraffeenclosures(围场)，andtheJungleBungalowsareluxuriousindividualsuiteswhicharenexttoeitherlion，cheetah(猎豹)，brownbear，orMalaysiansunbearenclosures.TheUshakaHouseHousingupto26people，theUshakaHouseisbuiltaroundthemonkeyenclosureandhasabuilt­inaquariumwhichoffersprivateviewsofsomeofthezoo'ssharks.TheBurleyGriffinHouseOnlymetersfromtheedgeofLakeBurleyGriffin，theindoorandoutdoorentertainingareashavesplendidviewsacrossthelaketoBlackMountain.TheSharkHouseTheSharkHousehasitsownlittlejetty(码头)anditcomesoutoverthesharktankhereandsothepeoplewhostayintheroomwillbeabletogototheirbedroomandpattheshark.LocationLocatedintheheartofAustralia'spoliticalcapital，theJamalaWildlifeLodgeattheNationalZooandAquariumisjusttenminutesfromCanberra'scentralBusinessDistrict.1．Whatcan'tbeseenattheJamalaWildlifeLodge?A．Sharks. B．Lions.C．Monkeys. D．Polarbear.【解析】细节理解题。根据第五、六段的内容可知，在澳大利亚加马拉野生动物旅馆可以看到鲨鱼、狮子、猴子和棕熊，但没有提到北极熊，故选D。【答案】D2.IfatouristwantstovisitLakeBurleyGriffin，he'dbetterchoose．A．TheGiraffeTreehouseB．TheUshakaHouseC．TheBurleyGriffinHouseD．TheSharkHouse【解析】细节理解题。从文中第七段“OnlymetersfromtheedgeofLakeBurleyGriffin...”可知答案，故选C。【答案】C3．Thepurposeofwritingthepassageisto．A．attractmoretouriststovisittheNationalZoo.B．introducetheJamalaWildlifeLodgeinAustraliaC．raisepeople'sawarenessofprotectinganimalsD．offervisitorsanopportunitytoplaywithsharks【解析】推理判断题。全文对澳大利亚加马拉野生动物旅馆作了一个简要介绍，故选B。【答案】BBAfteryearsofstudy，Ihaveknownthereareonlytwotypesofpeopleinthisworld：thosewhogettotheairportearlyandthosewhoarriveastheplaneisabouttotakeoff.Iftherewereanyjusticeinthisworld，theearly­airportpeoplewouldberewardedfordoingtherightthingandthelate­airportpeoplewouldbetheearly­airportpeoplegetulcers(溃疡)，heartattacksandbitetheirfinger­nailstothebone(急得团团转)．Thelate­airportpeoplearehardlyawarethattheyareflying.Aguyofthatkindoncesaid，“Don'tyoumissyourflight，it'sbecauseGoddidn'twantyoutogo.”Thisisclearlyaguywhoisnevergoingtogetanulcer.Early­airportpeoplesufferanother“name”．Theyarecalledexactlywhattheyare—wimps(懦夫)．IknowIamanearly­airportpersonforluggagewillgetontheplanefirst，whichmakesitthelastluggagetheytakeofftheplaneafterlanding.Anotherstrangething：NomatterhowearlyIshowedup，IwasalwaystoldthatsomeonehadcalledtwoorthreeyearsaheadofmeandaskedforthebestfigureditwasafiguredtherewassomeoneinAmericawhocalledeveryairlineeverydayandsaid，“IsthatwimpSimonflyingsomewheretoday？Ifheis，givemehisseat.”AfteralifetimearguingwithmywifeoverwhetherIreallyhavetopack24hoursinadvanceandsetthealarmclockfourhoursahead，Ihavelearnedanotherfactaboutearly­airportpeopleandlate­airportpeople：Theyalwaysmarryeachother.4．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat．A．late­airportpersonsoftengetulcersorheartattacksB．early­airportpersonsarealwaysrelaxedduringtheflightC．early­airportpersonsgettheirluggagefirstafterlandingD．late­airportpersonsalwaystakethingseasy【解析】细节理解题。从第二段及第三段所举事例可知，晚到机场的人总是沉得住气，不慌不忙，故选D。从第二段第二句可知A项和B项错；从第四段最后一句可知C项错。【答案】D5．Itcouldbeinferredthatthewriter'swifeis．A．anearly­airportwomanB．alate­airportwomanC．ahot­temperedwomanD．afascinatingwoman【解析】推理判断题。根据文章可知作者属于“早到机场的人。”文章的结尾提到了作者的另一个发现：早到机场的人总是与晚到机场的人结婚。由此，可推知作者的妻子属于“晚到机场的人”，故选B。【答案】B6．Thewritingstyleofthepassagewouldbebestdescribedas．A．serious B．simpleC．humorous D．indifferent【解析】推理判断题。综观全文，作者的写作风格诙谐幽默，妙趣横生，故选C。【答案】CC(2023·江苏高考)ElNiño，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanycountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheystudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997­98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextratotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinmulti­yeardrought(干旱)insouth­eastBrazilisbecomingheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño，in1997­98，killedaround21，000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundthesuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscantotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster­relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk­reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofsewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineaftertoapaperin2023byandcoauthors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthetherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingthepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了厄尔尼诺现象的由来以及它对人们生活的影响。文章根据ODI对20年救灾资金的投向的分析，得出防灾重于救灾的结论，这也是作者写此文的目的。文章最后提出防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害的措施。7．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1?A．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.【解析】细节理解题。根据首段第一句．..aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”．..SouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears...可知，“厄尔尼诺”是西班牙语的译音，原意是“神童”或“圣明之子”，是由很早就注意海洋与天气的关系的南美洲的渔民命名的，所以D项“它能体现大洋中潮流方向的改变”为正确选项。根据首段第一句可知南美洲的渔民发现了这一现象，而非“某个渔民”，故A项错误；B项是常识性错误；C项恰好与文章内容相反。【答案】D8．WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺而得到的东西要比它们失去的多。由此可锁定正确答案为C。【答案】C9．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat．A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段ODI提供的数据可知，在过去的20年中只有12%的救灾资金投入到提前预防方面，显然投入比例较小；再联系第四段最后一句．..thatadollarspentonrisk­reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.(……在预防灾害方面花一美元就能在灾后重建方面至少省两美元)可知正确答案为A。【答案】A10．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.【解析】主旨大意题。文章从第四段ODI的数据分析和第五段如何防止厄尔尼诺带来次生灾害这两个方面，鼓励人们以正向心态积极应对厄尔尼诺现象。A项与B项都属范围太小；C项偏离主题。厄尔尼诺本身是一种自然现象，人们可以研究如何利用它，而不是去违背它。【答案】DⅡ.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。【导学号：33100049】(2023·山东聊城一中高二模拟)Whatwillyoudoifyoucan'teateverythingboughtinthecanteen?11Accordingtoasurvey，whatstudentswasteeveryyearcouldfeedover10millionpeople.12AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency，thefoodwastedbyChinesepeopleisabout50milliontonsofgraineveryyear，whichcouldfeed200millionpeople.Foodwaste，whichhasbecomeaglobalissue，servesasamirrorthatreflectsvariousculturalandsocialissuesindifferenttheWest，forinstance，consumerism，thebeliefthatit'sagoodthingtousealotofgoodsandservices，isoftentoblameforfoodwaste.13Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitableandevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthecampus，agenerationofsinglechildrenislessawareofthefoodwastenowadaysarewellprotectedbytheirfamiliesandhardlyhaveanyconceptofhowmuchtoil(辛劳)othersgothroughinordertoprovidethemwiththefoodtheyeat.14Thereareover925millionhungrypeopleintheworld，mostofwhomliveinunderdevelopedcountriesanddon'thaveenoughfoodtochildrendieforlackofnutritioneachyearinsomeAfricanfarmersworkveryhardtogrowthecrops.15It'salsoimportantthateveryoneshouldthinkabouthowtheycandotheirbittoreducefoodwaste.A．Students'wasteisextremelyserious.B．China，inturn，featuresitsowneatingculture.C．Studentscanneverrealizetheseriousfoodcrisis.D．Comparedwiththem，someliveinadifferentworld.E．Butcanteenwasteismerelythetipoftheiceberg.F．Sothere'snoexcusethatweshouldwasteourfood.G．Mostofuswouldsimplythrowawayanyleftoverfood.11．【解析】根据第二行“whatstudentswasteeveryyearcouldfeedover10millionpeople”可知，学生们会把吃不完的饭菜倒掉，由此造成的浪费能够养活一千多万人，故选G。【答案】G12．【解析】根据“thefoodwastedbyChinesepeopleisabout50milliontonsofgraineveryyear，whichcouldfeed200millionpeople”可知，中国人浪费掉的粮食能够养活两亿人，说明食堂的浪费现象只是冰山一角，故选E。【答案】E13．【解析】根据本段首句“Foodwaste...servesasamirrorthatreflectsvariousculturalandsocialissues”和“Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitableandevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefood.”可知，食物浪费现象反映一个国家的饮食文化和习惯，故选B。【答案】B14．【解析】根据“Thereareover925millionhungrypeopleintheworld，mostofwhomliveinunderdevelopedcountriesandareas.”可知，本段讲的是处于饥饿中的人们，故选D。【答案】D15．【解析】根据“Manychildrendieforlackofnutritioneachyear...Andfarmersworkveryhardtogrowthecrops.”可知，世界其它地方的孩子因饥饿而死，而且农民种粮食很辛苦，因此我们没有理由浪费粮食，每个人都应该想一想该怎样减少食物浪费，故选F。【答案】FⅢ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入的空白处的最佳选项。Therewasonceagroupofyoungpeoplesearchingeverywhereforhappinessbutwhattheygotwasonlyannoyance，griefandmisery.Sothey16Socratesforadviceonwherehappiness17．But18givinganyanswers，Socratesaskedthemtohelpwithbuildinga19groupofguyshadto20thetask，layingasidetheirownbusinessofseekingtookthemalongtimetocutdownatalltree，gougingout(挖空)thepainstakingeffort，theymadeacanoeoutofthelaunchedthecanoeintoariver，andthen21togetherinit，singingwith22．Socratesasked，“Mychildren，doyouhavehappinessnow？”Theyansweredinchorus:“We23behappier！”Socrates24，“That'sit!25youaretoobusypursuingsomethingtonoticeanythingbitter，happinesswilloccur.”FromthestoryIgottoknowthathappiness26hidesbehindeverytinythingthatyouareinvolvedin，andthatyoumayonlygetpleasurethrough27workandcreativity.Wemayhaveto28paininourdailylifeandintheprocessof29wetendtolookforhappinessin30things，likeanewcar，clothes，longtermhappiness，however，comesfromwithinour31andwhynotturnsufferinginto32life，and33tearsintothelightinyourheart?Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeitthroughandfindtruehappiness.Somydearfriends，justrememberhappinessisastateofmindandamatterof34，andI35youallalifeofhappiness.16．to B．stucktoC．belongedto D．turnedto【解析】根据上下文可知他们遇到困难了前去找人求助，turntosb.foradvice“转向某人求助”，所选D。【答案】D17． B．layC．stood D．laid【解析】根据情理可知他们找不到幸福，于是去问苏格拉底幸福在哪里。【答案】B18．from B．otherthanC．insteadof D．incaseof【解析】从转折词But可以判断苏格拉底没告诉他们答案，而是让他们去干活，所以选C。【答案】C19． B．roomC．bridge D．hospital【解析】根据下文“Theylaunchedthecanoeintoariver，”可知苏格拉底让他们造的是一艘小船，选A。【答案】A20．down B．setaboutC．setout D．setup【解析】根据词义搭配可知此处指他们不得不开始干活，答案选B。【答案】B21． B．stoodC．rowed D．made【解析】根据前句“Theylaunchedthecanoeintoariver，”可以判断他们坐到船里去划船，选C。【答案】C22． B．joyC．appointment D．hope【解析】根据空前词singing可以判断他们是开心地唱歌，选B。【答案】B23．'t B．shouldn'tC．needn't D．couldn't【解析】根据上文可知他们非常开心，所以此处是否定词和比较级连用来表示最高级的意思，句意：我们再开心不过了。【答案】D24． B．saidC．announced D．added【解析】由语境可知那些人说完后，苏格拉底又接着说，所以是补充说，选D。【答案】D25． B．WheneverC．Until D．However【解析】根据前后两个句子的关系可知此处指时间，句意：当你们忙着追求一个目标而注意不到有痛苦，困苦存在的时候，幸福就会出现。选B。【答案】B26． B．alwaysC．ever D．seldom【解析】根据情理可知作者认为幸福总是隐藏在每个小事的背后，答案选B。【答案】B27． B．limitC．hard D．effective【解析】从上述故事可知人们只有在经历困苦之后，才会有收获的喜悦和快乐，所以选C。【答案】C28． B．escapeC．appreciate D．delay【解析】文中讲述的故事是苏格拉底告诉人们要在经历了艰难困苦之后才会体会到幸福，所以选A。【答案】A29． B．searchingC．creating D．improving【解析】根据文章首句“Therewasonceagroupofyoungpeoplesearchingeverywhereforhappiness”以及故事内容可知作者指的是在寻找幸福的过程中，searchsth./sb.意思是“搜查某地或搜身”，所以答案选A。【答案】A30． B．goodC．fresh D．material【解析】根据后面列举的事物可知这是物质追求，所以选D。【答案】D31． B．brainC．soul D．heart【解析】从however判断此处指与前面所提到的物质追求是相反的，而且由and也可断定此空和spirit是同类的名词，所以选C。【答案】C32． B．praisingC．criticizing D．accusing【解析】根据下文“tearsintothelightinyourheart”可知此处强调转变心态，把消极情绪变为积极情绪，选项中praising是褒义词，所以选B。【答案】B33． B．putC．divide D．draw【解析】根据前句“whynotturnsufferingintolife”可以判断此处填turn，选A。【答案】A34． B．energyC．fact D．choice【解析】根据上文内容可知幸福是一种心态，人们可以选择去感受快乐，感激生活，所以答案选D。【答案】D35． B．wishC．take D．demand【解析】根据上文内容可知此处指作者的一种祝愿，句意：幸福是一种心态，是一件可以选择的事情，祝福你们所有的人幸福一生。【答案】BⅣ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Onlineshoppingiscomingintofashioninmostcities，wherepeopleareabletomakefulluseoftherapidly­developedInternet，canwefindaperson36.hasnotexperiencedonlineshopping?Definitelynot.Onlineshopping37.(welcome)bymostpeopleduetovarioustheperspectiveofconsumers，itcansavesometimeforpeoplewhodon'thavemuchspareclickthemouse，theycangetwhatevertheywantwhile38.(stay)attheretailers，itcancutsomecostsforthosewhodon'thavemuchcirculating.(compare)withthetraditionaltrademode，theydon'thavetospendmoneyinrentinga.，therearestillsomedisadvantagesinonline，aface­to­facedealmakesonlineshoppingless41.(rely)and，peoplewilllose42.funofbargaining.43．isundeniablethatshoppingontheInternethasbecomeatrendinmodern'sofgreaturgencythatweneedtomaketherelativelawsaccordingtotherapid44.(grow)ofonlineinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureand45.(convenient)ofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingcheated.36．【解析】person后面跟的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词指人，应用who或者that引导。【答案】who/that37．【解析】welcome和主语onlineshopping之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。【答案】iswelcomed38．【解析】此处是省略，stay与they为主动关系。【答案】staying39．【解析】comparedwith与……相比。【答案】Compared40．【解析】上下文之间是转折关系，且空后面有逗号，应用however。【答案】However41．【解析】此处是“make＋复合宾语”结构，由句意“面对面的交易使网上购物不那么可信。”可知，应用形容词作宾语补足语。【答案】reliable42．【解析】此处是特指“讨价还价的乐趣”。特指加定冠词the。【答案】the43．【解析】句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。【答案】It44．【解析】形容词修饰后面名词。【答案】growth45．【解析】convenience和pleasure是并列关系，作enjoy的宾语，应用名词。【答案】convenienceⅤ.完成句子(满分20分；每小题2分，共10小题)46．毫无疑问，近视在我国年轻人中是一个严重的问题。nearsightednessisaseriousproblemamongtheyouthofourcountry.47．你知道“土豪”这个词什么时候出现的吗？Doyouknowwhentheword“Tuhao”？48．这个博物馆竣工后将于明年