【广东创新设计】高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists 必修5

必修5

Unit1Greatscientists

漫画欣赏画面描述Thereisawoodenbarrelconstructedwithanumberofboardsofdifferentlengths.Somewaterisleakingoutfromtheedgeoftheshortestboard.寓意理解

Inteamwork，itisalwaystheleastcapablememberwhoholdsbackthewholeprogressoftheteam.Soonlybyworkingtogetherandalsohelpingtheshortest“board”canateamperformbetter.你能否对此加以扩展，写一篇120词左右的小短文？短文填空根据课文JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”完成下列短文。JohnSnow，awell­knowndoctorinLondon，became_______(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho___________(expose)tocholera，a______(die)diseaseofitsday.Manythousandsofpeopledied____timetherewasanoutbreakbecausenooneknewthecauseofit.Johnwantedtohelpsolvetheproblem.Hegotinterestedintwotheories_________(explain)howcholerakilledpeople.Hebelievedinthesecondtheory____suggestedthatpeople________(absorb)thediseasewiththeirmeals.In1854，inspiredwereexposeddeadlyeveryexplainingthatabsorbedwhenanother________hitLondon，hewasreadytotestthetwotheories.____thehelpofthemaphemade，hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwas________(blame)．

outbreakWithtoblameⅠ.单词拼写

1．Afterethepatient，thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveagoodrest.2．Don’t______(暴露)yourskintodirectsunlight.3．Movingtothecountrycheroftheillness.4．Wekeptonpwateroutoftheshiptopreventitfromsinking.5．Onhearingthenews，hewentbackhome___________(立即)．

xamininguredexposeumpingimmediately6．ThenewswasatothepubliconTV.7．Asayoungman，hewasswithhimselfineverything，whichledtohislatersuccess.8．Don’tbetooupset.Trytohavea________(积极的)attitudetoeverything.9．Be________(小心的)whiledrivingastheroadisfrozen.10．Sadlyourteamwasdbytheirsby10points.nnouncedtrictpositivecautiousefeatedⅡ.短语填空1．Ablackcarcutinaheadofme，forcingmeto_________.2．Withoutplentyofwater，youwilleasily_____thirstinthedesert.3．Thisessayisquitegood__________acoupleofspellingmistakes.4．Thereisnodoubtthatstresscan______physicalillness.

slowdowndieofapartfromleadto5．Idon’tthinkit___________tofocusonlyonprovidingbasicservices.6．Iwrotealetterofcomplaint，andtheairlinehaspromisedto________thematter.7．Andrewcanbeverybad­tempered_______eventhoughheisfriendlyingeneral.8．Anewapproachtoteachinglanguageswas___________atthemeetinglastweek.9．Thesecolorswillnotlastifthey____________thesun.10．Scientistsnow___certaintypesofcancer__theamountofjunkfoodthatpeopleeat.makessenselookintoattimesputforwardareexposedtolinktoⅢ.完成句子1．_________________________(随着疾病的快速传播)，JohnSnowbegantogathertheinformation.2．__________(此外)，hefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartofLondon.(addition)3．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied_____________________________(每次爆发时)．(time)

AsthediseasespreadquicklyInadditioneverytimetherewasanoutbreakⅣ.模仿造句1．Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.[翻译]我不知道该怪谁。A____________________________________________2．Awomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshe

haditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.[翻译]我刚才请人把机器修好了。__________________________________________3．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheother

planetsintheskymakesense.[翻译]我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。___________________________________________________Wedon’tknowwhoistoblame.Ihadthemachinemendedjustnow.OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.4．TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandtheearthmust

bethecentreofthesolarsystem.[翻译]那不是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有另外的办法。___________________________________________________________________5．Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwith

theplanetsgoingroundit.[翻译]在亚洲的某些地方，你坐着时你的脚不能朝向别人。_________________________________________________________________Thatcan’tbetheonlyway.Theremustbeotherwaysofsolvingtheproblem.InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeetpointingatanotherperson.核心词汇梳理1．attendvt.

到场；出席；参加；看护；照顾

搭配attend(on/upon)sb.看护；照顾attendto处理；倾听；专心于；照料；接待

(1)只有他姐姐照顾他。Therewasnooneto______________buthissister.(2)我有一些急事要处理。Ihavesomeurgentbusinessto_________.attend(on)himattendto识记attendschool去上学attendchurch去做礼拜attendameeting参加会议attendone’sclass听课(3)温家宝总理参加了2009年的哥本哈根气候峰会。PremierWenJiabao________CopenhagenClimateSummitin2009.attended2．concludevt.&vi.

结束；推断出；决定

搭配concludesth.fromsth.从……得出

拓展cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论inconclusion总之，最后(＝finally)说出下列句子中划线部分的意思。(1)Whatcanyouconclude_fromthesefacts?(2)Sheconcludedhertalkwithafunnystory.(3)Weconcludedtogoout/thatwewouldgoout.(4)Whenheranawayfromme，Iconcludedhewasafraid.

答案：(1)从……中得出结论(2)以……结束(3)决定(4)断定3.defeatvt.

打败；战胜；使受挫

n．失败

辨析defeat，beat&windefeat与beat同义，表示“击败对方”，宾语为参赛者或竞争者，如sb.或ateam；而win则表示“赢得比赛、战争或某些奖赏或荣誉”，宾语为game,match，prize等，不能接人。

用defeat，beat或win填空。(1)Class4____________Class12inthefootballmatchyesterday.(2)TheU．S.A.____theIraqWarbutlostthenationalpopularity(国家声望)．defeated/beatwon4．exposevt.

使暴露于；使接触到；揭发；使胶片曝光Don’texposethefilmtolight.不要把胶卷曝光。Theteacherstrytoexposestudentstogoodartandmusic.老师尽力使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐。

搭配beexposedto＝exposeoneselfto暴露于……之下

提示expose还可意为“揭露”

完成句子(1)Theyconsideritalmostacrimeto_______(使接触到)childrentoviolenceandsexonTV.(2)___________________________________(暴露在阳光下很长时间)willdoharmtoyourskin.exposeBeingexposedtothesunforalongtime5.curevt.&n.治疗；治愈Ihopethedoctorcancurethepaininmyshoulder.我希望医生能治好我肩上的疼痛。

搭配cure...of...恢复健康；去除……Shetriedeverymeanstocureherchildofthebadhabit.她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。

辨析treat强调治疗过程，不强调后果。

cure强调后果，有“治愈”之意。用treat/cure填空(1)Whichdoctorisgoingto____himforhisillness?(2)Thisnewmedicinesoon_____mycold.(3)WhenIlefthospital____________________(我完全痊愈了)．(4)Thisjob________________________(将会治好他的懒病)．

treatcuredIwascompletelycuredwillcurehimofhislaziness6．suspectvt.

怀疑；猜疑

句型suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人做了某事suspectsb.tobe...疑心某人是……suspectthat...疑心……(1)我疑心他是个贼。Isuspecthim___________.(2)我开始觉察出，他们试图摆脱掉我。Ibeganto___________theyweretryingtogetridofme.(3)皮尔彻被怀疑是间谍。Pilcherwas________________aspy.(4)人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。Thedrugissuspectedof____________________.tobeathiefsuspectthatsuspectedofbeingcausingover200deaths7．blamevt.

责备；谴责；归咎于

n．责怪；(过错、失败等)责任

搭配betoblame应受责备beartheblame承担责任taketheblame负过失的责任blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人blamesth.onsb.把……怪到……头上；把某事的责任归咎于某人(1)她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。Shedoesn’t_____anyone___herfather’sdeath.(2)出了事不能怪你。You______________forwhathappened.(3)我们愿意为所发生的事情承担责任。Wewerereadyto_____________forwhathadhappened.blameforarenottoblametaketheblame8.pollutevt.

污染；弄脏

派生pollutedadj.受污染的pollutern．污染者，常指发出污染的地方，如工厂pollutionn．污染用pollute的适当形式填空。(1)Wecan’tdrinkthe________water.(2)Nowadays，somethingmustbedonetoreduceair________.(3)The_______thathas________theriverisachemicalfactory.pollutedpollutionpolluterpolluted9．handlen.

柄；把手

vt.处理；管理；操纵；触摸

理解说出下列句子中handle的意思。(1)Youcan’tusethehammerbecauseitshandleisloose.(2)MissGaoWeipingcanhandleherclasswell.(3)Mr.Lincanhandlecomplexmachine.

答案：(1)柄(2)管理(3)操纵10.linkvt.&vi.

连接；联系

搭配link...to...把……和……联系起来linkup连接；会合根据汉语意思完成英语句子。(1)我们学校与一些重点中学有密切联系。Ourschool_________________anumberofkeymiddleschools.(2)这浅浅的海峡把大陆和台湾联系起来。Theshallowstrait___________________________.(3)我们将在北京与史密斯一家会合。Wewill____________________inBeijing.

hascloselinkswithlinksthemainlandtoTaiwanlinkupwiththeSmiths11.announcev.

宣布；通告

搭配announcesth.tosb.向某人通报/宣布某事announcetosb.that...向某人通报/宣布某事

派生announcementn．宣布，宣告，通告根据汉语意思完成英语句子。(1)我要向世人宣告我的目标(goal)。Iwillannounce___________________.(2)我有件重要事情要宣布。I’vegotanimportant_____________________.mygoaltotheworldannouncementtomake12.contributev.

捐赠；贡献；投稿；有助于Idon’tthinkit’sdifficultforeveryonetocontribute.我想人人都出一份力是不难的。Manycountriescontributedfoodandclothestorefugees.许多国家都向难民们提供了食品和衣物。

搭配contribute...to...把……贡献/捐献/提供给……；把……投给……contributeto有助于……；导致

(1)那位作家亲自捐赠了5000英镑给地震基金。Thewriterpersonally__________￡5,000__theEarthquakeFund.(2)我投了几首诗给一本文学杂志。I__________severalpoems__aliterarymagazine.(3)此书对我们了解这门学科无所助益。Thisbook________________ourunderstandingofthesubject.contributedtocontributedtocontributeslittleto派生contributionn.makeacontributionto为……做出贡献13.absorbv.

吸取(光，液体等)；全神贯注

Cottonglovesabsorbsweat.棉手套吸汗。Theoldmanwasabsorbedinthebook.老人全神贯注地读着书。

搭配o...吸收入……之内……beabsorbedin＝putone’sheartinto集中注意力于……，全神贯注于……。同义词还有belostin，devote...to，fixone’sattentionon，focus...on，concentrate...on等。absorb＋n.吸收……；理解(知识等)，如：absorbknowledge吸收知识。完成句子(1)Aspirin________________(很快吸收)by/intothebody.(2)Thesurroundingvillages_________________(已被并入)by/intothegrowingcities.(3)WhenIcamein，IfoundRosesittingatherdesk，___________________(埋头读书)．(4)Thecompanyhasgradually________________________(逐步地吞并了那些小一点的公司)．(5)Ineverknowthereisanynovelthatwillbesointeresting_______________(以致吸引住他)．isquicklyabsorbedhavebeenabsorbedabsorbedinherbookabsorbedthosesmalleronesastoabsorbhim重点短语例释1．putforward提出；建议；推荐Hehadnodesiretoputforwardhisplan.他不想提出他的计划。

联想putup举起putaside放在一边；存储puton穿上；上演；假装，伪称putatease使安心，使不拘束putout熄灭putupwith容忍，忍受putoff推迟putaway存放，存蓄，打消(想法)putdown放下，镇压用put短语填空(1)Mymothersimply___________her.(2)We______forthenightattheGrandHotel.(3)He_______thelightandwentout.(4)Maryisn’treallysick；sheisonly_________.(5)Ihadto_______theappointmentwithmygirl­friendduetotheaccident.putupwithputupputoutputtingonputoff2．apartfrom除了……；除了……(还有)Apartfromsomespellingmistakes，thecompositionisfairlygood.除了有些语法错误外，这篇作文还很不错。

提示apartfrom后跟名词或动名词，其同义词为besides，except或exceptfor。

拓展besides除……之外(还有，包括在内)except除了……之外(不包括在内)exceptfor除……之外，只是exceptthat(what/when/where...)除了……inadditionto...除了……；除了……(还有)用适当的介词或副词填空(1)Suchadictionarywouldbeausefuladdition___mycollection.(2)__additiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers，thecoursealsoprovidespracticalexperience.(3)Tomplaysfootball__wellas，ifnotbetterthan，Peter.toInas3．leadto通向；导致；招致Thisbridgeleadstotheisland.这座桥通往那个岛。Smokingcigarettesleadstolungcancer.吸烟会引起肺癌。

提示此短语中的to是介词，后面可接动名词。熬夜太晚导致他来晚了。Stayinguptoolateledto____________.

链接bringabout导致；引起bringon导致resultin引起；导致hisbeinglate疑难语句细解1.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods，hebegantogathertheinformation.随着霍乱在贫民区的迅速蔓延，他开始收集这方面的资料。

点拨as作连词时，有“随着”之意，表示发展变化状况。

Asthesunsinkslower，shadowsspreadacrossthecourtyard.随着太阳渐渐落下，影子也扩散到整个院落。(1)随着时间的流逝，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。______________，Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.(2)随着人的生长发育，两个脑半球就变得不同。_______________，bothsidesofhisbrainbecomedifferent.AstimewentonAsonegrowsold拓展介词with也可译为“随着”，但后面要接名词或动名词。(3)随着这一天的过去，天气也愈来愈糟。____________________，theweathergotworse.(4)随着冬天的接近，天气变得更冷了。_________________________，theweathercamecolder.WiththedaygoingonWiththeapproachofwinter2．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

点拨only后接if/when从句、介词短语或副词then等并且置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。

Onlyifthecaseisurgentshouldyoucalloutthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.我只有找到工作才有足够的钱上学。

拓展onlyif只有onlyif可视为if的加强说法，即其中的only是修饰if从句的，其意为“只有在……条件下”。如：I’lltellyou，butonlyifyoudon’ttellanyoneelse.我可以告诉你，但条件是你不能告诉其他任何人。(1)只有通过这种方式你才能解决问题。_______________________________________(2)只有那时我才意识到错了。_______________________________(3)你必须把账单送到我住的地方，我才愿意偿付。I’llacceptthebill______yousendittomyhomeaddress.(4)我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。Itoldhimhewouldsucceed__________________.Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.OnlythendidIrealizemymistake.onlyifonlyifhetriedhard写作句式日积月累表示原因(1)Therearethreereasonsforthis...(2)Thereasonsforthiscanbelistedasfollows.(3)Thereasonforthisisobvious.(4)Thereasonforthisisthat...(5)Wehavegoodreasonstobelievethat...(6)Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.以下短语也常用来表示原因，你能用它们分别造一个表示原因的句子吗？(7)accountfor______________________________________(8)contributeto__________________________________(9)resultfrom_____________________________________(10)resultin_________________________________________(11)liein_______________________________________(12)leadto_______________