OracleASM常用知识小结

首页ASM常用知识小结内容提纲什么是ASMASMDISKGROUP（磁盘组、磁盘、目录、别名、文件）通过ASMCMD工具管理ASM文件系统模拟ASM磁盘11gR2GridInfrastructure迁移数据库到ASMASM趋势ASM(AutomaticStorageManagement)

Oracle10g引入的新的存储概念可以自动管理磁盘,并提供数据冗余和优化OperatingSystemDataBaseASMVolume

ManagerFile

SystemApplication什么是ASMDatabaseTablespaceSegmentExtentOracle

blockDatafilePhysical

BlockASM

DiskGroupASMDiskASMFileAllocationUnitFileSystemFileor

RawDeviceASM概念Oracle数据文件放置所遇到的问题数据库有1000以上的数据文件时当有大量数据文件时命名就变得很困难了特性和文件系统限制随操作系统的不同而不同对于归档日志和备份，操作系统供应商不提供共享磁盘文件系统目标与Oracle紧密集成，并与集群一起使用(并行服务器)自动使用新的存储，作为磁盘单元或磁盘组来管理支持成千上万的磁盘简化命名谁需要如果你想从你现有的磁盘子系统中获得更高的性能如果你正在使用RAC

为什么使用ASM繁琐的规划物理卷组，逻辑卷，一旦规划完成很难调整pvcreate/dev/sda/dev/sdb/dev/sdc/dev/sddvgcreatevgdata01/dev/sda/dev/sdb/dev/sdc/dev/sddlvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata001vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata002vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata003vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata004vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata005vgdata01;....lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata200vgdata01;createtablespacedata01datafile'/dev/vgdata_01/lvdata001'size10200M...;Altertablespacedata01adddatafile...;传统的卷管理模式500g-1T30T-100T传统的卷管理模式Lv0001Lv0002Lv0003…Lv2001Lv0001Lv0002…简化了数据文件的管理，只需要告诉对应的逻辑磁盘名称，就可以简单的创建表空间和添加数据文件CREATEDISKGROUPDSKGRP1EXTERNALREDUNDANCYDISK(感觉有点像操作系统vg哦)'/dev/sda','/dev/sdb','/dev/sdc','/dev/sdd';createtablespacedata01datafile'+DSKGRP1'size10200M...;ASM管理模式NODE1/arch1/arch2(nfs)NODE2/arch1(nfs)/arch2NODE1NODE2ARCHGROUPASM存储归档日志备份归档日志mkdir-p/oracle/backuprmantarget/nocatalogchangearchivelogallvalidate;run{ALLOCATECHANNELCH01TYPEDISK;sql'ALTERSYSTEMARCHIVELOGCURRENT';BACKUPASCOMPRESSEDBACKUPSETARCHIVELOGALLFORMAT'/oracle/backup/archivelogs_%d_%u_%s_%T'deleteinput;BACKUPASCOMPRESSEDBACKUPSETCURRENTCONTROLFILEFORMAT'/oracle/backup/controlfile_%d_%u_%s_%T';RELEASECHANNELCH01;}ASM下归档日志备份参数文件$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora*.asm_diskgroups='DSKGRP1'*.asm_diskstring='/oracle/oradata/asmdisk*'*.instance_type='asm‘*.asm_power_limit=1ASMParameter启动ASM实例，和启动ORACLE实例类似，只是ORACLE_SID不一样$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$

sqlplus/nologSQL>CONNECT/ASsysdbaConnectedtoanidleinstance.SQL>STARTUP;ASMinstancestartedTotalSystemGlobalArea147936196bytesFixedSize324548bytesVariableSize96468992bytesDatabaseBuffers50331648bytesRedoBuffers811008bytesASMdiskgroupsmountedASMInstanceASM实例对应的一些后台进程#ps-ef|grepasmgrid239461019:43?00:00:00asm_pmon_+ASMgrid239481019:43?00:00:03asm_vktm_+ASMgrid239531019:43?00:00:00asm_gen0_+ASMgrid239561019:43?00:00:00asm_diag_+ASMgrid239591019:43?00:00:00asm_psp0_+ASMgrid239621019:43?00:00:01asm_dia0_+ASMgrid239641019:43?00:00:00asm_mman_+ASMgrid239701019:43?00:00:00asm_dbw0_+ASMgrid239721019:43?00:00:00asm_lgwr_+ASMgrid239761019:43?00:00:00asm_ckpt_+ASMgrid239781019:43?00:00:00asm_smon_+ASMgrid239811019:43?00:00:00asm_rbal_+ASMgrid239841019:43?00:00:00asm_gmon_+ASMgrid239861019:43?00:00:00asm_mmon_+ASMgrid239901019:43?00:00:00asm_mmnl_+ASMASMInstanceDiskGroupDGSYSASM

InstanceDiskGroupDGDATA01DiskGroupDGINDEX01ASMDISKGROUP$dbca10g,11g在dbca创建数据库时管理ASM不同10g使用dbca管理asm11gr2使用asmcaDBCA创建数据库$dbcaDBCA创建数据库每个对应的磁盘组中可以有不同数量的磁盘个数DGSYSDGDATA01DGINDEX011ASMDISKMirroratextentlevelExternalredundancy: DeferstohardwaremirroringNormalredundancy:(RAID1???) Two-waymirroring AtleasttwofailuregroupsHighredundancy:(RAID5???) Three-waymirroring AtleastthreefailuregroupsDiskGroupMirroringController1Controller2Failuregroup1Failuregroup2DiskgroupAController3Failuregroup317131713171317131713171317131713171323456ASMFailureGroup方便区分磁盘，在前期规划给每个磁盘起个别名ln-s/dev/sdc/oracle/oradata/asmdisk01ln-s/dev/sdd/oracle/oradata/asmdisk02ln-s/dev/sde/oracle/oradata/asmdisk03ln-s/dev/sdf/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04ln-s/dev/sdg/oracle/oradata/asmdisk05ln-s/dev/sdh/oracle/oradata/asmdisk06ln-s/dev/sdi/oracle/oradata/asmdisk07ln-s/dev/sdj/oracle/oradata/asmdisk08ln-s/dev/sdk/oracle/oradata/asmdisk09ln-s/dev/sdl/oracle/oradata/asmdisk10CreateDiskGroup$asmca在11gr2中使用Asmca对ASM实例磁盘组等进行管理CreateDiskGroup$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus“/assysdba”or(sqlplus“/assysasm”针对11gr2对权限做了加强，需要使用sysasm权限创建磁盘组)(Two-waymirroring)SQL>CREATEDISKGROUPDSKGRP2

NORMALREDUNDANCY

FAILGROUPcontroller1DISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04','/oracle/oradata/asmdisk05'FAILGROUPcontroller2DISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk06','/oracle/oradata/asmdisk07';CreateDiskGroup$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus"/assysdba"SQL>dropdiskgroupDSKGRP2includingcontents;DropDiskGroup*.asm_power_limit=1asm_power_limit参数可以设置为0-11，如果设置为0，那么ASM自动重新分布数据功能会被关闭。SQL>altersystemsetasm_power_limit=0;SQL>showparameterasm_power_limitNAMETYPEVALUE--------------------------------asm_power_limitinteger0手工分布数据SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1REBALANCEPOWER2WAIT;查看数据分布需要多长时间SQL>selectoperation,est_minutesfromv$asm_operation;DiskGroupDynamicRebalancing添加磁盘自动平衡数据$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus"/assysdba"SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04';AddDiskDSKGRP1DSKGRP1DSKGRP1SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04';AddDiskSQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1DROPDISKDSKGRP1_0003;DropDisk调整磁盘组或者磁盘的大小ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1RESIZEDISKdiska1SIZE10G;手动平衡数据ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1REBALANCEPOWER5;检查磁盘设备一致性ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1CHECKALL;AdminDiskgroup撤销DROPSQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1DROPDISKDSKGRP1_0003;SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1UNDROPDISKS;AdminDiskgroupDatabaseFileCREATETABLESPACEsampleDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1';12341234Automatic

ASMfile

CreationRMANASMFilesSQL>selectname,path,total_mb,free_mb,failgroupfromv$asm_disk;

NAMEPATHTOTAL_MBFREE_MBFAILGROUP-------------------------------------------------------------------DSKGRP1_0001/oracle/oradata/asmdisk021024976CONTROLLER1DSKGRP1_0000/oracle/oradata/asmdisk011024977CONTROLLER1......CREATETABLESPACEsampleDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFFEXTENTMANAGEMENTLOCALUNIFORMSIZE1MSEGMENTSPACEMANAGEMENTAUTOALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ASMFilesSQL>selectfile_id,file_namefromdba_data_files;

FILE_IDFILE_NAME------------------------------------------------------……6 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.256.6847628797 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.257.6847638758 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.258.6847639059 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.259.68476393510 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.260.684763961……SQL>selectname,path,total_mb,free_mb,failgroupfromv$asm_disk;

NAMEPATHTOTAL_MBFREE_MBFAILGROUP-------------------------------------------------------------------DSKGRP1_0001/oracle/oradata/asmdisk021024720CONTROLLER1DSKGRP1_0000/oracle/oradata/asmdisk011024722CONTROLLER1

ASMFiles$exportORACLE_SID=+ASMSQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDIRECTORY'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/';SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDIRECTORY'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample001.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.256.684762879';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample002.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.257.684763875';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample003.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.258.684763905';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample004.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.259.684763935';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample005.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.260.684763961';创建目录/别名文件Dropfileusinganalias.ALTERDISKGROUPdisk_group_1DROPFILE'+disk_group_1/my_dir/my_file.dbf';

Dropfileusinganumericformfilename.ALTERDISKGROUPdisk_group_1DROPFILE'+disk_group_1.342.3';Dropfileusingafullyqualifiedfilename.ALTERDISKGROUPdisk_group_1DROPFILE'+disk_group_1/mydb/datafile/my_ts.342.3';文件StoragesystemV$ASM_DISKGROUPV$ASM_CLIENTV$ASM_DISKV$ASM_FILEV$ASM_TEMPLATEV$ASM_ALIASV$ASM_OPERATIONDiskgroupADiskgroupBASMView10grelease1

管理ASM只能通过SQL语句10grelease2

命令行工具ASMCMD，它使我们可以更为方便地浏览和管理ASM磁盘组中的文件和目录。它可以列出磁盘组的内容，执行搜索，创建或删除目录及别名，显示空间利用率等forFTPtypetheurl:---ftp://<host>:2100/forHTTPtypetheurl:--http://<host>:8080/References:

Note243554.1

Note357714.1通过ASMCMD工具管理ASM11grelease1

比较实用的copy命令，11g以前只能考虑使用RMAN

将ASM管理的文件copy到一般的文件系统

cp+DATA/RAC/DATAFILE/sample.256.629730771/home/oracle/sample001.dbf

将某个数据文件直接copy到ASM管理的磁盘中 cp/home/oracle/sample002.dbf+DATA/RAC/DATAFILE/

可以实现远程copy ASMCMD>cp-ifr+DSKGRP1/orcl/spfileorcl.orasys@server1.1521.+ASM:+DSKGRP1/orcl/spfileorcl1.ora

Enterpassword:******ASMCMD运行asmcmd$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM1$asmcmdASMCMD>lsdg使用asmcmd命令必须先启动asm实例，不然会有以下报错：rac1->asmcmd–pORA-01034:ORACLEnotavailableORA-27101:sharedmemoryrealmdoesnotexistLinuxError:2:Nosuchfileordirectory(DBDERROR:OCISessionBegin)使用asmcmd必须先指定ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_SID，注意此处ORACLE_SID是asm的sid，不然会报错：rac1->asmcmd–pORA-01034:ORACLEnotavailableORA-27101:sharedmemoryrealmdoesnotexistLinuxError:2:Nosuchfileordirectory(DBDERROR:OCISessionBegin)ASMCMD交互模式运行 在操作系统命令提示符下输入asmcmd，会得到ASMCMD>提示符，可以输入相关的命令，如果使用-p选项，将在ASMCMD提示符中包含当前路径，如下： $export

ORACLE_SID=+hisasm1 $asmcmd

-p非交互模式运行 命令格式为：asmcmdcommandarguments，如下： $asmcmd

ls

-l非交互模式运行，监测diskgroup使用情况，特别象数据库归档使用ASM存储，可以生成文件，加入自动监控。

ASMCMD部分常用的ASMCMD命令列表

du显示指定的ASM目录下ASM文件占用的所有磁盘空间 ls列出ASM目录下的内容及其属性lsct列出当前ASM客户端的信息lsdg列出所有磁盘组及其属性mkalias为系统生成的文件名创建别名 ……其他相关参数，可使用help查看Type"help[command]"togethelponaspecificASMCMDcommand.

commands:

--------

cd

du

find

help

ls

lsct

lsdg

mkalias

mkdir

pwd

rm

rmaliasASMCMDOracle11grelease2版本和以前的版本在ASM使用上有所区别，针对ASM需要单独安装GRIDINFRASTRUCTURE软件$./runInstaller11gR2GridInfrastructure注意运行完root.sh后的一些提示#shroot.shToconfigureGridInfrastructureforaStand-AloneServerrunthefollowingcommandastherootuser:/grid/perl/bin/perl-I/grid/perl/lib-I/grid/crs/install/grid/crs/install/roothas.plToconfigureGridInfrastructureforaClusterperformthefollowingsteps:1.ProvidevaluesforGridInfrastructureconfigurationparametersinthefile-/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params.Fordetailsonhowtodothis,seetheinstallationguide.2.Runthefollowingcommandastherootuser:/grid/perl/bin/perl-I/grid/perl/lib-I/grid/crs/install/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.plToupdateinventorypropertiesforGridInfrastructure,performthefollowingsteps.Ifapre-11.2homeisalreadyconfigured,executethefollowing:11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller-updateNodeList-silent-localCRS=falseORACLE_HOME=pre-11.2_HomeAlwaysexecutethefollowingtoregisterthecurrenthome:11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller-updateNodeList-silent-localCRS=trueORACLE_HOME=11.2_Home.Ifeitherhomeisshared,providetheadditionalargumen