高考英语二轮拔高复习训练：阅读理解说明文（四）

新高考英语二轮拔高班复习资料阅读理解训练题型：说明文题组训练（四）姓名：班级：学校：错题号：（2022·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考三模）Overthepastdecades,expertshavedoneaconsiderableamountofresearchtoexploredifferentwaystoencouragechildren’slearning.Especially,therehasbeenacommonfocusonhowphysicalactivity,separatedfromthelearningactivities,canimprovechildren’slearning.However,therehasbeenlessofafocusaimedthepotentialofintegratingphysicalactivityintothelearningactivities.ThemainpurposeoftheBasketMathematicsstudyconductedatfiveDanishprimaryandelementaryschoolsbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenthereforewastodevelopalearningactivitythatintegratesbasketballandmathematicsandexaminehowitmightaffectchildren’smotivationformathematics.756childrenfrom40differentclassesatCopenhagenareaschoolsparticipatedintheproject,whereabouthalfofthem－onceaweekforsixweeks－hadBasketballMathematicsduringgymclass,whiletheotherhalfplayedbasketballwithoutmathematics.“DuringclasseswithBasketballMathematics,thechildrenhadtocollectnumbersandperformcalculationsassociatedwithvariousbasketballexercises.Anexamplecouldbecountinghowmanytimestheycouldsinkabasketfromthreemetersawayvsataone-meterdistance,andaddingupthenumbers.Boththemathandbasketballelementscouldbeadjustedtosuitthechildren’slevels,aswellasbeingadjustedforwhetheritwasaddition,multiplicationorsomeotheroperationsthatneededtobepracticed,”explainsLinnDamsgaard,aleadingresearcher.Theresultsshowedthatchildren’smotivationformathintegratedwithbasketballwas16%highercomparedtoclassroommathlearning.Childrenalsoexperienceda14%increaseinself-determinationcomparedwithclassroomteaching.MeanwhileBasketballMathematicsimprovedtheirmathconfidence.“WeareplanningtodoresearchtoexaminewhethertheBasketballMathematicsmodelcanstrengthenperformanceinmathematics.Oncewehavethefinalresults,wehopethattheywillinspireschoolteachersandprincipalstoprioritizemorephysicalactivityandmovementinsuchsubjects.Eventually,wehopetosucceedinputtingthesetoolsintoschoolsystemandteachereducation,”saysAssociateProfessorJacobWienecke.1．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A．Toshowtheadvantageofthestudy. B．Toexplainthereasonforthestudy.C．Toconductareviewofpastresearch. D．Tointroduceawaytoraisemathgrades.2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．Allkidsdidn’tplaybasketball. B．Kidsweredividedinto40groups.C．Itstudiedkids’mathperformance. D．Ittailoredactivitiestodifferentkids.3．Whateffectdoesbasketballhaveontheparticipants?A．Moremotivationforexercise. B．Moreconfidenceinbasketball.C．Againindesiretolearnmath. D．Ariseindeterminationtolearn.4．HowdoesJacobWieneckeexpectthestudytohelpeducators?A．Makemathlearningeasier. B．Inspirestudents’mathconfidence.C．Buildphysicalactivityintoteaching. D．Noticethebenefitsofphysicalexercise.（2022·江苏泰州·校考模拟预测）Climatechangeisanongoingandever-presentthreattotheEarthandalllivingthingsuponit.Uncheckedindustrialismandtheburningoffossilfuelshaveresultedinthecreationofharmfulgreenhousegases.Humangreedhasledtomassivedeforestationandclearcuttingofforeststomakewayforfarmland.Pollutionblocksourrivers,lakes,andoceans.Thepointofnoreturnmaybefastapproaching.Afterdecadesofharmfulactions,manygovernmentsandbusinessesarenowstrugglingtofindwaystolessensomeoftheirdestructiveeffectsandreachnet-zero,whichmeansnotaddingtotheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Oneofthewaystheyproposedwastheextensivetree-planting.TheUKgovernment,forexample,hassetoutitsplantoplant30,000hectaresoftreesannuallysoastoabsorbcarbondioxide.However,accordingtoOxfam,aBritishcharitydevotedtohelpingpeopleinpoorcountries,thoseplansneverborefruit.Itissuedclearandstrongwarningsagainstthem—theareaneededforatree-plantingprojectofthisscaletosuccessfullylowercarbonemissionstonet-zeroisestimatedat1.6billionhectares,whichisanareafivetimesthesizeofIndia.Thatmeanstheprojectwouldintrude（侵占）onthelandpresentlyneededtogrowenoughcropstofeedtheworld’sexpandingpopulation.Suchamassivecampaignofturningfarmlandintoforestcouldgiverisetoaglobalinterruptiontoagriculture,andcausefoodpricestorisebyasmuchas80%by2050.Inaworldwheremillionsofpeoplearealreadygoinghungry,thiscouldhavedisastrousresults.Bytryingtosavetheplanet,governmentsandbusinessesmaycausemanymillionsofpeopletodieofstarvation.Thisparadox（悖论）perfectlyillustratesthephrase“damnedifyoudo,anddamnedifyoudon’t.”5．TheauthormentionstheUKgovernmenttoshow_________.A．theoutbreakofclimatedisastershasitseconomicreasonsB．thereisstillsomedoubtwhethertheUKcanreachnet-zeroC．countriesandcompaniesaretryingtodealwithclimatechangeD．net-zeromakessenseonlywhenallcountriesmakejointefforts6．WhatisOxfam’sattitudetowardstheextensivetree-planting?A．Confident. B．Critical. C．Favorable. D．Unclear.7．Whatistheparadoxassociatedwiththeplansfortree-planting?A．Avastareaoftheforestwouldburndowninstead.B．Biggerforestscouldresultinapopulationexplosion.C．Indiawouldlose1.6billionhectaresofagriculturalland.D．Plantingtreescouldleadtothestarvationofmillionsofpeople.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheCatch-22ofNet-zeroB．NewResponsestoClimateChangeC．PlantingTreesforaBetter-fedWorldD．TheControlofGreenhouseGasEmission（2022·重庆·重庆一中校考模拟预测）HannahLeszyeskiwasweeksawayfromhavingababy,andtheonlyfurnitureshehadinherapartmentwasababybedwithaholeinit.Oneyearbefore,atage18,shehadagedoutoffostercare,havingbeeninthesystemsinceshewasfourwhenhersinglemotherwasnolongerabletocareforher.Thoughasacollegestudent,shereceivedascholarshipfromastateprogramthathelpsformerfostercarekidsattendingcollege,still,thingssuchasfurniturejustweren’tinherbudget.ThenshelearnedaboutChair-ity,anonprofitformedby23-year-oldMariaPaparella.Theorganizationprovidesfurnitureandhouseholdgoodstoyoungadultswhohaveleftfostercare.Leszyeskiwasn’thomewhenthefurniturearrived,butwhenshewalkedintoherapartmentwithhertwo-day-oldbabyboy,shegaspedwithdelight.Intheonceemptyapartmentstoodafullkitchenset,abed,adresserandtwoendtables.Leszyeskirecalls,“Iwasalreadystressedoutaboutbeingasinglemother.Itrelievedmealot.”Paparellafirstbecameawareoffostercareinelementaryschoolwhenherparentswereconsideringadoptingachild.Theplandidn’tworkout,butPaparellaoftenfoundherselfthinkingaboutthatgirl.“I’mreallyclosewithmyfamily,andIjustcouldn’timaginebeingcompletelyonmyownat18,“shesays.Tryingtounderstandwhatagingoutlookedlike,theideaof“movingintoanapartmentandnothavingabedtosleepon”pulledatherheartstrings.Today,aswordhasgottenout,Chair-ityhasgivenfurnituretonearly200youngadultsandhasreceivedonationsfrompeoplewhohaveboughtnewfurnitureandwanttogetridoftheiroldpiecesandpeoplewhoaremoving.Paparella’sconvincedthesecontributionsgivetherecipientshopeandasenseofsecurity.Leszyeskiagrees.“ItmakesmefeellikeI’mnodifferentthanotherparents.Mywholelife,I’vefeltabnormal,“shesays.Now,“Ifeelnormal.”9．WhywasLeszyeskiunabletoaffordthefurniture?A．Becauseshedidn’tworkhardenough. B．Becauseshedidn’taskhermotherforhelp.C．Becauseshesavedallhermoneyforschool. D．Becauseshehadnofamilymembertorelyon.10．Whowastheorganizationfoundedfor?A．Ex-fosteryoungadults. B．Poorfamilywithnojobs.C．Singleparentswithchildren. D．Hard-workingcollegestudents.11．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“pulledatherheartstrings”inParagraph3mean?A．Addedtoherinterest. B．Broughthergreatsurprise.C．Madeherfeelreallysorry. D．Helpedbuildupherconfidence.12．HowdoesLeszyeskifeelnow?A．Moved. B．Secure. C．Excited. D．Cheerful.（2022·湖南益阳·统考模拟预测）Someroboticistsbelieverobotscanactuallysolvesomeofourbiggestsocialproblems,includinglonelinessanddementia(痴呆).In2019,JapaneseroboticscompanyGrooveXintroducedLOVOT,arobotthatweighsasmuchasababyandlookslikeamixbetweenapenguinandabear.Infact,LOVOTisjustoneofthelatestrobotsmeanttohelppeoplewhoaresufferingfromissuessuchaslonelinessanddementia.LOVOThasasystemofsensorsthatallowsittomovefreelyaroundaroomandrespondtothings.Forexample,theywillgetitsbellyrubbedorfallasleepwhenit’sheld.Also,whenLOVOTneedsahug,itwillfinditsownerinthehouseandwaituntilitispickedup.Allovertheworld,robotslikeLOVOTarebeingusedfor“robot-assistedtherapy(治疗)”.Forexample,whenarobotbabysealnamedPAROwasgiventoanelderlyAustralianpatientwithdementia,thepatientspokeforthefirsttimesincearrivingatthenursingfacility.InNewZealand,whendementiapatientsweregiventhechancetoplaywithPAROorarealdog,theychosetoplaywithPARO.TheinventionofrobotslikeLOVOTandPAROisnoaccident.Oursocietyisquicklychanging,andsomecountriesarebecoming“agingsocieties”.Sometimes,theseolderpopulationsdon’thaveenoughloveorcompanionshipintheirlife,andtheirageorhealthmightmeantheycan’tcareforapet.That’swhyLOVOTandPAROcouldbetheperfectcompanionsforbothyoungandoldfolks,alwaysreadytogivelovewithouteveraskingoranythinginreturn.13．WhichofthefollowingisafeatureofLOVOT?A．Itoffershelptoallpeople. B．Itsweightisasheavyasabear.C．ItisrecommendedbyGrooveX. D．Itsappearanceisjustlikeapenguin.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“robot-assisted”inparagraph3mean?A．Helpedbyrobots. B．Destroyedbyrobots.C．Trainedbyrobots. D．Completedbyrobots.15．WhatisPAROaccordingtothepassage?A．Arobotbabydogthatlookslikearealdog.B．Arobotbabysealthathelpsthepatientswithdementia.C．Arobotbabybearthatisusedfor“robot-assistedtherapy”.D．ArobotbabyanimalthatcuredanelderlyAustralianpatientwithdementia.16．WhyareLOVOTandPAROlovedbymanypeople?A．Becausetheyarerobots. B．Becausetheyareattractive.C．Becausetheylackcompany. D．Becausetheyareneededbythesociety.（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）Althoughweallexperiencefailureinourlives,wedon’tallreacttoitinthesameway.Aninterestingresearchhasemphasizedthenotionthattherearesomepeoplewhoembracechallengesanddisappointmentsasopportunitiestore-focustheirthinking.Thesearepeoplewithagrowthmindset.Then,thereareotherpeoplewhoseefailureasacompletefailure.Theybelievethattheyneverhadthetalentanyway,andtheyprobablyneverwill.Thesearepeoplewithafixedmindset.PsychologistDweckhasstudiedthesemindsetsandprovidedevidencethatmostpeopleintentionallyplacethemselvesinoneofthosetwogroups.Thegrouptowhichyouassignyourselffrequentlydetermineshowyoureacttochallenges.Ifyouexperiencefailureandgiveup,youhaveconvenientlyassignedyourselftothefixedgroup.Ifyouexperiencefailureandregarditasasteppingstone,thenyouhaveplacedyourselfintothegrowthgroup.Accordingtotheresearch,peopleinthegrowthgrouptendtogeneratemorecreativeideasthanthoseinthefixedgroup.Toillustrate,considerThomasEdison.Inthe19thcentury,Edisonattemptedtoimprovethelightbulbandexperimentedwithnumerousmaterials.Overathousandtrials,hemanagedtodiscoveranelementsustaininglight.Areporteronceaskedhim,“Itseemsasthoughyou’vetriedmanytimesandcontinuetofaileachtime.Wh