动词时态的讲解和练习

学习必备欢迎下载北京四中撰稿老师：黄浩编审老师：蔡正礼责任编辑：丁华动词时态的讲解和练习一、中考对动词的知识要求中考对动词的考查主要集中在：1、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；2、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）3、掌握系动词be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法；4、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；5、掌握助动词be,do,have,shall,will的基本用法；6、掌握情态动词can,must,need,may等基本句型结构及主要用法；7、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法；8、了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法；9、掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则；10、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语的基本用法；11、了解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。二、动词考察点分项说明：（一）掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：动词特征变色例词一般动词词尾加-8look-looksfind-finds'就串汉ch,sh或口结尾词尾加YSwatch-watches,push-pushes2转辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-esfly-flies,apply-applies

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成:①规则动词的变化:规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。劭词特征 隹化例词尸般动词 初尾加-虱look-looked,looked以e结尾 一恸尾加-dlive-lived,lived以产辅音字母+Y”结尾变y为L再加七］cany-earned,carried以重读闭音节至f音:塌尾,且木尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母，再加-削stop-stopped,stepped②不规则动词的变化。（略）3、动词的现在分词的构成:和词特征变化 |例词f动词直接加-inglook-lookingwatch-watching以盗尾去ett-ingcome-comingmove-moving以重读闭首节或•f首节骷swuii-swiiiiiiiiiig尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字当先双写该辅音字母，再加-ingrun-mtining以正结尾且为重读开音节变尼加y再加ingdie-dyinglie-lying（二）掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）1、一般现在时①一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作，与always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday（week,month用连用；表示现在的事实或状态；表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。②一般现在时的构成：一般现在时通常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词原形后需加~s或-es。Shelikesbiologyverymuch,她非常喜欢生物。Theyoftengotoschoolbybike.他们通常骑车上学。2、一般过去时

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday,lastweek,twohoursago等连用；表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作，这时可与频度副词often,usually,always等连用；表示过去发生的一连串动作，以及在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。②一般过去时的构成：一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。Wemeteachotheronthestreetyesterday.我们昨天在街上碰见了。Sheoftenwentswimminglastyear.她去年经常去游泳。Theymovedthechairstothetable,satdownandbegantohavesupper.他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始吃饭。Marytoldmethatshewouldstayathomeifitrained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。3、一般将来时①一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如nextmonth,tomorrow,inaweek,soon等连用。②一般将来时的构成：1）一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。其中shall主要用于主语是第一人称（I和we）的疑问句中。2）也可以用“begoingto+动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情，或是打算、计划、以及决定要做某件事情等。TheywillhaveaclassmeetingnextTuesday.他们下周二将举行班会。Weshallmeetattheschoolgate.我们将在学校大门口见。Itisgoingtorain.要下雨了。4、现在进行时①现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常与now,atpresent,atthismoment等连用；或与thesedays,thisweek/month等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与always,continually,forever等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时，表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如：Heisalwaysaskingsuchsillyquestions他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载②现在进行时的构成：现在进行时由“be(am/is/are)+V-ing”构成。TheyarewatchingTVnow.他们正在看电视。Thedogisenjoyinghismeal.小狗正在吃饭。5、过去进行时①过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同，只不过参照的时间基准点不同。过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如:then,atthattime,ateightyesterday,thistimeyesterday,whenhecamein等。②过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似，只不过把be(am,is,are)变为过去式(was,were)TheywerewatchingTVatthattime.他们那会正在看电视。Thedogwasenjoyinghismealatthistimeyesterday.小狗昨天这个时候正在吃饭。6、现在完成时①表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在，常与already,just,yet等副词连用；或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。②现在完成时由助动词“have/has+过去分词”构成。Hehasalreadycomeback,他已经回来了。(三)掌握系动词be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法；常见的连系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fall等。它们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.请保持教室的干净。Thebreadlooksveryfresh.这些面包看上去很新鲜。(四)了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；①过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相同，只是把will,shall变为过去式would,should，把助动词be的过去式变为过去式was或were而已。如:Theyweregoingtohaveameeting他们曾打算开会。

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载②过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。与现在完成的用法相同，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常by,before引导的时间状语连用。如：Bythetimehewasten,Edisonhadbuiltalabforhimself.到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。Shesaidshehadworkedinthathospitalfor20years她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。（五）掌握助动词be,do,have,shall,will的基本用法；助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。常见的助动词有：（1）be（am,is,are,was,were,being,been）与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。I'mlookingformypen.我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）ThesecupsaremadeinChina.这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）（2）have（has,had,having）与过去分词结合，构成完成时。Theyhaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）Hehadbuiltachemistrylabforhimselfattheageoften.他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）（3）do（does,did）助动词do后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。HedoesnotspeakEnglish.他不说英语。Whendidhecomeback?他什么时候回来的？（4）will（would）,shall（should）will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载Theplanewillarriveintenminutes.飞机十分钟后将要到达。Iwassurewewouldwin.我确信我们会赢。shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。Weshallmeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.我们明天将在校门口见。ItoldthemthatIshoulddotheworkalone.我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。三、链接中考（2008-南京）一Didyouseeagirlinwhitepassbyjustnow?—No,sir.Ianewspaper.A.readB.wasreadingC.wouldreadD.amreading.答案：B【解析】此题考查的是过去进行时态。根据题意：我在那个时候正在看报，是过去进行时。故选B。（2008-河北）How'sAnnie?Iherforalongtime.A.don'tseeB.won'tseeC.didn'tseeD.haven'tseen答案：D【解析】此题考查的是现在完成时态。"foralongtime”用于现在完成时态中，故选D。（2008-杭州）Happiness_inhergrandfather'seyeseverytimehehearshervoice.A.shinesB.isshoneC.HasshoneD.wasshone答案：A【解析】此题考查的是一般现在时。根据句意，每次听到他的声音，她的眼睛里闪烁着幸福”，所以用一般现在时。故选A。（2008-河南）—Look!ThelightisstilloninMr.Zhang'soffice.—I'mafraidhehisworkyet.A.doesn'tfinishB.didn'tfinishC.hasn'tfinishedD.won'tfinish答案：C【解析】考查动词时态。本题出现了yet通常用于现在完成时。我恐怕他也不能完成工作。故选C。

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载(2008-福建三明)Thegrandbuildingsintwoyears.A.werebuiltB.arebuiltC.willbebuilt答案：C【解析】此题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态。“in+一段时间”用于一般将来时中，又句子的主语是物，所以用被动语态。故选C。(2008-湖北咸宁)一Someoftheplasticbagscan'tafterJunel.—Yes,peoplewilluseenvironmentalbagsinstead.A.useB.beuseC.beusedD.areused答案：C【解析】此题考查的是含有情态动词的被动语态。根据句子的主语是物，可推知用被动语态，又句子中有情态动词can't,故选C。四、分类训练I、适当形式填空现在进行时Look!Thebus(come)—Whatarethestudentsdoing?—They(watch)abasketballmatchontheplayground.Listen!Someone(cry)intheroom.WeiFangisill.She(stay)inbednow.—Whatthey(do)now?—They(climb)thehill.一般现在时—Tomoften(watch)TVonSaturday?—Yes,he.LiFang(be)goodatmaths.Heusually(watch)TVintheevening.学习必备欢迎下载Mysister(notlike)swimming.Theyoften(play)footballafterschool.一般将来时Idon'tknowwhetherMothermetoBeijingnextmonth.(take)I(write)toyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.Idon'tthinkthatit(rain)tomorrow.They(build)anewbridgeovertherivernextyear.Thestudents(clean)theirclassroomtomorrow.一般过去时Sheonhercoatandwentout.(put)Whenthey(reachthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Thestory(happen)longago.He(notdo)hishomeworklastnight.Thescientist(give)usatalkyesterday.过去进行时Thetwins(dig)aholeforayoungtreeatthattimeyesterday.It(rain)outsidethen.Hehadtotaketheraincoatwithhim.They(do)theirlessonsateightyesterdayevening.Mr.Black(talk)withmymotherwhenIsawhim.Thechildren(watch)TVatsevenlastnight.Hisaunt(do)somecookingwhenhecamein.He(do)hishomeworkateightyesterday.Whenhisteachercame,he(talk)withhisclassmates.Itwastwelveo'clockatnight.Mr.Listill(work)inthetab.学习必备欢迎下载he(do)hishomeworkateightlastnight?He(mend)hismotorbikewhenIsawhim.Johnandhissister(pick)applesinthegardenwhenwewenttovisitthemthismorning.WhoknockedatthedoorwhenI(sleep)?Whatyou(do)fromeighttotenyesterdaymorning?He(lie)inbedwhenIcameintotheroom.现在完成时WeiFangisn'there.She(go)tothereadingroom.ZhangHong(make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.She(work)inthisfactoryfortenyears.They(nothear)fromeachothersince1995.—you(finish)yourhomeworkyet?—No,notyet.—WhereisJim?—He(go)toCanada.Howlongyou(be)atthisschool?I(have)breakfastalready.She(study)Englishforthreeyears.Inever(see)suchawonderfulmatchbefore.参考答案：现在进行时：1.iscoming2.arewatching3.iscrying4.isstaying5.aredoing,areclimbing学习必备欢迎下载一般现在时1.Does,watch,does,2.is3.watches4.doesn'tlike5.play一般将来时1.willtake2.willwrite3.willrain4.willbuild5.willclean一般过去时1.put2.reached3.happened4.didn'tdo5.gave过去进行时1.weredigging2.wasraining3.weredoing4.wastalking5.werewatching6.wasdoing7.wasdoing8.wastalking9.was,working10.was,doing11.wasmending12.werepicking13.wassleeping14.were,doing15.waslying现在完成时1.hasgone2.hasmade3.hasworked4.haven'theard5.have,finished6.hasgone7.have,been8.havehad9.hasstudiedhave,seenII、单选选择现在进行时.youyourhomeworknow?A.Are,doB.Do,doC.Will,doD.Are,doing

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载Look,theyagoodtime.A.hasB.haveC.arehavingD.had—Ican'tfindmypen.CanIuseyours?—Sorry,Iitnow.A.amusingB.wasusingC.haveusedD.used—youtotheradio?—No,youcanturnitoff.A.Did,listenB.Have,listenedC.Do,listenD.Are,listeningLook!Somechildrengamesontheplayground.A.isplayingB.areplayingC.areplayedD.isgoingtoplayDon'tgooutnow.Ithard.A.willrainB.israinsC.israiningD.rainingDon'tmakeanynoise.Theteachersameeting.A.arehavingB.ishavingC.haveD.willhaveImustgonow.LiLeiformeattheschoolgate.A.waitB.waitingC.iswaitingD.waitsIt'seighto'clock.ThestudentsanEnglishclass.A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehavingListen!Someoneinthenextroom.A.singsB.issingingC.aresingingD.issing一般现在时Jimusuallyupatfive.A.getB.gotC.isgettingD.gets—hehimselfthere?学习必备欢迎下载—No,Idon'tthinkso.A.Do,enjoyB.Does,enjoiesC.Does,enjoysD.Does,enjoyHeusuallyTVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatchingHeoftenschoolonfoot.A.goesB.gotoC.goD.goestoMikeTVtwiceaweek.A.watchB.watchesC.watchedD.haswatchedI'llgowithyouassoonasImywork.A.willfinishB.finishedC.finishD.wouldfinishHewilldobetterinEnglishifheharder.A.willworkB.worksC.workingD.workThesupermarketisfarfromLily'shouse.Sosheonlyonceaweek.A.goesshoppingB.hasbeenthereC.wasshoppingD.hasgonethereAskhimifhetotheparty.Ifhe,letmeknow.A.comes;comesB.willcome;comesC.comes,willcomeD.willcome;willcome—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Hesaidthattheearthroundthesun.A.goB.goesC.goingD.willgoShewillhaveaholidayassoonasshetheworknextweek.A.finishesB.doesn'tfinishC.willfinishD.won'tfinishyourmothersomecleaningonSundays?A.Does,doesB.Do,doesC.Does,doD.Do,do学习必备欢迎下载Tomtoworkhardtohelphisfamily?Yes,he.A.Has,X,doesB.Has,X,doesC.Does,has,hasD.Does,have,doesMr.BlackoftenfishingonSundays.A.goB.goesC.don'tgoD.isn'tgoWedon'tgotoplaywithsnowifittomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowedNeitherInorheFrench.A.speakB.doesn'tspeakC.speaksD.doesn'tspeakyourfatherusuallygotoworkearlyeveryday?A.WasB.WereC.DoD.DoesyouEnglisheverymorning?A.Are,readB.Do,readC.Does,readD.Are,readingIwillgivethenotetohimassoonasheback.A.getB.getsC.gotD.willgetThestudentswillgototheGreatWallifittomorrow.A.isn'trainB.doesn'trainC.don'trainD.rain一般将来时TheyabasketballmatchnextSunday.A.watchB.willwatchC.watchedD.arewatchingTheGreensbackinaweek.A.isB.areC.willbeD.was学习必备欢迎下载Thereapartytonight.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.isgoingtohaveD.wasgoingtobeDon'thurry!Wecangettothebusstationintimeandwetheearlybus.A.don'tmissB.canmissC.willmissD.won'tmissWeaclassmeetingthisNovember.A.hadB.haveC.willhaveD.arehavingHeinhisgardeneverymorningnextyear.A.willworkB.worksC.workedD.isworkingBecareful.ThetrainA.willcomeB.comeC.comesD.iscomingLookatthoseclouds.Itsoon,I'mafraid.A.isgoingtorainB.israiningC.willrainD.won'trainTheradiosaysitthedayaftertomorrow.A.isgoingtosnowB.issnowingC.willsnowD.snowshesomeshoppingtomorrowafternoon?A.Will,doesB.Is,goingtodoC.Is,doingD.Shall,do一般过去时Weafootballmatchthreeweeksago.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.arehavingOurteacherEnglishontheradiothedaybeforeyesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.willteachD.hadtaught—yououtforawalkaftersupper?—Yes,I.

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载A.Did,went,wentB.Did,go,wentC.Did,went,didD.Did,go,didTomandJimintheclassroomjustnow?A.WasB.AreC.WereD.IsWhenIherinthehall,shewasplayingthepiano.A.seeB.sawC.willseeD.amseeingHeturnedoffthelightsandthentheclassroom.A.leavesB.willleaveC.isleavingD.left—asportsmeetinglastSunday?—Yes,they.A.Didtheyhave,didB.Didtheyhave,hadC.Hadthey,hadD.Hadthey,didMr.KingChinalastyear.A.visitB.visitedCvisitsD.visitingOurheadmasterhereamomentago.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereTheythelostchildlastnight.findedB.findsC.foundD.find过去进行时Ialetteratninelastnight.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.iswritingWhatyouaboutwhentheteachercameintotheclassroom?A.are,talkingB.are,talkC.were,talkD.were,talking—Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.—Oh,Iamsorry.Idinneratmyfriend'shome.

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehadLiPinghisbikeatthistimeyesterday.A.wouldmendB.hasmendedC.wasmendingD.mended“Whatyouatnoonyesterday?”“Itheclothes.”A.were,doing,waswashingare,doing,waswashingdid,do,amwashingdo,do,washingTheteacherandwriterdoingmorningexercisesthistimeyesterday.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereWhenwegottothesmallvillageatthefootofmountain,ithard.A.israiningB.rainedC.wasrainingD.wererainingMrs.BlackwithmymotherwhenIsawheranhourago.A.talksB.wastalkingC.hastalkedD.istalking—Whatwereyoudoinglastnight?—Ianinterestingnovel.A.amlookingB.waslookingC.amreadingD.wasreading—WhatwasSashadoingwhenMishaknockedatthedoor?A.Yes,hewascooking.B.HeiswatchingTV.学习必备欢迎下载C.No,heisn'tin.D.Hewaswritingaletter.现在完成时IinBeijingsince1956.A.willliveB.liveC.havelivedD.livedMr.LiinShanghaisincehewasborn.A.livedB.livesC.haslivedD.willlive—WhereisMr.Li?—HetoLondon.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.goHefromBeijingforthreeyears.A.hasbeenawayB.hasgoneC.hasleftD.hascome—Lucy,youyourticket?—Notyet.A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;findIthepenfortwoweeks.A.haveboughtB.haveborrowedC.havehadD.havelent—Howlonghaveyouthebook?—Fortwoweeks.A.borrowedB.keptC.lentD.bought—HowmanytimesyoutoBeijingthisyear?—Threetimes.A.have;beenB.had;been学习必备欢迎下载C.have;goneD.had;goneItoShanghaithreetimes.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.wentD.goWangHaihishomeworkandnowheiswatchingTV.A.hasfinishedB.finishedC.willfinishD.finishesTheGreenfamilyLondonfornearlytwoyears.Theyallmisstheirhometownverymuch.A.leftB.willleaveC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfromHergrandparentsfortenyears.A.diedB.havediedC.weredeadD.havebeendead—Howlonghaveyouthemotorbike?—Forabouttwoweeks.A.boughtB.hadC.borrowedD.lentMyuncleBeijinglastweek.Heawayforaweek.A.left,hasleftB.willleave,hasbeenC.left,hasbeenD.left,was—youevertotheUnitedStates?—Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,been

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载C.Do,goD.Were,going—Excuseme,lookatthesignNOPHOTOS!—Sorry,Iit.A.don'tseeB.didn'tseeC.haven'tseenD.won'tseeTheEnglishteacherisn'there.Shetotheoffice.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.wouldgoD.went“HowlonghasJim?”“Forabouteightweeks.”A.goneawayB.lefthomeC.beenawayD.returnedhomeMr.BrownmanyfriendssincehecametoChina.A.hasmadeB.hasmakeC.makesD.isgoingtomake“youanewdictionary?”“Notyet.”A.Has,buyB.Has,boughtC.Did,buyD.Have,bought参考答案：现在进行时：1—5DCADB6—10CACDB一般现在时：1—5DDBDB6—10CBABB11—15ACDBB16—20CDBBB一般将来时：1—5BCBDC6—10ADACB一般过去时：1—5CBDCB6—10DABBC过去进行时：1—5BDCCA6—10BCBDD现在完成时：1—5CCAAB6—10CBABA11—15DDBCB16—20CBCAD学习必备欢迎下载m、综合习题精选Hisfather,anywashinginthemorning.A.doesn'tdoB.doesn'tC.doesn'tdoesD.doesn'tdoesI1000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A.havelearnedB.hadlearnedC.wouldlearnD.waslearningHowlong.you.thebicycle?A.have…boughtB.have…hadC.did…buyD.do…buyMybrotherknowsLondonverywell.Hetheremanytimes.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.wasD.wentThechildrenwanttoknowifMissGreenfreetomorrow.A.isB.isgoingtoC.willD.willbeListen,themusic.nice.A.soundsB.issoundingC.issoundD.wassoundingHe_earlyeverymorningfromnowon.A.getsupB.doesgetupC.doesgetsupD.willgetupOurteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.A.traveledB.travelsC.wastraveledD.hadtraveledMr.Brownisnotathome.He_tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.hadgoneHesaidhewouldgotothecinemawithusifhefree.A.isB.wereC.