2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(三)

2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案（三）考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(三)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(三)Economics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,exchange,andconsumptionofgoodsandservices.Economistsfocusonthewayinwhichindividuals,groups,businessenterprises,andgovernmentsseektoachieveefficientlyanyeconomicobjectivetheyselect.(1)Otherfieldsofstudyalsocontributetothisknowledge:Psychologyandethicstrytoexplainhowobjectivesareformed,historyrecordschangesinhumanobjectives,andsociologyinterpretshumanbehaviorinsocialcontexts.Standardeconomicscanbedividedintotwomajorfields.(2)Thefirst,pricetheoryormicroeconomics,explainshowtheinterplayofsupplyanddemandincompetitivemarketscreatesamultitudeofindividualprices,wagerates,profitmargins,andrentalchanges.Microeconomicsassumesthatpeoplebehaverationally.ConsumerstrytospendtheirincomeinwaysthatgivethemasmuchpleasureaspossibleAseconomistssay,theymaximizeutility.Fortheirpart,entrepreneursseekasmuchprofitastheycanextractfromtheiroperations.Thesecondfield,macroeconomics,dealswithmodernexplanationsofnationalincomeandemployment.Macroeconomicsdatesfromthebook,TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,Interest,andMoney(1935),bytheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynes.Hisexplanationofprosperityanddepressioncentersonthetotaloraggregatedemandforgoodsandservicesbyconsumers,businessinvestors,andgovernments,(3)Because,accordingtoKeynes,inadequatetotaldemandincreasesunemployment,theindicatedcureiseithermoreinvestmentbybusinessesormorespendingandconsequentlylargerbudgetdeficitsbygovernment.Economicissueshaveoccupiedpeople'smindsthroughouttheages.(4)AristotleandPlatoinancientGreecewroteaboutproblemsofwealth,property,andtrade,bothofwhomwereprejudicedagainstcommerce,feelingthattolivebytradewasundesirable.TheRomansborrowedtheireconomicideasfromtheGreeksandshowedthesamecontemptfortrade.(5)DuringtheMiddleAgestheeconomicideasoftheRomanCatholicchurchwereexpressedinthelawofthechurch,whichcondemnedthetakingofinterestformoneyloanedandregardedcommerceasinferiortoagriculture.Economicsasasubjectofmodernstudy,distinguishablefrommoralphilosophyandpolitics,datesfromthework,InquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations(1776),bytheScottishphilosopherandeconomistAdamSmith.MercantilismandphysiocracywereprecursorsoftheclassicaleconomicsofSmithandhis19th-centurysuccessors.答案其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解释目标是如何形成的，历史记录着人们所追求的目标的变化，社会学则从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。第一个领域，价格理论或微观经济学，解释在竞争的市场中供需间的相互作用是怎样导致了大量的个别价格、工资率、利润空间和租金的变化。因为，按照凯恩斯的理论，不充分的总体需求会增加失业，建议的解决方式是企业扩大投资或政府增加开支，继而增加预算赤字。古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财富、财产和贸易问题，两人都对商业持有偏见，认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。在中世纪，罗马天主教会的经济学思想表达在其教法中，教法谴责从借贷中获利的行为，并认为商业地位劣于农业。总体分析本文主要介绍了经济学的研究发展历史。第一段：经济学的定义及研究对象。第二、三段：经济学的两大领域：微观经济学和宏观经济学。第四、五段：经济学研究的古代和现代理论。试题精解［精解］本题考核的知识点是：并列分句、后置定语。该句子中冒号后是并列的三个简单句。第一个分句中how引导的从句做explain的宾语第二个和第三个分句中都有介词in的短语做后置定语，翻译时应提前。词汇方面：contributeto意为“是的原因增进，有助于”knowledge意为“知识知晓，了解”，文中活译为“对…的理解”。［精解］本题考核的知识点是：宾语从句、状语。句子的主干是Thefirstexplainshow…。主语后的名词短语pricetheoryormicroeconomics是其同位语，因此翻译thefirst时，应增译为“第一个领域”。how引导宾语从句，其主干是theinterplay…creates…。介词短语incompetitivemarkets做地点状语，翻译时应前置。词汇方面：interplay意为“相互影响”amultitudeof意为“许多的，大量的”individual意为“个别的，单独的，个人的"margin意为“（时间、空间、金钱的）余地”，profitmargin指“利润空间”。［精解］本题考核的知识点是：词性转换。该句是包含原因状语从句的复合句,句子主干是theindicatedcureis…，表语由并列连词either…or…连接。词汇方面：indicated是过去分词用做形容词，动词indicate意为“表明，暗示，提及，建议”根据上下文indicated译为“建议的”。moreinvestment，morespending和largerbudgetdeficits是形容词比较级加名词，根据汉语习惯转换成动词加名词的搭配，即“扩大投资”、“增加开支”和“增加预算赤字”。［精解］本题考核的知识点是：定语从句、分词做状语。主句是Aristotleand…wroteaboutproblems…，后面接有bothofwhom引导的定语从句，采用拆译法单独成句。句子最后的分词结构feelingthat…在定语从句中做状语，翻译时也应单独成句，that后引导的是宾语从句，做feeling的宾语。词