动词和动词短语的用法总结及练习专题

学习必备欢迎下载专题九动词的分类和动词短语中考要求：1.熟练掌握动词一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的形式。.熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时的构成和基本用法。.初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别。.了解过去将来时、过去完成时的构成和基本用法。.了解及物动词和不及物动词的用法。知识点一、动词分类1、表动作状态的词叫做动词,能单独作谓语，根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类:实义动词(NotionalVerb)、系动词(LinkVerb)、助动词(AuxiliaryVerb)、情态动词(ModalVerb),有些动词是兼类词1)Wearehavingameeting.2)HehasgonetoNewYork.2、根据是否带有宾语，可分为两类：及物动词(TransitiveVerb、不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb)同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词1)Shecandanceandsing.2)ShecansingmanyEnglishsongs.3、根据是否受主语人称和数的限制，分两类：限定动词(FiniteVerb)、非限定动词(Non-finiteVerb)英语中共有三种非限定动词：动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)1)Shesingsverywell.2)ShewantstolearnEnglishwell.4、根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类:单字词(One-WordVerb、短语动词(PhrasalVerb)、动词短语(VerbalPhrase)1)TheEnglishlanguagecontainsmanyphrasalverbsandverbalphrases.2)Studentsshouldlearntolookupnewwordsindictionaries.5、动词有五种形态：原形(OriginalForm)、第三人称单数形式(SingularFrominThirdPersonal)、过去式(PastForm)、过去分词(PastParticiple)、现在分词(PresentParticiple)知识点二、助动词1、协助主动词构成谓语动词组的词叫助动词(AuxiliaryVerb)被协助动词称主动词(MainVerb),助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用：1)表示时态Hehasgotmarried.2)表示语态HewassenttoEngland.3)构成疑问句DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?4)与否定副词not合用，构成否定句Idon'tlikehim.5)加强语气Docometothepartytomorrowevening.2、助动词be的用法

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载1、bev-ing,构成进行时态Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.2、bev-ed,构成被动语态Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.3、betodo,可表示下列内容1）表示最近、未来的计划或安排HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..2）表示命Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.3）征求意见HowamItoanswerhim?4）表示相约、商定Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.3、助动词have的用法1、havev-ed,构成完成时态Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.2、havebeenv-ed，构成完成进行时IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.3、have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.4、助动词do的用法1、构成一般疑问句DoyouwanttopasstheCET?2、do+not构成否定句Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.3、构成否定祈使句Don'tbesoabsent-minded.4、放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气Docometomybirthdayparty.5、用于倒装句OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.知识点三、连系动词连系动词（LinkVerb）,本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。注：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语1）Hefellillyesterday.2）Hefellofftheladder.1、表状态系动词（用来表示主语状态，只有be一词）Heisateacher.2、表持续性系动词（用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,continue）1）Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.2）Thismatterrestsamystery.3、表感官系动词（感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look）1）Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载2)Thisflowersmellsverysweet.4、表变化系动词(这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run)1)Hebecamemadafterthat.2)Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.5、表像系动词(用来表示看起来像有seem,appear,look)1)Helookstired.2)Heseems(tobe)verysad.6、终止系动词(表示主语已终止动作有prove,trunout)1)Thesearchproveddifficult.2)Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.7、系动词的使用应注意事项1)有些动词既可以作系动词，又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择Thesoftdrinkingtastesquitesour.Thechefistastingthefishcarefully.2)这类词不用进行时3)系动词无被动式知识点四、情态动词的用法1、musthaveto1)表示义务。意为必须，must表示主观意志;haveto表示客观需要Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.Mybrotherwasill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.2)must无人称和数的变化;haveto有人称和数的变化haveto,hasto,hadto,havehadtomustn’t表示禁止；don,thaveto表不必Youdon,thavetotellhimaboutit.3)must表推测，意为想必、准是、一定等，只用于肯定句She,swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.4)must提问的回答方式---Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?---Yes,youmust/No,youneedrft/No,youdon,thaveto.2、cancouldbeableto1)表示能力，can只用于现在时和过去时(could);beableto用于各种时态Twoeyescanseemorethanone.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.2)理论上或是逻辑判断上表示可能Thetemperaturecanfallto60℃,thatis60℃belowfreezing.

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载Hecan,t(couldn't)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.Youmustn'tsmokewhileyou,rewalkingaroundinthewood.Youcouldstartafire.3)表示允许，比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法Can(could)Ihavealookatyournewpen?Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room.3、maymight1)might表允许，可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedoiit./You,dbetternot./No,youmustn't.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气2)表事实上可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定Shemaynotknowaboutit.Theymightbehavingameeting,butI'mnotsure.4、willwould1)表意愿Ifyouwillreadthebook,I'lllendittoyou.Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.2)will表请求，用于疑问句;would表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法Willyouclosethewindow?It'sabitcold.Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?3)will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作;would表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向Fishwilldieoutofwater.Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.5、should和oughtto1)should表义务，某件事宜于做，用于各种人称；oughtto表义务，因责任、义务等该做，口气比should稍重Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.2)should表推测，意为想必一定、照说、估计；oughtto表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.There'safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.6、情态动词表示推测意义1)must,can,could,may,might皆可以表示推测，语气由强到弱2)must,can,could,may,might不同时态的用法must,can,could,may,might接动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况推测，此时动词常为系动词must,can,could,may,might接现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况推测

学习必备 欢迎下载must,can,could,may,might接动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测must,can,could,may,might接现在完成进行时，表对过去正在发生的事情的推测3）can,t意为不可能；而maynot意为可能不Dannycan,tbeathome.Isawhiminthelibraryjustnow.It,sseveno,clocknow.Michaelmaynotcomehere.五、动词短语归纳1、动词+介词agreewith同意...的意见；符合learn...from…向…学习preferto…宁愿（选择）;更喜欢baseon以...（为）根据liveon继续存在；靠…生活quarrelwith（和某人）吵架listento听…lookafter照顾，照看regard...as…把…当作…；当作getto到达…lookat看；观看stop...fromdoing阻止...做...falloff（从…）掉下lookfor寻找talkabout说话；谈话；谈论help...with…帮助（某人）做（某事）looklike看起来像talkwith与...交谈knockat/on敲（门、窗）payfor（sth.）付钱；支付thinkabout考虑laughat嘲笑pointat指示；指向thinkof认为；想起2、动词+副词askfor请求；询问getup起床setoff出发；动身；启程carryon坚持下去；继续下去giveup放弃sendup发射；把…往上送cutdown砍倒goon继续shutdown把…关上cleanup清除；收拾干净goout出去sitdown坐下comedown下来；落goover过一遍；仔细检查slowdown减缓；减速comealong来；随同growup长大；成长takeoff脱掉（衣服）comein进来handin交上来takeout取出comeon来吧；跟着来；赶快holdon等一等；（电话时）不挂断throwabout乱丢；抛撒comeout出来；（花）开；发（芽）hurryup赶快tripover（被…）绊倒comeover过来；顺便来访lookout留神；注意tryon试穿（衣服、鞋等）；试戴dropoff放下（某物）；下车lookover（仔细）检查tryout试验；尝试eatup吃光；吃完lookup向上看；抬头看turndown关小；调低fallbehind落在…后面；输给别人passon传递；转移到…turnon打开（电灯、收音机、等）falldown跌倒；从…落下pickup拾起；捡起turnoff关（电灯、收音机、煤气等）findout查出（真相）putaway放好；把…收起来turnover（使）翻过来getback回来；取回puton穿上；戴上；（戏剧等）上演wakeup醒来getdown下来；落卜；把…取下来putdown把（某物）放下来wearout把…穿旧；磨坏getoff下来；从…下来putup挂卜起；举起workout算出；制订出geton上（车）runaway流失；逃跑；逃走writedown写卜…3、be+形容词+介词bea孝ngrywith对（某人）发脾气beableto能；会beamazedat对...感到惊讶beinterestedin对…感兴趣beafraidof害怕beexcitedabout对...感到兴奋

befilledwith用…充满befullof充满…的begoodat/dowellinbefilledwith用…充满befullof充满…的begoodat/dowellin在...做得好4、动词+名词/代词begone\'spardon请原谅；对不起domorningexercises做早操doone\'shomework做作业enjoyoneself过得快乐；玩得愉快giveaconcert开音乐会goboating去划船gofishing去钓鱼gohiking去徒步旅行goskating去滑冰goshopping（去）买东西haveacold（患）感冒5、动词+名词/代词/副词+介词catchupwith赶上comeupwith找到；提出getonwellwith与...相处融洽givebirthto生（孩子）6、其他类型beawake醒着的doone,sbest尽最大努力学习必备_ _欢迎下载belatefor迟到bemadein在…生产或制造bemadeof由...组成；由...构成haveacough（患）咳嗽haveaheadache（患）头痛haveatry尝试；努力havealook看一看havearest休息haveaseat/takeaseat就坐；坐下havesports进行体育活动havesupper吃晚餐hearof听说holdasportsmeeting举行运动会makeadecision作出决定helponeselfto自取；随便吃makeroomfor给…腾出地方playajokeon戏弄人；恶作剧speakhighlyof称赞bepleasedwith对…感到满意beproudof以…自豪（高兴）beusedfor/to/as用于makeamistake犯错误makeanoise吵闹makefaces做鬼脸makefriends交朋友makemoney赚钱takeone,splace代替某人的职务teachoneself/learnbyoneself自学takephotos照相taketime花费（时间）taketurns轮流watchTV看电视saygoodbyeto告别；告辞takeanactivepartin积极参加takecareof照顾；照料；注意goondoing（sth.）继续做某事；尽力gostraightalong沿着…一直往前走keepdoingsth.一直做某事makeupone\'smind下决心beborn出生bebusydoing忙着做… cometrue实现fallasleep睡觉；入睡gohome回家getmarried结婚gettogether相聚hadbetter（do）最好（做 ）makesure确保；确认；查明2014年九年级英语动词、时态、语态复习专项训练班级姓名得分、单项选择：学习必备_ _欢迎下载1、WhenIherinthehall,shewasplayingthepiano.A.seeB.sawC.willseeD.amseeing2、I,llgowithyouassoonasImywork.A.willfinishB.finishedC.finishD.wouldfinish3、HewilldobetterinEnglishifheharder.A.illworkB.worksC.workingD.work4、Sincehecameherelastyear,wehappy.A.areB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.were5、Petertheworkinaweek.A.havefinishedB.finishesC.isfinishingD.willfinish6、openthewindow.A.WillyoupleaseB.PleasewillyouC.YoupleaseD.Please7、Thesebooksinthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.hadkeptC.havebeenkeptD.werekept8、Manysheepeatinggrass.A.isB.are C.wasD.were9、Icomeheretonight?No,youneedn,t.A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Shall10、TheGreenfamilyLondonfornearlytwoyears.Theyallmisstheirhometownverymuch.A.leftB.willleaveC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom11、Hergrandparentsfortenyears.A.diedB.havediedC.weredeadD.havebeendead12、You,dbettertoseethedoctor.A.togoB.goC.went D.going13、Myfatherenjoystolightmusic.A.listensB.tolistenC.listening D.listened14、Whenyouthemuseum?A.wouldvisitB.didvisitC.havevisitD.hadvisited15、Hetoldthemonwiththework.A.togo B.going C.go D.went16.yougetupeverymorning?A.WhenB.WhendoC.DowhenD.WhenisIfittomorrow,we,llgototheGrateWall.A.isn,train B.won,train C.doesn,train D.willrain.NextweekthemanJapan.A.leaveB.willleavingCc.areleavingD.leaves.Hehimselfatthepartylastnight.A.enjoysBb.enjoyedCc.enjoyDd.enjoying.Wehaveagoodtimeyesterday.A.wasn,t Bb.didn,tC.doesn,tDd.don't.hegotherelastweek.A.DoesB.DidC.WillD.Is.Look,Aliceoutside.A.playsB.playC.isplayingD.playing.Theynow.A.don,twriting B.aren,twriting C.aren,twriteD.arewrote学习必备_ _欢迎下载.theyplayingtennisnow?A.DoB.IsC.DoesD.Are.Whatattenlastnight?A.wereyoudoing B.areyoudoingC.didyoudo D.doyoudo26.ItwhenIgotoffthebus.A.wassnowingB.snowsC.snowedD.snow27.youpleaseopenthewindows?A.ShallB.WillC.IsD.Do28.Iwonderifhecomethenextday.A.willB.wouldC.isgoingD.wasgoingIinBeijingsince1956.A.willliveB.liveC.lived D.havelived.HowlongyouEnglish?A.is,studyingB.have,studied C.do,study D.will,study.---HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?---Yes,wehave---Whenyouthere? ---Lastmonth.A.have,goneB.did,goC.will,goD.is,going32.HefromBeijingforthreeyears.A.hasbeenawayB.hasgoneC.hasleftD.hascome33.HowmanytimeshetheGreatWall?A.has,gonetoB.has,beenC.has,beeninD.has,beento34.Bysixo,clock,Imyhomeworkyesterday.A.havefinishedB.hadfinishedC.finishedD.finish二、用动词的适当形式填空：1、I,llgivethebooktohimassoonasheback(come).2、thebabycryingyet?(stop)3、Idon,tknowwhetherMothermetoBeijingnextmonth.(take)4、Sheonhercoatandwentout.(put)5.“Whataretheydoing?”“Theyreadyforthesportsmeeting.”(get)6、Theboyaskedhismother himgoandplaybasketball.(let)7、I,msorrytokeepyouforalongtime.(wait)8、It(take)himhalfanhour(finish)hishomeworkyesterday.9、Ifitaninterestingfilm,we,llseeittomorrow.(be)10、Theyusually(do)theirhomeworkaftersupper.11、Listen!Who(sing)inthenextroomnow?12、(be)yourparentsinShanghailastyear?13、Mr.Yu(teach)usmathssince1982.14、TheywillhaveatriptotheGreatWallifit(notrain)tomorrow.15、LiMingoften(listen)totheradiointhemorning.16、Tan：“Father,mayIgooutandplayfootball?”Father：“you(do)yourhomework?”17、Allthepeopleareglad(hear)aconcertthisSaturdayevening.18.Teachertoldusifit(notsnow)wewouldvisittheMuseumthenextday.19、Theyoften(play)footballintheafternoon.20、---WhafreyoudoingDad? 1(mend)theradio.学习必备_ _欢迎下载21、Let,s(carry)theboxestothehouse.22.Yesterdayshe_(want)toseethefilm,butshecouldn,t(get)aticket.23、I(write)toyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.24、Mike(visit)severalplacessincehecametoBeijing.25、He(write)fourletterstohiswifeeverymonth.26、Don,tmakeanynoise,Grandma(sleep).27、Hisaunt(do)somecookingwhenhecamein.28、Whenthey(reach)thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.29、There(be)ameetingnextMonday.30、We(know)eachothersinceourboyhood.(少年时代)31、Sometimesmyfather(come)backhomelate.32、They(have)anEnglisheveningnextweek.33、I,mveryglad(hear)that.34、WeiFangisn,there.She(go)tothereading-room.35、Thestory(happen)longago.36、They(visit)theHistoryMuseumlastweek.37、ZhangHong(make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.38、She(go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrowevening.39、Stayhere,bag.Don'tgoout.It(rain)now.40、LiPing(write)acompositioneveryweek.41、Thescientist(give)usatalkyesterday.42、Myparents(live)inBeijingsince1949.43、Look!Theyoungworker(show)thestudentsaroundthefactory.44、They(build)anewbridgeovertherivernextyear.45、Thestudents(clean)theirclassroomtomorrow.46、Myfatherisverybusy.Heoften(come)homelate.47、Ourteacher(join)thepartytwentyyearsago.48、Theboys(have)abasketballmatchnow.Let,s(go).49、She(work)inthisfactoryfortenyears.50.“Whatmakesyou(think)I,mafarmer?”theFrenchmanasked.51、It,snoteasy(catch)fishwithyourhandsonly.52、Haveyoufinished(read)thisbook?53、It(snow)hardnow.You,dbetter(stay)athome.54、Ittakeshimhalfanhour(go)toworkbybus.55、Hurryuporwe(be)lateforclass.56、LiPingusually(watch)TVaftersupper.57、Idon,tknowhow(answer)thisquestion.58、"you(hear)fromyourunclerecently?”59、“Yes,Ijust(get)aletterfromhim.”60、Whynot(go)thereonfoot?61、Idon,tthinkthatit(rain)tomorrow.62、Willyouplease(come)here