高中英语人教版1Greatscientists 单元综合测评

单元综合测评(一)(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共10小题；每小题分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AAnewstudyhasclaimedthatmenreallyaremoreintelligentthanstudyconcludedthatmen'sIQsarealmostfourpointshigherthanwomen's.British­bornresearcherJohnPhilippeRustonsaysthefindingcouldexplainwhysofewwomenmakeittothetopintheworkplace.Heclaimsthe“glassceiling”phenomenonisprobablyduetoinferior(较差的)intelligence，ratherthandiscriminationorlackofopportunity.TheUniversityofWesternOntariopsychologist(心理学家)reachedhisconclusionafterscrutinizingtheresultsofuniversityteststakenby100，000studentsaged17and18ofbothsexes.Afocusonthefactorssuchastheabilitytoquicklygraspofacomplexconcept，verbalreasoningskillsandcreativity－someofthekeyfactorsofintelligence－showedthatthemaleteenagershadIQsthatwereanaverageofpointsaveragepersonhasanIQofaround100.Thefindings，whichheldtrueforallclassesandlevelsofparentaleducation，overturn(推翻)a100­yearconclusionthatmenandwomenaveragethesameingeneralmentalalsoconflictwithevidencethatgirlsdobetterinschoolexamsthanboys.ButProfessorRustonarguesthatthefastermaturingofgirlsleadstothemperformingbetterthanboysintheclassroom.【语篇解读】最新科研成果表明，男性比女性智商高。1．Thereportismainlyabout．A．astudythatshowsmenareclevererthanwomenB．the“glassceiling”phenomenonC．ProfessorRuston'stheoryofIQD．thedifferencebetweenthemaleandfemale【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句话即点明中心，介绍一项研究成果——男性比女性智商高。【答案】A2．Theunderlinedword“scrutinizing”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans．A．makingup B．carryingoutC．examiningcarefully D．lookingat【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，得出结论应该是在“仔细研究”试验结果之后。【答案】C3．WecaninferthattheaveragewomanhasanIQof．A．alittlelessthan100 B．100C．morethan100 D．【解析】推理判断题。文章第五段提到男性的平均智商比女性高，而人的平均智商约为100。那么可推断出，女性的平均智商应略低于100。【答案】ABYawningissocontagious(具有传染性的)thatchimpanzeescan“catch”itfromcartoons，accordingtoresearch.ScientistsfromEmoryUniversityinAtlanta，theUS，havediscoveredthatacartoonofayawningchimpwillstimulate(刺激)realchimpstodescribeintheRoyalSocietyjournal，ProceedingsB，howthiscouldassistinthefuturestudyofempathy(同感，共鸣)．Theworkcouldalsohelpexplainitandhowcomputergamesmightcausechildrentoimitatewhattheyseeonscreen.Previousstudieshavealreadyshown，contagiousyawninginchimpanzees­stimulatedbyvideo­recordedfootageofyawns.“Wewantedtoexpandonthat，”explainedMatthewCampbell，aresearcherfromEmoryUniversity'sYerkesNationalPrimateResearchCenterandleadauthorofthestudy.“We'reinterestedinusingcartoonsforpresentingstimulitoanimals，becausewecancontrolallthefeaturesofwhatweshowthem，”hecontinued.AlthoughDrCampbelldoesn'tthinkthechimpswere“fooled”bythecartoonsintothinkingtheywerelookingatrealchimps，heexplainedthattherewasevidencethatchimpanzees“processanimated(动画的)facesthesamewaytheyprocessphotographsoffaces”．Hesaid，“It'snotarealchimpanzee，butthiskindoflookslikeachimpanzee，andtheyrespondtothat.”Heandhisteam，includingDevynCarterwhodesignedthecartoons，showedtheanimalstheyawningsequences.“Wealsohadthecartoonsdoingothermovementswiththeirmouthsthatthechimpsoftendo，”hesaid.“Thechimpsshowedalotmoreyawningduringtheyawnvideowhenthecontrolvideoswereplaying.”HetoldBBCNewsthattheonlywayheandhiscolleaguescouldexplainthe“verystrongdifference”theysawwasthatseeingtheyawnsmadetheanimalsyawn.【语篇解读】研究表明，黑猩猩会模仿动画片中黑猩猩的打哈欠动作，如果能充分利用黑猩猩的这种模仿能力，人类对动物行为的控制将取得重大突破。4．Accordingtothepassage，thescientistshavefoundthat．A．yawningisacontagiousfacialexpressionamongchimpsB．chimpswillimitateacartoonchimpwhoisyawningC．chimpsareabletounderstandcartoonsverywellD．chimpslikewatchingcartoonsverymuch【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知黑猩猩看到动画片中打哈欠的黑猩猩时，会进行模仿。【答案】B5．Accordingtothepassage，wecanlearnthat．A．yawningonbothcartoonvideosandpicturescanmakechimpsyawnB．DevynCarterledthestudyaboutcontagiousyawningC．childrenwillalsobestimulatedtoyawnbythevideosofchimpsD．peoplecancontrolallthefeaturesofanimalsthroughcartoons【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段后半部分中的内容可知无论是动画片中还是图片中的打哈欠动作都可以让黑猩猩打哈欠。【答案】A6．Bystudyingtheactionofchimps，thescientistshopeto．A．teachthemmorebodylanguageofhumanbeingsB．learnhowchimpsusetheirbrainstostudyC．controltheactionsandbehaviorsofanimalsD．createmorecharmingcartooncharacters【解析】推理判断题。黑猩猩看到动画片中打哈欠的黑猩猩后会进行模仿，第四段的后半部分提到科学家可以控制所有的播放内容，由此可推断科学家希望通过研究黑猩猩的模仿行为来控制动物的行为和举止。【答案】C7．Thepassageismainlytalkingabout．A．aseriousresearchaboutchimps'bodylanguageB．thosecontagiousgesturesofanimalsC．whychildrenimitatewhattheyseeonTVD．astudyaboutchimps'abilityofimitating【解析】主旨大意题。本文是一篇研究报道，第一段是文章的中心段，根据该段内容可知文章是关于黑猩猩模仿能力的一项研究。【答案】DCBillGates，thebillionaireMicrosoftchairmanwithoutasingleuniversitydegree，isbyhissuccessraisingnewdoubtsabouttheworthofthebusinessworld'sfavoriteacademictitle：theMBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration)．TheMBA，a20thcenturyproduct，alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreedonthetree­linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.Butevenwiththerecessionapparentlycuttingdownthehiringofbusinessschoolgraduates，about79，000peoplewereexpectedtoreceiveMBAsinwasnearly16timesthenumberofbusinessgraduatesin1960.“Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworld，itisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone，”saidDonaldMorrison，professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.“Butinthelastfiveyearsorso，whensomeonesays，‘ShouldIattempttogetanMBA？’，theansweris‘Itdepends.’”ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon­MBAs，suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal­MartStoresInc.，hashelpedinspireself­consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetaught.HarvardBusinessReviewprintedalively，fictionalexchangeofletterstodramatizecomplaintsaboutbusinessdegreearticlecalledMBAhires“extremelydisappointing”andsaid“MBAswanttomoveuptoofast；theydon'tunderstandpoliticsandpeople，andtheyaren'tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdbythen，they'reoutlookingforotherjobs.”Theproblem，mostparticipantsinthedebateacknowledge，isthattheMBAhasacquiredanaura(气氛)offuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.BusinesspeoplewhohavehiredorworkedwithMBAssaythosewiththedegreesoftenknowhowtoanalyzesystemsbutarenotsoskillfulatmotivatingpeople.【语篇解读】工商管理硕士学位是否值得拥有？本文主要以世界商业巨头比尔·盖茨和很多成功人士都没有这一学位为例，对此提出质疑。8．ItseemsthattheargumentoverthevalueofMBAdegreesisfueledmainlyby．A．thecomplaintsfrommanyemployersB．thesuccessofmanynon­MBAsC．thecriticismfromthescientistsofpurerdisciplinesD．thepoorperformanceofMBAsatwork【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon­MBAs，suchasthelate...hashelpedinspireself­consciousdebates”可知B项正确。【答案】B9．WhatisthemajorweaknessofMBAholdersaccordingtotheHarvardBusinessReview?A．Theyareusuallyself­centered.B．Theyareaggressiveandgreedy.C．Theykeepcomplainingabouttheirjobs.D．Theyarenotgoodatdealingwithpoliticsandpeople.【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段第二句中的“MBAswanttomoveuptoofast，theydon'tunderstandpoliticsandpeople，andtheyaren'tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdyear.”可知，他们不理解政治和人际交往，不能处理好团队协作，故D项正确。【答案】D10．FromthepassageweknowthatmostMBAs.A．canclimbthecorporateladderfairlyquicklyB．quittheirjobsoncetheyarefamiliarwiththeirworkmatesC．receivesalariesthatdonotmatchtheirprofessionaltrainingD．cherishunrealisticexpectationsabouttheirfuture【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“...theMBAhasacquiredanaura(气氛)offuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.”可知D项正确。【答案】DⅡ.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Childreninkindergartenshavealotofchancestointeract(互动)withotherchildrenattheiryourchildisnotinit，itcanbefunandhelpfultocreatechancestoplaywitharesomethingsyoucandotosupportyourchild'searlypartnerrelationship.Scheduleregularplaymates.Startwhenyourchildisaroundoneyearofage，setasideafewtimesaweekforplaytimewithpartners.11Evenso，youstillmightwanttogiveyourbabyachanceobserveandinteractwithchildrenwhoareatthesamedevelopmentallevel.Joinaplaygroup.12Thiscanbeagreatwayforyourchildtointeractwithherpartners，andlearntofeelcomfortableinanewanaddedbenefit，whileyourchildplays，youcantalkwithotherparentswhohavechildrenthesameageasyourown.13Youcanorganizeaplaygroundinyourownmayinvolvejustoneotherchild，orasmanyasthreeorfour.14Remember：safetyfirst.Offerguidancewhenneeded.Ifyouseeachildplayinginawaythatmighthurtanother，certainlyyouneedtohelpherfindasaferwaytohavefun.15Butrememberthatsomechildrenneedtowatchforawhilebeforetheyfeelcomfortablejoiningin－encourageeveryonetojointhefun，butdon'tpush.A．Makeyourhomesafeforplay.B．Makesurethereisanopenclassroomyoucanuse.C．You'llneedasafespacethathasbeencarefullychildproofed.D．Itisalsonecessarytohelpachildwhodoesnotknowhowtogetstarted.E．Manycommunitieshaveorganizedplaygroupsforyoungchildren.F．Itisenoughtohaveafewinterestingandsafetoystohelpeveryonefeelcomfortable.G．Ifyouhaveolderchildren，ofcourse，theywilldoalotofplayingwithyouryoungerones.【答案】11～15GEACDⅢ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Myearsarerecentlyfullofjoyousremarksfrommyfriendssuchas，“Oh，Beckhamissohandsome，socool，thatIcan'thelpfallinginlovewithhim！”or“whatperfectskillshehas！”Yeah，Iagree16somedegree，thoughIsometimesdowanttoaskthemhowmuchthey17Beckham，apartfromhisappearanceandhowmuchtheyknowaboutfootball18scoringseemsfunnythatwearecrazyforthings，withwhichweareunfamiliaror19weareuncertain，butweall，myfriends20I，considerthis21．Weneedthesepleasurestobrightenupourthatdoesn'tamounttocraziness22nonsense(胡闹)．Asanoldsaying23：“Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.”Weshouldnot24anythingfromitsshouldallknow，itisone'sgoodcharacterandgreatcontributionthat25oneastarandwe'dbettersay26aboutBeckham'sgoodlooks.Ifwecloseoureyes，27indeepthought，wecanfindthatthethings28ustobeintruthhappy，sadormoved29aclearwedon'tgodeeperandjustsatisfiedwithsuperficial(表面的)things，30wewillfindthatwehavenotreallygainedanything31ourfirstimpressionhasblindedandmisledus，andwe'llremainignorant(愚昧无知的)32werealizethatandmakesomechanges.Itisbelievedthatthinkingandgoingdeeperthanbeforeissignofgreat33．Ifonedaywearewillingtogodeeperintoeverything，nomatterhowmuchit34us，wewillfinallyprovehowmuchwehavegrownup，howmuchmoresensible(明智的)，mature，andintelligentwehave35．【语篇解读】本文是一篇具有一定哲理和教育意义的、夹叙夹议的议论文。16． B．onC．in D．at【解析】介词的固定搭配，“在某种程度上”。【答案】A17．from B．learnC．know D．knowabout【解析】knowabout“了解”从下文中也能找到相同的短语。【答案】D18．than B．exceptforC．except D．apartfrom【解析】apartfrom“除……外，还有……”，具有“附加性质”。其他选项具有“排他性质”。从上文中也能找到相同的短语。【答案】D19．which B．aboutthatC．aboutwhich D．which【解析】此题为“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句，about与beuncertain搭配。【答案】C20． B．aswellasC．ratherthan D．but【解析】从上文中的weall判断，“不仅仅是我，还有我的朋友”。【答案】B21．oflife'spleasures B．pleasuresoflifeC．oneoflife'ssorrow D．oneoflife'sregrets【解析】从结构上判断，此句含有宾语和宾补结构，宾语为this，后用单数。从下文的意义上判断，为“生活中的乐趣之一”。【答案】A22． B．andC．or D．orelse【解析】否定句中用or连接。“不要达到疯狂和胡闹的程度”。【答案】C23． B．talksC．tells D．goes【解析】“正如俗语所说的”，此四个选项都有“说”之意，然而它们都有自己的搭配，“说语言，演讲”；“交谈”；“告诉”；如用says是正确的，此题中的goes与says同义。【答案】D24． B．judgeC．accept D．conclude【解析】judge...by...或judge...from...“根据……判断”，从上句中能找到相同的意义。【答案】B25． B．causesC．builds D．creates【解析】“是一个人好的品德和贡献才使其成为明星”。make之后接复合宾语。【答案】A26． B．muchC．worse D．less【解析】从上下文意义上判断，“在外貌上要少说”。【答案】D27.A．fell B．fallenC．falling D．fall【解析】从句子结构上分析，用现在分词形式作伴随状语。【答案】C28．move B．thatmovesC．move D．moves【解析】从句子结构上分析，此处为定语从句，that代替先行词things，所以谓语用复数形式，关系代词在从句中作主语，that不能省略。【答案】A29． B．haveC．include D．cover【解析】此句的句子结构较复杂，主语是前面的thethings，此题要填谓语动词，由于主语和谓语之间有一个定语从句，造成了句子的复杂性，意义为“……有明确的意义”。【答案】B30．fact B．indeedC．inawhile D．soonerorlater【解析】从意义上判断，“如果我们不注重内含，满足表面的东西，迟早会发现我们将一无所获”。【答案】D31． B．eventhoughC．because D．although【解析】从句子的连接上分析有“因果”关系。【答案】C32．if B．althoughC．unless D．if【解析】从意义上判断，“除非我们意识到这点并做某些改变，否则的话……”。【答案】C33． B．progressC．effort D．work【解析】从意义上判断，“更注重内涵是一个人进步(成熟)的象征”。【答案】B34． B．painsC．worries D．minds【解析】pains在此为及物动词，意为“费(苦)心”，这种意义与上下文是相通的。【答案】B35． B．madeC．had D．become【解析】根据句子结构判断，应该用系动词。【答案】DⅣ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2023·全国卷Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)36.(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven37.mostmodernofarchitectsandadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir38.(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout39.(use)electricmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat40.(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingtheanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough41.(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；42.thesametime，theywarmupagainforthecycle43.(go)dayafterday：Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutside44.(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly45.thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人修建的土坯房，这些房子白天吸收热量，晚上释放热量，从而使得房间内的温度适宜。这些房子让现在的建筑师和工程师都赞叹不已。36．built考查过去分词用法。由谓语动词areadmired可知此处填非谓语动词，adobedwellings与build是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。37．the考查冠词用法。根据句意可知此处为形容词最高级，故应该在most前加the。38．ability考查词性转换之形容词变为名词。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。39．using考查动名词用法。由空格前的介词without可知空格处应该使用动名词形式。40．slowly考查副词用法。根据空格前的giveoutthatheat可知，这里应使用副词修饰动词短语，指缓慢地(slowly)释放白天吸收的热量。41．tocool考查动词不定式用法。be＋adj.＋enough＋todosth.是固定结构，意为“足够……，能够做某事”。结合空格前的coldenough可知后面应使用动词不定式。42．at考查介词用法。atthesametime意为“同时”，是一个固定词组。43．goes考查时态。此处指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去。这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时。44．natural考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。结合空格后的architects可知应该用形容词作定语，修饰名词，因此填natural。45．how考查连词用法及理解语境的能力。空格后面的thick是一个形容词，填how引导宾语从句，从句作figuredout的宾语。Ⅴ.完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)46．在秋天，北京既不太热又不太冷。Inautumn，it'sneithertoohotnortoocoldinBeijing.47．天气这么好，我们都想出去走走。Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogooutforawalk.48．除了几个拼写错误，作文相当不错。Apartfromsomespellingmistakes，thecompositionisfairlygood.49．你认为他提出的建议如何？Whatdoyouthinkofthesuggestionhehasputforward?50．每看到这张照片，我都会想起我的童年。EverytimeIlookatthepicture，Ialwaysthinkofmychildhood.51．无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通