《金版学案》2016届高考英语北师大版一轮复习课件：Unit 19 Language

高考总复习英语(北师大版)模块7•Unit19Language

基础再现

考点整合

语法专题

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题型突破栏目链接Ⅰ.写出下列必考单词基础再现识记类词汇1．thrill(vt.&vi.)____________2．liberty(n.)____________3．royal(adj.)____________4．accuracy(n.)____________5．fluency(n.)____________6．decade(n.)____________使激动、颤动自由尊贵的，皇家的准确，精确流利度，流畅度十年基础再现7．trend(n.)____________8．attain(vt.)____________9．surround(vt.)____________10．adequate(adj.)____________11．medium(n.)____________12．accelerate(vt.&vi.)____________倾向达到；获得包围足够的，充分的媒体加速基础再现表达运用类词汇1．冒犯，得罪(n.)____________2．相似，类似(vt.)____________3．没有知觉的(adj.)____________4．申请者(n.)____________5．能力；技能(n.)____________6．注册(vt.)____________7．候选人(n.)____________offenceresembleunconsciousapplicantcompetenceregistercandidate基础再现8．束紧(vt.)____________9．规则(n.)____________10．使窘迫(vt.)____________11．守时的(adj.)____________12．真诚地，认真地(adv.)____________fastenregulationembarrasspunctualsincerelyⅡ.写出下列单词的变化形式基础再现1．流利度；流畅度(n.)____________流利的；流畅的(adj.)____________流利地(adv.)____________2．精确度，准确度(n.)____________精确的，准确的(adj.)____________精确地(adv.)____________fluencyfluentfluentlyaccuracyaccurateaccurately基础再现3．不存在；缺乏(n.)____________缺席的；茫然的(adj.)____________4．足够的，充分的(adj.)____________足够(n.)____________足够地(adv.)____________5．调节，调整(vt.)____________调节，调整(n.)____________6．告知，通知(vt.)____________通知；消息，情报(n.)____________absenceabsentadequateadequacyadequatelyadjustadjustmentinforminformation基础再现7．谈判，协商(vt.)____________谈判，协商(n.)____________8．赞成，赞许(n.)____________赞成(vt.)____________9．申请人(n.)____________申请(vt.&vi.)____________申请(n.)____________10．规则(n.)____________管理；使遵守规章(vt.)____________negotiatenegotiationapprovalapproveapplicantapplyapplicationregulationregulate基础再现活学活用用所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。1．Yesterdayhewas________atthemeeting，andhis________madethechairmanveryangry.(absence)2．Thesedesksneed________，sohe________themtotheheightofanychild.(adjust)3．Thegirlis________inFrench.WhenshespokeFrench________intheparty，her________surprisedeveryone.(fluency)absentabsenceadjustmentadjustedfluentfluentlyfluency基础再现4．He__________usimmediatelyassoonashegotthe________．(inform)5．Thetwocountrieshadto________aboutthelittleisland，butaftertwodays'________，theydidn'treachanyagreement.(negotiate)6．Weshouldobeytraffic_____________inorderto________ourlife.(regulation)7．Hesaidhe________describedwhathadhappenedthere.ButIdoubtthe__________ofhisstatement.Afterall，heisnotapersonwhois________inhiswords.(accuracy)informedinformationnegotiatenegotiationregulationsregulateaccuratelyaccuracyaccurate基础再现8．Idon't________ofhisactionsandI________yoursuggestionthatheremovethebadhabitofsmoking.(approval)9．The________senthis____________tothecluband________formembership.(applicant)10．Theoldmanlikestobeingood____________，wherehe________himselfwithyoungpeople.(surround)approveapproveapplicantapplicationappliedsurroundingssurroundⅢ.短语熟记基础再现翻译下列必背短语1．取得进步____________2．不管，任凭____________3．假如____________4．朝……方向____________5．故意地____________6．处于……的状态____________makeprogressregardlessofprovidedthatinthedirectionofonpurposeinthestateof基础再现7．调整……以适应……____________8．简单地说____________9．学会____________10．以……的形式出现____________adjust...to...toputitsimplycatchontaketheformof活学活用基础再现根据括号中的解释，从课文中找出恰当的短语完成下列句子。1．Youshouldnotbelievewhathesaid，hedidit___________(bydesign)．2．Themanwasfoundto_________________(berelatedto)thecaraccident.3．TrustmeandI'msureto________(makeit)．4．Theoldmanhasn'theardfromhisson________(foryears)．onpurposebeassociatedwithgetaheadforages基础再现5．Ourclass________(ismadeupof)25boysand27girls.6．_______________(inspiteof)manydifficulties，theyfinishedthehardworkatlast.7．________(Iamsure)thatourteamwillbeattheirs.8．Water________________(existintheformof)liquid.consistsofRegardlessofIbettakestheformof

Ⅳ.语篇学习基础再现ⅰ.课文内容语法填空阅读课文，然后按照课文内容在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式完成下面短文。Asexpected，Englishisnowbecomingthegloballanguage1.________thegrowinginternationalcompaniesandthegreatadvancesin2._______________(communicate)．withcommunications基础再现BeingabletospeakEnglishasaforeignlanguage3.________(make)youstandoutandgetahead.4.________，itisdifficulttolearnEnglishwellintheabsenceofanativelanguageenvironment.5.________peoplehaverealizedthatthebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguageis6._______________(surround)byit，thechances7.________thelanguagelearnersliveinthenativecountryaresmall.Thus，togetherwiththeteacherseffortstoenrichthelanguageenvironment，theexpertsalsogivesixrecommendationstohelpusgetaheadwithourEnglishbesides8.________stayingdedicated:settingachievabletargets;makesHoweverAlthoughtobesurroundedthatour基础再现listeningtoEnglishsongs;reading9.________Englishnewspaperornewswebsite；watchingEnglishDVDs;studyingwithyourfriendsandrewarding10.________．anyourself基础再现ⅱ.话题作文翻译与背诵上周，我们学校的学生会就“我们是否要学习英语”在全校展开了调查。结果表明，大多数同学表示赞成，因为他们认为学好英语是现代社会对人们的要求之一，而且对日后的就业非常有帮助。然而，有些同学却表示反对，他们说学习英语没用，是浪费精力。更糟糕的是，他们感到学英语是一种负担。依我看，我们应该学好英语，因为精通英语意味着将来有更多的机会。基础再现___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lastweek,theStudents'UnioninourschoolconductedasurveyamongallthestudentsonwhetherweshouldlearnEnglish.Asthesurveyshows,mostofthestudentssayyes,fortheythinklearningEnglishisoneofthedemandsofmodernsocietyandwilldogoodtoourfuturecareer.However,othersareagainsttheidea,sayingthatlearningEnglishisuselessandisawasteofenergy.What'sworse,theytakelearningEnglishasaburden.Asforme，IthinkhavingagoodcommandofEnglishmeansmoreopportunitiesinthefuture.

基础再现

考点整合

语法专题

写作导航

题型突破栏目链接Ⅰ.重点单词考点整合1．absencen．缺席；不在(某处)归纳拓展考点整合absentadj.＝notpresent不在场的，缺席的in/duringone'sabsence某人不在的时候intheabsenceof...在(人)不在的时候；在(物)缺乏时absencefromwork(school)缺勤(课)考点整合完成下列句子。(1)我不在的时候，请帮我照看房子。Pleaselookaftermyhouse____________________________________________.(2)这个决定是我不在的时候做出的。Thedecision____________________________．(3)他没有参加昨天的会议。__________________________yesterday'smeeting.即学即练duringmyabsencewasmadeinmyabsenceHewasabsentfrom考点整合2．surroundvt.包围，围绕；与……紧密相关归纳拓展考点整合surroundingadj.周围的n．环境(常用复数)surroundsb./sth.(withsb./sth.)围住某人/某物(尤指使之无法脱逃)surroundsth./sb.(by/withsth.)包围或环绕某人/某物(常用于被动语态)surroundoneselfwith喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西)考点整合完成下列句子。(1)他们出动军队包围了这个镇。Theyhave____________thetownwithtroops.(2)池塘四周绿树环绕。Trees____________thepond.(3)房子的四周有高墙。Thehouse______________________highwalls.即学即练surroundedsurroundwassurroundedby考点整合(4)新计划备受猜疑。Thenewplan________________muchspeculation.issurroundedby考点整合3．guaranteevt.保证，担保n.保证(金)；担保；抵押品归纳拓展考点整合guaranteesth.担保……guaranteesb.sth.保证某人某事guaranteetodosth.保证做……guarantee＋that－clause保证……guaranteesb./sth.from/against...保证……不……underguarantee在保修期内givesb.aguarantee(that)向某人保证……考点整合完成下列句子。(1)如果你和我们旅行，我能保证你玩得开心。Ican______________________ifyoujoinourjourney.(2)我们会保证公司不受损失。We'll__________thecompany________loss.(3)我的车还在保修期内，所以我能免费让人修理。Mycarisstill________________soIcangetitfixedfreeofcharge.即学即练guaranteeyouagoodtimeguaranteeagainstunderguarantee考点整合(4)雾天我们不能担保火车准时到达。Wecan't____________________________oftrainsinfoggyweather.(5)他向我们保证此类事情绝不会再发生。He_____________________thatitwouldneverhappenagain.guaranteethepunctualarrivalgaveusaguarantee考点整合4．adjustvt.&vi.调整，调节；适应，习惯归纳拓展考点整合adjustmentn．调节，调整adjuststh.调整……adjustto适应……adjustoneselfto使自己适应于……考点整合选用上述单词或短语的适当形式完成下列短文。Atthebeginningofthenewterm，theteachertoldusthatourlearningplansshouldbe(1)________correctly(2)________thenewsituation，andthatallofusshould(3)____________________it.Weallaccepteditandmade(4)_____________．Soonwegotusedtothenewsituationandgotgoodmarks.即学即练adjustedtoadjustourselvestoadjustments考点整合5．informvt.告知，通知归纳拓展考点整合informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事informsb.that－clause通知某人……informsb.wh－clause告诉某人……informedadj.了解情况的，见多识广的keeprmedof(about)sth.让某人了解某事informationn．通知，信息，资讯考点整合完成下列句子。(1)我们将会另行通知你具体的时间。We'll____________________theexacttime.(2)他告诉我他将去欧洲出差。He______________________hewasgoingtoEurope________________．即学即练informyouofinformedmethatonbusiness考点整合(3)这个决定将通知所有直接相关的人。Allthosewhoareimmediatelyinvolvedwill____________________thedecision.beinformedof考点整合6．congratulatevt.祝贺，庆贺，恭喜归纳拓展考点整合congratulatesb.on(doing)sth.为某事向某人祝贺congratulationn．祝贺Congratulations！恭喜你！congratulationstosb.on(doing)sth.为某事向某人祝贺考点整合完成下列句子。(1)希望我是第一个祝你成功的人。I'dliketobethefirstto____________you________yoursuccess.(2)“我被北京大学录取了。”“恭喜你！”—IhavebeenadmittedintoBeijingUniversity.—________________！即学即练congratulateonCongratulations

7．attainv．达到，获得考点整合归纳拓展考点整合attainableadj.可以达到的，可以获得的attainmentn．达到，获得attainone'sgoal达到目的attainpower获得权力attaintoperfection达到完美的境地考点整合完成下列句子。(1)我们必须尽一切努力来达到我们的目标。Wehavetomakeeveryeffort_____________________________________________________.(2)他已经满14周岁但还不到15周岁。He____________________________of14butnottotheageof15.即学即练toattainourgoalhasattainedtotheage考点整合

8．embarrassvt.使(某人)觉得不自然、忸怩、尴尬或害羞；使(某人)不安或焦虑归纳拓展考点整合embarrassedadj.窘迫的embarrassingadj.令人窘迫的embarrassmentn．困窘；令人困窘的事考点整合完成下列句子。(1)我们经常因缺钱而窘迫。Weareoften_____________bylackofmoney.(2)他总是问一些令人困窘的问题。Heisalwaysaskingsome_______________questions.(3)公司面临着资金上的困难。Thecompanyisfacedwithfinancial________．即学即练embarrassedembarrassingembarrassmentsⅡ.重点短语考点整合1．getahead(使)走在前面；取得进步；获得成功归纳拓展考点整合getaheadofsb.领先某人getabout/around/round(消息、谣言等)传播；流传get(sth.)across(tosb.)(使某事)传播或为人理解getalongwithsb.与某人合得来，与某人和睦相处getsth.back失而复得，重新得到getoversth.克服，战胜；掌握getthrough用完；消耗掉；做成某事；接通电话get(sb.)through(sth.)帮助(某人)成功做某事考点整合完成下列句子。(1)后面那辆车想超过我们。Thecarbehindwantsto________________us.(2)他靠多做家庭作业很快在班上名列前茅。Bydoingextrahomework，hesoon______________hisclassmates.(3)我的工作已经有进展了。I've____________________withmywork.即学即练getaheadofgotaheadofgotahead考点整合2．catchon明白(后接介词to)；变得流行归纳拓展考点整合catchon(tosth.)理解；学会catchholdof抓住catchup(withsb./sth.)赶上catchsb.doingsth.发现某人做某事catchsightof看见catchone'sattention/eyes吸引某人考点整合选用上述短语的正确形式完成下列短文。Today，Tomwaswalkingalongthestreetandthesceneonthestreet(1)____________________．Butsuddenlyhe(2)________amanstealingsomethingfromanoldlady.Hewasangry，sohe(3)_______________thethiefand(4)________________him.Atlast，thethiefwassenttothepolicestation.即学即练caughthisattentioncaughtcaughtupwithcaughtholdof考点整合3．keepto(to是介词)遵守；坚持；待在某处；靠向；使不偏离；限制在(某话题、某范围内)归纳拓展考点整合keepback阻止；控制；隐瞒；扣留；延迟keepon继续keepupwith跟上，不落后keepawayfrom不靠近，远离keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsth.inmind记住某事keepintouchwith与……保持联系考点整合完成下列句子。(1)他总是坚守诺言。Healways____________________．(2)他仍坚持他最初的决定。Hestill____________________hisfirstresolution.即学即练keepstohispromiseskeepsto考点整合

(3)天气太糟糕了，大多数人都被迫待在家里。Theweatherissoterriblethatmostpeopleareforcedto______________thehouse.(4)在中国，车辆一般是靠右行驶的。InChina，trafficusually________________theright.keepstokeepto考点整合4．keepinmind将……牢记在心中归纳拓展考点整合havesb./sth.onone'smind＝haveone'smindonsb./sth.挂虑；担心bring/callsb.(sth.)tomind想起changeone'smind改变主意makeupone'smind下定决心readone'smind读懂某人的心思考点整合完成下列句子。(1)无论我们开始做什么，我们必须记住什么是正确的、重要的。Whateverwegetdowntodoing，wemust_______________whatisrightandimportant.(2)你的故事使我想起了多年前我的一次类似的经历。Yourstory________________asimilarexperienceIhadyearsago.即学即练keepinmindbringstomind考点整合(3)一旦他下定决心，没有人能使他改变主意。Oncehe____________________，noonecanmakehim________________．hasmadeuphismindchangehismind考点整合5．onpurpose有意地；故意地归纳拓展考点整合for/withthepurposeof为了……的目的tothepurpose中肯的；切题的onpurpose＝bydesign故意地byaccident偶然地考点整合完成下列句子。(1)你有时会偶然伤害自己，但你不会故意伤害自己。Yousometimeshurtyourself____________butyoudon'thurtyourself____________．(2)我不会只为买一双袜子而去购物。Iwouldn'tgoshopping_______________________buyingapairofsocks.即学即练byaccidentbydesign/onpurposefor/withthepurposeof考点整合(3)这答复一点也不中肯，所以不值得我们考虑。Thereplywassolittle________________thatitwasnotworthourconsideration.tothepurposeⅢ.重点句型考点整合1．Butsadly，thechancesthatwewillallhavetheopportunitytoliveinanEnglish－speakingcountryaresmall.(p.7)但很不幸的是，我们都将有机会生活在一个讲英语的国家的可能性是很小的。归纳拓展考点整合thechancesthat...are...“……的可能性是……”，其中that引导同位语从句，对chances进行补充说明。考点整合完成下列句子。(1)我们赢得比赛的可能性很大。________________thatwearegoingtowinthegamearebig.(2)我通过考试的希望很渺茫。Thechances______________________areremote.(3)他学习非常努力，考上重点大学的可能性很大。Asheworksveryhard，________________________________________________arehigh.即学即练ThechancesthatIwillpasstheexamthechancesthathewillbeadmittedtoakeyuniversity考点整合2．Somebodyjumpingforjoyiseasytoseewhilearaisedeyebrowconveyingdoubtiseasiertomiss.(p.10)某人高兴得手舞足蹈是容易被观察到的，而挑起眉毛表示怀疑却容易被人忽略。归纳拓展考点整合(1)句中jumpingforjoy与conveyingdoubt都为现在分词短语作后置定语，表示被修饰词(somebody与eyebrow)的状态。(2)句中while为并列连词，用于连接两个分句，表示前后句所说事情的相对或相反，译为“而……”。考点整合完成或翻译下列句子。(1)站在那边的那个男人是我们的新校长。Theman______________isournewheadmaster.(2)他喜欢看电影而我喜欢读书。Helikeswatchingfilms________Ilikereading.(3)任何想去参观长城的人都可以在此签名。________________________________________________________________________即学即练standingtherewhileAnyonehopingtovisittheGreatWallcansignyournamehere.考点整合(4)正在睡觉的男孩是在那边擦窗户的女士的儿子。_________________________________________________________________________________(5)点头表示同意而摇头表示不同意。________________________________________________________________________Thesleepingboyisthesonofthewomancleaningwindowsthere.Noddingone'sheadmeansagreementwhileshakingone'sheadmeansdisagreement.考点整合3．YousaythatthereisadiscountprovidedthatIpayinadvance.(p.12)你说如果我提前付钱的话就有折扣。归纳拓展考点整合

providedthat...“如果……的话，在……条件下”。provide的过去分词形式provided和现在分词形式providing均可作连词，用来引导条件从句，意为“如果……的话，在……条件下”。可直接引导从句，也可加上that，二者可互换，但在正式文体中常用provided。考点整合完成下列句子。(1)如果没有人反对，我们就在这里野餐。_____________________________________________________________，weshallhavethepicnichere.(2)如果你去上海，我就去。IwillgotoShanghai____________________．(3)他说可以把书借给你，前提是你把钱还给他。Hesaidhecouldlendyouthebook____________________________.即学即练Providedthatthereisnoobjection/Providedthatnobodyobjectsprovidedthatyougoprovidedthatyougavehimbackthemoney

基础再现

考点整合

语法专题

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题型突破栏目链接动词时态和语态填空——专项训练语法专题语境中的时态和语态具有灵活多变的特点，因此找出隐含于上下文中的时间信息，确定动作行为所发生的时间是解题的关键。做动词时态和语态填空题时，应注意以下几点：1．注意题干所提供的信息，如语境、情景以及说话人的情感。2．根据句中的时间状语以及一些副词判断时态。语法专题3．考虑时态的一致性。需特别注意短暂性动词与延续性动词这两个概念，短暂性动词用于进行时态和完成时态都要受到限制。4．根据语境考虑语态。专项训练语法专题Ⅰ.用所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空1．Astheyearspassed，manyoccasions－birthdays，awards，graduations____________(mark)withDad'sflowers.2．Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_____________(give)therighttochangebeforeleavingtheshop.3．Greatchanges______________(takeplace)inthecityandalotoffactories______________(setup)sincethenewplanstarted.weremarkedhavebeengivenhavetakenplacehavebeensetup语法专题4．Thepolicefoundthatthehouse__________________(breakinto)andalotofthings_________________(steal)．5．Theybelievedthatbyusingcomputerstheproductionoftheirfactory__________________(increase)．6．Theheadteachersaysthatallthepreparationsfortheparty_________________________(complete)byFriday.7．Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrowwhenacoldfrost____________(expect)toarrive.hadbeenbrokenintohavebeenstolenwouldbeincreasedwillhavebeencompletedisexpected语法专题8．Thecarelessdriveris________(blame)forthetrafficaccidentthat________(happen)yesterday.9．Flowersusually________(sell)wellonValentine'sDay，sotheirflowers________(sell)outinnotimethatday.10．IwantedtobuythatkindofclothbecauseI_______________(tell)thecloth________(wash)well.11．Thewater________(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.12．－Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?－Yes，Ihave.Iguessit________________(grade)now.toblamehappenedsellweresoldhavebeentoldwashesfeltisbeinggraded语法专题13．It________(say)thatheisasmartboy.14．Theworkneeds_________________________(complete)by6pm.15．Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdisease______________(reduce)greatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorevegetables.issaidcompleting/tobecompletedwillbereduced语法专题Ⅱ.语篇填空Whenhewasalittleboy，ChristopherCockerelloncewatchedhismotherturningthewheelofhersewing－machinewithherhand.“Wouldn'titworkquicklyifamachine1.________(turn)thewheelforyou？”heasked.“Isupposeitwould，”saidhismother，withoutpayinganyattentiontohim.turned语法专题Christopher2.________(know)shealwayshadalotofwork，andhewantedtohelp.Inhisbedroomtherewasatoysteam－enginewhichhisfather3.___________(buy)himasagift.“I4._____________(make)betteruseofit，”littleChristophersaidtohimself.So，whenhismother5.______________(notuse)hersewing－machine，hefixedthetoysteam－engineontoit.Whenthejob6.__________(finish)，hewasquitepleased，thinkinghismother7.__________(like)it.“Veryclever，”hismothersaidwhenshesawit.Thenshesatdownandwentonturningthewheelbyhand.“I8.__________________(work)likethisfortoomanyyears，”sheexplained.knewhadboughtwill/shallmakewasnotusingwasfinishedwouldlikehavebeenworking语法专题ThistaughtChristopherthelessonthatanyonewho9.________(try)toimproveanything10.________(have)tolearn：Manypeopledon'tlikenewideas.trieshas

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语法专题

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题型突破栏目链接书面表达分类训练（8）——说明文写作导航一、说明文写作写作导航说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。高考中，说明文常见的话题有产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、调查报告、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。二、应注意的问题写作导航1．首先要读题审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点，不可遗漏也不能随意添加信息。2．写作内容要条理清楚，层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较/对比法、分类法和因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等。罗列事物、数据的说明文应注意合理排序，优化结构。3．时态常用一般现在时，若是介绍其历史时，要用一般过去时；语态可能用到被动语态；若是介绍地点环境等，要善于运用therebe结构。专项训练写作导航说明文写作练习民工马明和王丽夫妇每月能挣1600元，他们有两个孩子。仔细阅读他们这个月的开支预算(budget)，然后用5个意思连贯的句子表达所有的信息。写作导航写作导航________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】MaMingandWangLi，whoseincomeisabout￥1，600everymonth，havetwochildren.Itcoststhem￥150torenttheirhouseandelectricityandgascostthem￥120.Theyhavetospendonly￥40onthetelephoneandpayabout￥160fortheirclothes.Theyneed￥100fortheirhealthcareand￥600fortheirfood.Theypay￥300ontheirchildren'sschoolingandtheinsuranceis￥80.Howhardtheirlifeis!

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语法专题

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题型突破栏目链接细节理解型阅读理解题型突破一、细节理解题常见题型题型突破细节信息内容包括人物、时间、地点、因果、条件、结论、数据、逻辑等，考试中常以下列形式考查：1．直观题。直观题可从文章的某个词语或某个句子理解得出答案。2．间接题。间接题需对文章内容进行概括、归纳、推理方可找出答案。3．排序题。选项给出一组乱序的内容，需根据文章内容细细梳理或用首尾排定顺序再得出答案。二、细节理解题干扰项特点题型突破1．答非所问。命题者设置的答案是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容。2．符合常识。选项符合常识，但不是文章内容或题干要求的内容。3．添枝加叶。命题者把原文的信息扩大或缩小，使选项内容超过文章的范围。4．捏造事实。命题者根据原文内容编造信息组成干扰项。题型突破5．偷梁换柱。命题者采用原文中的句子结构和大部分的词汇，但换置几个词曲解文章原意。6．因果等同。命题者故意把结果说成原因或把原因说成结果。专项训练题型突破阅读理解练习ImagineSallyandAnnehavingadrinkinabar.WhileSallyisinthebathroom，Annedecidestobuyanotherdrink，butshenoticesthatSallyhasleftherphoneonthetable.Anneputsthephoneintoherfriend'sbagbeforeheadingtothebarsothatnoonestealsit.WhenSallyreturns，wherewillsheexpecttoseeherphone?题型突破Ifyousaidshe'dlookatthetablewheresheleftit，congratulations!Youhavea“theoryofmind”—theabilitytounderstandthatanotherpersonmayhaveknowledge，ideasandbeliefsthatdifferfromyourown，orfromreality.Thisabilitymaynotseemspecialbutitinvolvesdoingsomethingnootheranimalcan:ignoringourownbeliefsabouttheworld—thatthephoneisinthebag—andtakeonanalternativeworldview.The“theoryofmind”wasfirstdevelopedinthe1970s，whenitwasdiscoveredthatataroundtheageoffour，childrendevelopthisability.Thestandardwaytotestachild's“theoryofmind”iscalledtheSally－Annetest.Itinvolvesactingouttheeventsdescribedearlier，onlywithpuppetsandamissingball.Whenasked，“WhenSallyreturns，wherewillshelookfortheball？”mostthree－year－oldssayshe'lllookinthenewspot，whereAnnehasplacedit.Thechildknowstheball'slocation，sotheycannotimaginethatSallywouldthinkitwasanywhereelse.题型突破Butaroundtheageoffour，thatchanges.Mostfourandfive－year－oldsrealizethatSallywillexpecttheballtobejustwheresheleftit.Forov