高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧

高考英语阅理解题解题巧对阅读理解能力的测试是高考英考试中必不可少的测试项目考学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力及通过材料的阅读对材料中信息的捕获能力英语阅读理解题的难度在不断增大生们也大多知难而进下面北新东方中小学一对一贺楠老师与大家分享解题技巧。一四一阅高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类：细节题、推理题大题、词义句意猜测题、结构顺序题。1、细节题解题技巧细节题名义是针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查可是将文章中的几个细通常是四个放一起要求考生判断是（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项对几个细节进行排序等解这类试题时一个常的方法就是运用定位法根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子选项进行比较从而确定答此要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧：（1）关信息定位法。这个主是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息还有人物姓名地点名词等等他还包括一些提示情节发展纲性关键字眼First，，Finally等等。AsayounggirlgrowingupintheIalwayswantedflya，butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforwomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreaminmyhusbandarrangedmetorideinahotairballoonformybirthday.（2011年高英语北京A）Whathappenedtoauthorin2011SheflewanairplaneSheenteredacompetitionShewentonahotairballoonrideShemovedintoaretirementcommunity解析：此题属典型细节题，通过题干中的时间in2011不难定位到文中粗体字部分，很容易可以锁定正解为C。（2）同定位法。英文中可以Paraphrase表。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。Helongsforconversationsaneditorwhowillhelpturnhisgoodideasintogreatones.Hewantstogetaboutwhathe'sdoingandtohelp1/himturnhisstoryideaupsidedowninsideoutexploringthebestwaystoreportit.Hewantstobemorevaluableforyourpaper.年高考英语北京B篇Whatdoesthereporterwantmostfromhiseditorsintheir？Findingthenewsvaluehisstories.Givinghimfinancialsupport.Helpinghimtofindissues.Improvinghisgood解析题属细节题方为义定位法中的talks文章中conversations对应，而wantmost和longs对应，这样不难得出答案为。小结在阅读中精快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质位是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的题的技巧也是可以总结的键要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力。2、推理题解题技巧推断题定义解文字面意思的基础上对篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。出现特征：在考题中经常出现的词有，implyindicate，conclude，learnfrom，probably，mostlikelyprove/according等SheupatthedoorstepofmyhouseinCornwall.NowaycouldIhavesentheraway.Noway，notmeanyway.Maybehadkickedheroutoftheircarthenightbefore.“We'removinghouse.'；“Nospaceforheranymorewiththebabycoming.”“Weneverreallywanted，butwhatcouldwe？Shewasa”Peoplefindsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.AndshewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadseen.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutGoldiewhentothe？（2010年高考英语北京A篇A.Shocked.B.Sympathetic.C.Annoyed.D.解析：由题目得知：是考察作者的态度题。首先定位到文章作者的话语和行为，即（1）NowaycouldIhavesentaway.No，meanyway.Weneverreallywantedher，couldwehavedonewasapresent.“Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.shewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadseen.可知作者对它是正的情感，排除，D.由作者对它的不舍，答案选B3、主旨大意题解题技巧型使逆推法要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何2/要注意题目是否过大或者过小要避免下列三种错误概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小）过度概括（多表现为扩大范围）以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。FederalregulatorsWednesdayatocreateanationwideemergencyalert（警）systemusingmessagesdeliveredtocellphones.messageshavebeenpopularinrecentyears，particularlyamongyoungpeople.Theindustry'stradeassociationCTIA，estimates（估计）morethan48billiontextmessagesaresenteachmonth.TheplancomesfromtheWarningAlertandResponseNetworkAct，a2006federallawthatrequiresimprovementstotheemergencyalertsystem.TheacttaskedtheFederalCommunicationsCommission（FCCwithcomingupwithnewwaystoalertthepublicaboutemergencies.“TheabilitydeliveraccurateandtimelywarningsandalertsthroughcellphonesandothermobileservicesisanimportantnextstepinoureffortsensurethattheAmericanpublichastheinformationtheyneedtotakeactiontoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies，andduring，disastersandotheremergencies，FCCChairmanKevinMartin，followingtheplan.Participationinalertsystembycarriers-telecommunicationscompaniesisvoluntary，butitreceivedsupportfromthewirelessindustry.Theprogramwouldbeoptionalforcellphoneusers.TheyalsomaynotchargedforreceivingTherewouldbethreedifferenttypesofmessagesaccordingtotherules.Thefirstwouldbeanationalalertfromthepresidentlikelyinvolvinganaturaldisaster.Thesecondwouldinvolve“approachingthreats”whichcouldincludenaturaldisasterslikehurricanesstormsoruniversityshootings.Thethirdwouldbeforchildabduction（绑架）emergencies，orso-calledAmberAlerts.Theservicecouldbeinplaceby2010.（年高考英语山东卷篇66.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe？CellPhoneAlertsProtectingStudentsCellPhoneAlertsWirelessIndustryCellPhoneAlertsNationalDisastersCellPhoneAlertsComingSoon3/解析：。主旨大意题。第一段开门见山，提出将创建一个全国性的短信警报系统；最后一段重申主题，对这种新系统的未来进行展望。因此最准确的标题是D。A项错在protectingstudents；B项在bywirelessindustry；C错在NationalDisasters。4、词义句意题解题技巧要求考生通过阅读上下文，结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思。出现特征：划线或者引号解题方法之一：根据上下文，往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。Weekslater，standingthisunfriendlymasswastotallylost.Ohwell，IloweredthepaperandsatdownatmyburningtofindoutwhatIhadwrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisitallbecame，“MyreportisonGeorge，themanstartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequite！HowcouldIknowthatmeantthatGeorgeWashington？62.Theunderlinedword“burninginPbablymeans（2012年北京，篇，62，答案D）A.annoyedB.ashamedC.readyD.eager解析：从burning这词来说，意为“发热的，强烈的，燃烧的”，后面紧跟动词词组“findout”明在寻找时刻的情是很紧张和急迫的，最后是一个宾语从句，是我曾经做错过什么，那么这个题目显然就是选择和“渴望的，热切的”词义，显然为D选。5、结构顺序题解题技巧常见提问方式：HowisthepassageorganizedWhichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage？Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainly….解题思路：注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，找出或者总结每段的主题句主句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之mainidea。最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。TheDiet：ADangerousPlaceDiet，dietPepsi，dietpillsno-fatdietvegetablediet…Wearesurroundedbytheword”everywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietaredoingtous.Wearepayingproductsthatharmuspsychologicallyandphysically（身体上.4/Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.Onone，wearenotallowingourbraintoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallytheweight，butcontrollingtheoffatty，high-calorie，unhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale（秤）instead.Allwetoistoswalloworrecognizetheword“diet”infoodlabels.Onanotherlevel，dietproductsgreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrink，wearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon'ductsmakepeoplebelievecomeswithoutpain，andthatlifecanbewithoutresistanceandstruggle.Thedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveon，butalsoinphysicalharmthattheycause.foodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseconsumingtheminsteadhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients营养成分.Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocaloriesonlythedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.Dietproductsmaynotbe，andthechemicalthatgointodietproductsarepotentiallydangerous.Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonus，itistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofminds，notinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizewebebetterabletoresistdiet，thereforepreventthepsychologicalharmthatcomesfromusingthem.高英语北京卷E篇75.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofpassage？5/解析第段点明节食产品误导人们段明节食产品对人们心理上的影响；第三段说明节食产品误导人们认为不费劲就可以减肥对人们身体上的危害四说明节食产品的危害五说明人应该慎重对待节食产品从文章结构上看应该是B项正确。二、七选五型阅读考生需要在语篇信息存在缺失的情况下确理解整篇文章别是设题部位前后句的逻辑关系，通过上下文的线索进行判断，预测下文，然后做出正确判断。命题分析们如果把整篇文章看成一个信息群个息群实际上是由两大信息版块构成的：已知信息：原文在五处空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息待选信息：七个待选选项中的信息这两个信息板块间绝不是孤立的是紧密的互动逻辑关系起是一篇完整的文章。考试题型对学生的考察能力来看无外乎两个方面：把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系把握微观信息间关联性（即空格前后句间关系）解题方法：词汇同现、词汇复现、代词妙用、数字线索、逻辑线索。MuzakThetimeyougointoabank，astore，orasupermarket，stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear？_____（71）It'ssimilartothemusicyoulistento，butit'snotexactlythesame.That'sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou，ortogiveextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon'teventhemusicplaying，butyoureacttothemusicanyway.Quietbackgroundmusictobecalled“elevator（电梯）music”becauseweoftenhearditinelevators.Butlatelyhearitinmoreandmoreplaces，andithasanew“MuzakAboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericato“Muzak”everyday.Themusicplaysminutesat，withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandinmorning，andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon，whenpeoplearemoretired.______（72）IfyoutoMuzakcarefully，youwillprobablyrecognizenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon'twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak，butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.？_____（73）Musicisoftenplayedpublicplacesitisdesignedtopeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportahotel.IthasbeenMuzakdoeswhatitdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemorewhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakin_____（74）Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentgroceries.6/_____（75sayit'sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother，Muzakaffectseveryone.farmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhear！（2010高考英语北京卷）Somepeopledon'tlikeMuzak.Themusicgivesth