《文化万象：英语视听说（高级篇）》课件Chapter 5 Internet

Part1:FamousQuotesPart2:BackgroundknowledgePart3:ListeningandSpeakingPracticePart4:听说秘籍之模仿（Imitation）Chapter5InternetPart1:FamousQuotesTheInternetisbecomingthetownsquarefortheglobalvillageoftomorrow.--BillGates互联网会成为明日地球村的村中广场。比尔•盖茨TheInternetislikealcoholinsomesense.Itaccentuateswhatyouwoulddoanyway.Ifyouwanttobealoner,youcanbemorealone.EstherDyson某种程度上互联网就像酒精。不管你想做什么，都会事半功倍。如果你想一个人独处，它会让你越来越孤独；如果你想和其他人联系，它会让联系越来越容易。埃丝特•戴森AdvancesincomputertechnologyandtheInternethavechangedthewayAmericaworks,learns,andcommunicates.TheInternethasbecomeanintegralpartofAmerica'seconomic,political,andsociallife.…BillClinton计算机技术和互联网的发展已经改变了美国人工作，学习和沟通的方式。互联网已经成了美国人经济，政治和社会生活密不可分的一部分。比尔•克林顿Part2:Backgroundknowledge(1)FortyYearsoftheInternet:HowtheWorldChangedforEver

ByOliverBurkemane

Source:TheGuardian,Friday23October2009【背景知识】作者OliverBurkeman出生于1975年,是英国卫报的一名记者。他曾获过ForeignPressAssociation’sYoungJournalistoftheYear这个奖项,他也是2006年OrwellPrize的提名候选人。OliverBurkema还撰写了一个非常受欢迎的专栏,该专栏每周一次,关于心理学方面的内容。专栏有个好听的名字叫ThisColumnWillChangeYourLife。他也撰写自己的博客。本书中的这篇短文摘自他发表在英国卫报上的一篇关于互联网发展史的长文，因为篇幅有限，因此只节选了其中的一部分。Vocabularyrequisite [ˈrɛkwɪzɪt]adj.需要的，必要的ecumenical [ˌɛkjəˈmɛnɪkəl]adj.普世的；泛基督教的portentous [pɔ:rˈtentəs]adj.自命不凡的;装腔作势的tangible [ˈtændʒəbəl]adj.可触知的;有形的nascent [ˈnæsənt]adj.初生的;初期的fittingly ['fɪtɪŋlɪ]adv.适切地，适合地biblical [ˈbɪblɪkl]adj.圣经的;依据圣经的;Towardstheendofthesummerof1969–afewweeksafterthemoonlandings,afewdaysafterWoodstock,andamonthbeforethefirstbroadcastofMontyPython'sFlyingCircus–alargegreymetalboxwasdeliveredtotheofficeofLeonardKleinrock,aprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniainLosAngeles.Itwasthesamesizeandshapeasahouseholdrefrigerator,andoutwardly,atleast,ithadaboutasmuchcharm.ButKleinrockwasthrilled:aphotographfromthetimeshowshimstandingbesideit,inrequisitelate-60sbrowntieandbrowntrousers,beaminglikeaproudfather.Hadhetriedtoexplainhisexcitementtoanyonebuthisclosestcolleagues,theyprobablywouldn'thaveunderstood.Thefewoutsiderswhoknewofthebox'sexistencecouldn'tevengetitsnameright:itwasanIMP,or"interfacemessageprocessor",buttheyearbefore,whenaBostoncompanyhadwonthecontracttobuildit,itslocalsenator,TedKennedy,sentatelegrampraisingitsecumenicalspiritincreatingthefirst"interfaithmessageprocessor".Needlesstosay,though,theboxthatarrivedoutsideKleinrock'sofficewasn'tamachinecapableoffosteringunderstandingamongthegreatreligionsoftheworld.Itwasmuchmoreimportantthanthat.It'simpossibletosayforcertainwhentheinternetbegan,mainlybecausenobodycanagreeonwhat,precisely,theinternetis.(Thisisonlypartlyaphilosophicalquestion:itisalsoamatterofegos,sinceseveralofthepeoplewhomadekeycontributionsareanxioustoclaimthecredit.)But29October1969–40yearsagonextweek–hasastrongclaimforbeing,asKleinrockputsittoday,"thedaytheinfantinternetuttereditsfirstwords".At10.30pm,asKleinrock'sfellowprofessorsandstudentscrowdedaround,acomputerwasconnectedtotheIMP,whichmadecontactwithasecondIMP,attachedtoasecondcomputer,severalhundredmilesawayattheStanfordResearchInstitute,andanundergraduatenamedCharleyKlinetappedoutamessage.SamuelMorse,sendingthefirsttelegraphmessage125yearspreviously,chosetheportentousphrase:"WhathathGodwrought?"ButKline'staskwastologinremotelyfromLAtotheStanfordmachine,andtherewasnoopportunityforportentousness:hisinstructionsweretotypethecommandLOGIN.Ontheotherhand,thebreakthroughaccomplishedthatnightin1969wasadecidedlydown-to-earthone.TheArpanetwasnot,initself,intendedassomekindofsecretweapontoputtheSovietsintheirplace:itwassimplyawaytoenableresearcherstoaccesscomputersremotely,becausecomputerswerestillvastandexpensive,andthescientistsneededawaytoshareresources.(Thenotionthatthenetworkwasdesignedsothatitwouldsurviveanuclearattackisanurbanmyth,thoughsomeofthoseinvolvedsometimesusedthatargumenttoobtainfunding.)ThetechnicalproblemsolvedbytheIMPswasn'tveryexciting,either.Itwasalreadypossibletolinkcomputersbytelephonelines,butitwasglaciallyslow,andeverycomputerinthenetworkhadtobeconnected,byadedicatedline,toeveryothercomputer,whichmeantyoucouldn'tconnectmorethanahandfulofmachineswithouteverythingbecomingmonstrouslycomplexandcostly.Thesolution,called"packetswitching"–whichoweditsexistencetotheworkofaBritishphysicist,DonaldDavies–involvedbreakingdatadownintoblocksthatcouldberoutedaroundanypartofthenetworkthathappenedtobefree,beforegettingreassembledattheotherend."Ithoughtthiswasimportant,butIdidn'treallythinkitwasaschallengingaswhatIthoughtofasthe'realresearch',"saysCrocker,agenialCalifornian,now65,whowentontoplayakeyroleintheexpansionoftheinternet."Iwasparticularlyfascinated,inthosedays,byartificialintelligence,andbytryingtounderstandhowpeoplethink.Ithoughtthatwasamuchmoresubstantialandrespectableresearchtopicthanmerelyconnectingupafewmachines.Thatwascertainlyuseful,butitwasn'tart."Still,KleinrockrecallsatangiblesenseofexcitementthatnightasKlinesatdownattheSDSSigma7computer,connectedtotheIMP,andatthesametimemadetelephonecontactwithhisoppositenumberatStanford.Ashiscolleagueswatched,hetypedtheletterL,tobeginthewordLOGIN."HaveyougottheL?"heasked,downthephoneline."GottheL,"thevoiceatStanfordresponded.KlinetypedanO."HaveyougottheO?""GottheO,"Stanfordreplied.KlinetypedaG,atwhichpointthesystemcrashed,andtheconnectionwaslost.TheGdidn'tmakeitthrough,whichmeantthat,quitebyaccident,thefirstmessageevertransmittedacrossthenascentinternetturnedout,afterall,tobefittinglybiblical:"LO."(2)AMillionFirstDates

ByDanSlater【背景知识】本篇文章节选自AMillionFirstDates一书。该书的作者试图从客观的角度剖析网络约会对现实的一夫一妻制产生的影响。节选该书内容的出发点在于互联网的发展催生了网络约会相亲交友等等，使得现实的情况变得非常复杂，希望这篇短文能让我们对网络交友有所了解。在随后的听力部分中有网络交友方面的内容，希望这篇短文能起到抛砖引玉的作用。Vocabularycompatible

[kəmˈpætəbəl]adj.兼容的，相容的;和谐的，elusive

[ɪˈlusɪv]adj.难以捉摸的;undermine

[ˌʌndərˈmaɪn]v.逐渐削弱,从根基处破坏allure

[əˈlʊr]n.诱惑力，魅力exec

[ɪɡ'zek]abbr.ofexecutiven.执行官,执行者hypothesize [haɪˈpɑ:θəsaɪz]v.假设，假定exhilarating [ɪɡˈzɪləˌretɪŋ]adj.振奋的;使人高兴的Thepositiveaspectsofonlinedatingareclear:theInternetmakesiteasierforsinglepeopletomeetothersinglepeoplewithwhomtheymightbecompatible,raisingthebarforwhattheyconsideragoodrelationship.Butwhatifonlinedatingmakesittooeasytomeetsomeonenew?Whatifitraisesthebarforagoodrelationshiptoohigh?Whatiftheprospectoffindinganever-more-compatiblematewiththeclickofamousemeansafutureofrelationshipinstability,inwhichwekeepchasingtheelusiverabbitaroundthedatingtrack?Ofcourse,nooneknowsexactlyhowmanypartnershipsareunderminedbytheallureoftheInternetdatingpool.Butmostoftheonline-dating-companyexecutivesIinterviewedwhilewritingmynewbook,LoveintheTimeofAlgorithms,agreedwithwhatresearchappearstosuggest:theriseofonlinedatingwillmeananoveralldecreaseincommitment.“Thefuturewillseebetterrelationshipsbutmoredivorce,”predictsDanWinchester,thefounderofafreedatingsitebasedintheU.K.“Theolderyougetasaman,themoreexperiencedyouget.Youknowwhattodowithwomen,howtotreatthemandtalktothem.Addtothattheeffectofonlinedating.”Hecontinued,“Ioftenwonderwhethermatchingyouupwithgreatpeopleisgettingsoefficient,andtheprocesssoenjoyable,thatmarriagewillbecomeobsolete.”“Historically,”saysGregBlatt,theCEOofM’sparentcompany,“relationshipshavebeenbilledas‘hard’because,historically,commitmenthasbeenthegoal.Youcouldsayonlinedatingissimplychangingpeople’sideasaboutwhethercommitmentitselfisalifevalue.”Matescarcityalsoplaysanimportantroleinpeople’srelationshipdecisions.“Look,ifIlivedinIowa,I’dbemarriedwithfourchildrenbynow,”saysBlatt,a40somethingbachelorinManhattan.“That’sjusthowitis.”Anotheronline-datingexechypothesizedaninversecorrelationbetweencommitmentandtheefficiencyoftechnology.“Ithinkdivorcerateswillincreaseaslifeingeneralbecomesmorereal-time,”saysNiccolòFormai,theheadofsocial-mediamarketingatBadoo,ameeting-and-datingappwithabout25millionactiveusersworldwide.“ThinkabouttheevolutionofotherkindsofcontentontheWeb—stockquotes,news.Thegoalhasalwaysbeentomakeitfaster.Thesamethingwillhappenwithmeeting.It’sexhilaratingtoconnectwithnewpeople,nottomentionbeneficialforreasonshavingnothingtodowithromance.Younetworkforajob.Youfindaflatmate.Overtimeyou’llexpectthatconstantflow.Peoplealwayssaidthattheneedforstabilitywouldkeepcommitmentalive.Butthatthinkingwasbasedonaworldinwhichyoudidn’tmeetthatmanypeople.”Part3:ListeningandSpeakingPracticePass1:FindFriendsontheInternet【背景知识】过去在没有互联网的年代,如果要和一个陌生人交朋友,或者想要通过交朋友多了解别的文化,传统的方式是交笔友,英文叫penpals。有了网络之后交友更容易了,通过网络交的朋友英文可以叫keypals,中文可以称之为网友,网络笔友或者叫键友。在下面的音频中听到的就是这方面的内容。Vocabularyreputable [ˈrɛpjətəbəl]adj.值得尊敬的，声誉好的enforcement[ɪn'fɔ:smənt]n.强制，实施，执行appropriate [əˈproʊpriət]adj.适当的;合适的;恰当的Task1:GeneralUnderstanding

Directions:Listentothepassageonceandtrytograspitsmainidea.YoumaydothiseitherinChineseorEnglish.Themainideaofthepassageis____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.CareandconsiderationshouldbegivenwhenfindingfriendsontheInternet.Task2:TrueorFalseDirections:Listentothepassageandtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse(T/F).

1)()WiththeInternet,findingfriendshasbecomemucheasier.2)()Youcanjoinaservicewithoutdoingyourresearch.3)()Youshoulduseanicknametoprotectyourselfonline.4)()Youshouldnotgiveyourpersonalinformationtoanyoneonline.5)()Tohelpyoutounderstandaculture,youcanaskanyquestion.Keys:TFTTFTask3:BlankFillingDirections:Listentothepassageagainandfillinthefollowingblanks.ManystudentswanttofindfriendsontheInternetasawayof(1)__________theirlanguageskillsandlearningmoreaboutnewcultures.Traditionalpenpalswerethe(2)__________sourceforsuchcontacts,andstudentscouldwriteeachotherletters.WiththeInternet,findingfriendshasbecomemucheasier,andsuchrelationshipsarecalledkeypals.practicingprimaryHowever,careandconsiderationshouldbegivenwhenfindingfriendsontheInternet.First:SearchtheInternetfor(3)__________services.Lookfor(4)__________ofsuchsitestolearnmoreaboutotherstudents'experiences.Don'tjoinaserviceuntilyouhavedoneyourresearch.Second:Checktoseeifyoucanuseanickname,ratherthanyourrealname,toprotectyouridentity.Third:Nevergivepersonalinformationtoanyone,includingyourhomeaddress,phonenumber,andbirthday.reputablereviewsFourth:Stopcontactwithothersifyoufeeluncomfortablewiththetopicsofconversation.Again,ifyouprotectyouridentity,thiswillbeeasiertodo.Tellyourteachers,parents,orevenlocallawenforcementifproblems(5)__________.AndFinally,Trytousethelanguageyouarestudyingintheclassroominyour(6)____________________withothers.Askappropriatequestionsthatwillhelpyoulearnaboutothercultures.Rememberthatone'spersonalexperiencemightbejustthat:Tounderstandawholeculture,youhavetotalktomanypeople,butthiswillgetyoustarted.Goodluck.arisecommunicationsTask4:ShadowSpeakingPracticeDirections:Listentothepassageacoupleoftimesandrepeatthewordsthatyou’vejustheardsentencebysentence.Retellthepassagefirstonyourownthencheckyourworkwithyourfriends.Finallyreportthepassagetoyourclassmates.Pass2:BeingStalkedOnline【背景知识】网路霸凌(cyber-bullying)是网路时代的新兴产物。由于网络的匿名特性，使得使用者往往不用表明身分，仅靠一个昵称，即通行整个网络。因此，这类型的网络使用者借由网络的此特性，会展现出与日常生活不同的型态。下面这篇音频中的文章就是关于网络霸凌这一话题。Vocabularystalk

[stɔ:k]vt.跟踪tactic

[ˈtæktɪk]n.战术;策略enact

[ɛnˈækt]vt.制定法律beatsomeoneup 殴打某人stepin

介入；加入lookintosomething 了解，研究（某事）Inverness 因弗内斯(苏格兰最北部的一座城市)Task1:GeneralUnderstandingDirections:Listentothepassageonceandtrytograspitsmainidea.YoumaydothiseitherinChineseorEnglish.Themainideaofthepassageis____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Agirlwasstalkedonlinebyanothergirl.Shewasaskingforadviceandhelp.Task2:WordMatchingDirections:ListentothepassageagainandmatchthefollowingwordswiththeirChinesemeanings.threateningmessages

实行反网络霸凌的法律gotojail

进监狱enactlawsagainstcyberbullying

介入stepin

威胁短信Task3:ListeningComprehensionDirections:ListentothepassageagainandchoosethebestanswerfromthechoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A)Thegirlhasbeenstalkedbyaboyforaboutayear.B)Thegirlhasbeenstalkednomatterwhereshegoesforaboutayear.C)Thegirlhasbeenstalkedonlineforaboutayear.D)Thegirlhasbeenstalkedbyaboynomatterwhereshegoesforaboutayear.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedbythegirlbeingstalked?A)Thestalkerhassentthreateningmessagesonline.B)Thestalkerwasgoingtokillthegirl.C)Thestalkerthreatenedtobeatthegirlup.D)Thestalkerhasbeenstalkingthegirlforaboutayear.3.Whathasthegirldonetoprotectherself?A)Shehaschangedhercellphonenumbertwice.B)Shehasreportedthistotheschoolprincipal.C)ShehasshutdownherMySpace.D)Shehastoldherparentshersituation.4.Accordingtothesuggestionsgiventothegirl,thegirlshouldnot_________.A)talktoherparentsaboutthefactthatshehasbeenstalkedforaboutayear.B)letherparentstalktothepolice.C)letherparentstalktotheschoolprincipal.D)keepsilentabouthersituation.5.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeconsideredasthemainideaofthepassage?A)Cyberbullying.

B)Domesticviolence.C)Crime.D)Revenge.Keys:CBADATask4:ShadowSpeakingPracticeDirections:Listentothepassageacoupleoftimesandrepeatthewordsthatyou’vejustheardsentencebysentence.Retellthepassagefirstonyourownthencheckyourworkwithyourfriends.Finallyreportthepassagetoyourclassmates.Pass3:E-mailSpamIrksomeSurvey【背景知识】一封e-mail被定义为垃圾邮件(e-mailspam)要满足以下三个条件1.Anonymity:Theaddressandidentityofthesenderareconcealed匿名：邮件发送者隐匿了自己的地址和身份2．MassMailing:Theemailissenttolargegroupsofpeople群发：邮件同时发送给很多人3．Unsolicited:Theemailisnotrequestedbytherecipients主动发送：邮件接受者没有要求他人给他发送此邮件Thereareanumberofotherlessformalcharacteristicsthatyouwilltypicallyfindpresentinspamemails.Thereisusuallynowayforarecipienttoopt-outoffutureemailsends.TheemailistypicallysentfromaninternationalIPaddresstoavoidbothtrackingandsubjectivitytoUSlaws.And,ofcourse,theemailalmostexclusivelypromotes"scam"activitiesthatwouldrequiretheusertoturnoversensitivefinancialorpersonalinformationtothesenderoftheemail.Inshort,spamemailisanyemailthatwasnotrequestedbyauserbutwassenttothatuserandmanyothers,typically(butnotalways)withmaliciousintent.Thesourceandidentityofthesenderisanonymousandthereisnooptiontoceasereceivingfutureemails.Vocabularybombard

[bɑ:mˈbɑ:rd]vt.炮击，轰炸nagging [ˈnæɡɪŋ]adj.使人不得安宁的pornography [pɔ:rˈnɑ:grəfi]n.色情fraud [frɔ:d]n.欺诈;骗子propensity [prəˈpɛnsɪti]n.倾向irksome [ˈɜ:rksəm]adj.<正>令人厌烦的inadvertently [ˌɪnədˈvɜ:rtəntli]adv.疏忽地；非故意地defraud [dɪˈfrɔ:d]vt.诈取，骗取；欺骗legislation [ˌlɛdʒɪˈsleʃən]n.立法，制定法律poll [pəʊl]vt.对…进行调查Task1:TrueorFalseDirections:Listentothepassageandtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse(T/F)1)()E-mailspamisanannoyingproblemtointernetusers.2)()Mostoftherecipientsofjunkemailswoulddeletethemessagesaftertheyreadthem.3)()Someinternetusersworriedthattheywoulddeletesomeimportantinformationinadvertentlywhentheydeletedjunkemails.4)()Somepeopleworriedthattheywouldbedefraudedbyjunkemails.5)()manypeoplehopethegovernmentwoulddosomethingtodealwithe-mailspam.Keys:TFTTTTask2:ListeningComprehensionDirections:ListentothepassageagainandchoosethebestanswerfromthechoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).1.Asurveyone-mailspamreleasedbytheTaiwanInternetAssociationfoundthat_____________.A)Internetusesreceive29junke-mailseachweek.B)75%percentofinternetuserswouldsimplydeletethejunkemailsbeforetheyreadthem.C)E-mailspamhasbecomeanaggingproblem.D)junke-mailsarecomputerviruses.2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedaccordingtothesurveyreleasedbytheTaiwanInternetAssociation?A)SomejunkemailsthatInternetusersreceivearerelatedtopornography.B)SomejunkemailsthatInternetusersreceivearerelatedtofraud.C)SomejunkemailsthatInternetusersreceivearerelatedtodomesticviolence.D)SomejunkemailsthatInternetusersreceivearerelatedtoonlineshopping.3.Ontheeffectsofjunke-mail,whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?A)Junke-mailsmayspreadcomputerviruses.B)Junke-mailsareawasteoftime,computerandInternetresources.C)Junkemailsareirksome.D)Junkemailsareinfectious.4.Whichofthefollowingwordscannotbeusedtodescribee-mailspam?A)Amazing.

B)Irksome.

C)Annoying.

D)Disturbing.5.Whatofthefollowingstatementscanbeconsideredasthemainideaofthepassage?A)Junke-mailscanbereceiveddaily.B)Internetusersfounde-mailspamirksome.C)Peopleusee-mailsdaily.D)Thegovernmentshouldformulatelegislationtodealwithjunke-mails.Keys:CCDABTask3:ShadowSpeakingPracticeDirections:Listentothepassageacoupleoftimesandrepeatthewordsthatyou’vejustheardsentencebysentence.Retellthepassagefirstonyourownthencheckyourworkwithyourfriends.Finallyreportthepassagetoyourclassmates.Pass4:MultiStakeholderCooperation【背景知识】联合国互联网治理论坛（InternetGovernanceForum,IGF）成立于2006年11月，是联合国根据信息社会世界峰会的决定设立的有关互联网治理问题的开放式论坛，秘书处设在瑞士日内瓦。TheInternetGovernanceForum(IGF)isamulti-stakeholderforumforpolicydialogueonissuesofInternetgovernance.ItbringstogetherallstakeholdersintheInternetgovernancedebate,whethertheyrepresentgovernments,theprivatesectororcivilsociety,includingthetechnicalandacademiccommunity,onanequalbasisandthroughanopenandinclusiveprocess.TheestablishmentoftheIGFwasformallyannouncedbytheUnitedNationsSecretary-GeneralinJuly2006.ItwasfirstconvenedinOctober–November2006andhasheldanannualmeetingsincethen.TheUnitedNationspublisheditsendorsementofafive-yearmandatefortheIGFinApril2006.ThereweretworoundsofconsultationswithregardstotheconveningofthefirstIGF:1.16–17ofFebruary2006–ThefirstroundofconsultationswasheldinGeneva.Thetranscriptsofthetwo-dayconsultationsareavailableintheIGFsite.2.19May2006–ThesecondroundofconsultationswasopentoallstakeholdersandwascoordinatedforthepreparationsoftheinauguralIGFmeeting.ThemeetingchairmanwasNitinDesaiwhoistheUnitedNationsSecretary-General'sSpecialAdviserforInternetGovernance.TheconveningoftheIGFwasannouncedon18July2006,withtheinauguralmeetingoftheForumtobeheldinAthens,Greecefrom30Octoberto2November2006.Vocabularyprominent [ˈprɒmɪnənt]adj.著名的;突出的stakeholder [ˈsteɪkhoʊldə(r)]n.利益相关者address [əˈdres]vt.着手处理evolve [iˈvɒlv]vi.发展vibrant [ˈvaɪbrənt]adj.充满生气的;academia [ˌækəˈdimiə]n.学术界，学术环境Task1:GeneralUnderstandingDirections:Listentothepassageonceandtrytograspitsmainidea.YoumaydothiseitherinChineseorEnglish.Themainideaofthepassageis____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.InternetMultiStakeholderCooperationwasheldrecentlyinBali,Indonesia.Andoneoftheprominentthemesdiscussedbyparticipantswastheroleofnon-governmentalactorsininternationalInternetpolicyissues.Task2:BlankFillingDirections:Listentothepassageagainandfillinthefollowingblanks.AttheInternetGovernanceForumheldrecentlyinBali,Indonesia,oneoftheprominent(1)__________discussedbyparticipantswasthe(2)__________ofnon-governmentalactorsininternationalInternetpolicyissues.themesrole“Weareseeingincreasingeffortstoshutnon-governmentalstakeholdersoutoftheglobalconversationonInternetissues.Someoftheexclusionispolitically(3)____________,andsomeofitisduetoresourceconstraints.TheUSiscommittedtoaddressingboth,”saidStateDepartment’sDeputyAssistantSecretaryforDemocracy,HumanRightsandLaborScottBusbyattheIGF.motivatedTheInternetevolvedtobecomesucha(4)__________enablerofsocialandeconomicpotentialbecauseitwasopenforeveryonetoinnovateandparticipate.U.S.CoordinatorforInternationalCommunicationsandInformationPolicyAmbassadorDanielSepulvedasaid,“Today,itisacrucialpartofthe(5)_______economy,offreeexpression,andofinclusiveeconomicdevelopment.”powerfulglobal“TheU.S.governmentstronglybelievesthattheglobalcommunityisbestpositionedto(6)__________fromavibrant,growingInternetenvironmentwherecommercial,civilsocietyandgovernmentalstakeholdersjointlyparticipate,”AmbassadorSepulvedasaidattheconclusionofhisIGFopeningremarks.benefit“Letusthinkcreativelyinordertobringmoredevelopingcountrygovernments,alongwiththeir(7)______________incivilsociety,academia,andindustrytothetableofourmulti-stakeholderInternetinstitutions.Letusgrowandevolvetogetherandletuscollectivelymoveforwardtoensurethatwemakethemostofthiscompelling(8)______________.”counterpartopportunityThroughouttheconferencetheU.S.(9)_____________,whichalsoincludedCoordinatorforCyberIssuesChristopherPainter,echoedthemessagethatpeoplefromallsectorsandfromallpartsoftheworlddeserveaseatatthetable.TheIGFisaplacewhereanyinterestedpersoncancometodiscussthepressingInternetpolicyissuesoftheday.TheUnitedStatesstronglysupportsopenandinclusiveforums,liketheIGF,fordiscussionofinternationalInternetpolicy(10)__________.delegationmattersTask3:ShadowSpeakingPracticeDirections:Listentothepassageacoupleoftimesandrepeatthewordsthatyou’vejustheardsentencebysentence.Retellthepassagefirstonyourownthencheckyourworkwithyourfriends.Finallyreportthepassagetoyourclassmates.【背景知识】Bitcoin是点对点(peer-to-peer)基于网络的匿名数字货币。点对点(peer-to-peer)的意思是指没有中央权威控制货币的汇款通道。相反，这些货币转帐的任务是由网络节点进行的集体管理。匿名意味交易各方可以隐藏自己的真实身份。Bitcoin并非一种真实存在的“钱”，它其实是一种数字通货,一种可用来在允许接受这种货币的地方交换商品和服务的虚拟代币，从流通货币不同的是，Bitcoin是完全匿名的，也就是说你用Bitcoin支付交易时，买卖双方完全无法通过任何方式知晓对方的身份。这种特性大大吸引了隐私保护提倡者的关注。Pass5:BitcoinBitcoinisapaymentsysteminventedbySatoshiNakamoto,whopublishedtheinventionin2008andreleaseditasopen-sourcesoftwarein2009.Thesystemispeer-to-peer;userscantransactdirectlywithoutneedinganintermediary.Transactionsareverifiedbynetworknodesandrecordedinapublicdistributedledgercalledtheblockchain.Theledgerusesitsownunitofaccount,alsocalledbitcoin.Thesystemworkswithoutacentralrepositoryorsingleadministrator,whichhasledtheUSTreasurytocategorizeitasadecentralizedvirtualcurrency.Bitcoinisoftencalledthefirstcryptocurrency,althoughpriorsystemsexisted.Bitcoinismorecorrectlydescribedasthefirstdecentralizeddigitalcurrency.Itisthelargestofitskindintermsoftotalmarketvalue.Bitcoinsarecreatedasarewardforpaymentprocessingworkinwhichusersoffertheircomputingpowertoverifyandrecordpaymentsintoapublicledger.Thisactivityiscalledminingandtheminersarerewardedwithtransactionfeesandnewlycreatedbitcoins.Besidesmining,bitcoinscanbeobtainedinexchangefordifferentcurrencies,products,andservices.Userscansendandreceivebitcoinsforanoptionaltransactionfee.Bitcoinasaformofpaymentforproductsandserviceshasgrown,andmerchantshaveanincentivetoacceptitbecausefeesarelowerthanthe2–3%typicallyimposedbycreditcardprocessors.Unlikecreditcards,anyfeesarepaidbythepurchaser,notthevendor.TheEuropeanBankingAuthorityandothersourceshavewarnedthatbitcoinusersarenotprotectedbyrefundrightsorchargebacks.Despiteabigincreaseinthenumberofmerchantsacceptingbitcoin,thecryptocurrencydoesn’thavemuchmomentuminretailtransactions.Theuseofbitcoinbycriminalshasattractedtheattentionoffinancialregulators,legislativebodies,lawenforcement,andmedia.Criminalactivitiesareprimarilycenteredaroundblackmarketsandtheft,butofficialsincountriessuchastheUnitedStatesalsorecognizethatbitcoincanprovidelegitimatefinancialservices.Vocabularycraze

[kreɪz]n.狂热；风尚virtual

[ˈvɜ:tʃuəl]adj.虚拟的back

[bæk]vt.支持anonymous

[əˈnɒnɪməs]adj.匿名的unregulated

[ˌʌn'reɡjʊleɪtɪd]adj.未受管理[控制、约束]的buck

[bʌk]n.（美）钱illicit

[ɪˈlɪsɪt]adj.法律不许可的，非法的brick-and-mortar [b'rɪk'ændm'ɔ:tər]adj.实体的，具体的whipout

迅速拿出；迅速出示