2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题18-虚拟语气

专题十八虚拟语气重难点分析虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目，高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点，考生应予以重视英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表类别用法例句if引导的条件状语从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be多用were，但在口语中，如果主语疋第/一人称，be动词可用was）；主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.如果他在这，他会帮我们的。与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词；主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.如果我那时有空，我就会去拜访你了。与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式；主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.如果明天下雨，我们就不去露营了。其他状语从句asif/though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去兀成式Theyaretalkingwasiftheywere/hadbeenfriendsforyears.他们交谈着，好像是多年的老朋友。evenif/though引导的从句，与现在/将来事实相反时，从句动词用过去式，主句动词用should/would+动词原形；与过去事实相反时，从句动词用had+过去分词，主句动词用should/would+have+过去分词Evenifwefailed,wewouldn'tlosecourage.即使我们失败了，我们也不会失去勇气。宾语从句demand,require,advise,suggest,order,insist（坚持要求）等表命令、建议、要求的动词后所接的宾语从句中的动词用（should）+动词原形Hesuggestedthatwe(should)notchangeourmind.他建议我们不要改变主意。

wish后所接的宾语从句中的谓语动词分别用过去式、过去兀成式和could/would+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反的假设IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.我布望我是一名流行歌手。主语从句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat...,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat.等后所接的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.很奇怪的是这样一个人会成为我们的朋友。表语从句和同位语从句idea,advice,order,demand,request等表命令、建议、要求的名词后所接的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形Myadviceisthatyou(should)finishyourhomeworkfirst.我的建议是你首先应该做完家庭作业。Theideathatyou(should)goisright.你走的建议是正确的。其他句型中Itis(high)timethat…句型中定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形(优先使用过去式)Itishightimethatweleft.该是我们离开的时候了。wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去兀成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.我宁愿你现在待在豕里。ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!要是我们的梦想成真该多好！二、其他要注意的事项虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，在口语中，当主语是第一、三人称单数时，可用was，但在if的倒装句中只能用were。如：WereIyou,Iwouldapologizetoher.如果我是你的话，我就会去向她道歉。suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。如：Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。Heinsistedthathewasright.他坚持认为他是对的。(如insist表“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句则要用虚拟语气)if虚拟语气条件句中如有had,should,were，可省略if,并将这些词提前引起倒装。如：WereIyou,Iwouldremain.如果我是你，我会留下来。Hadyoutoldmeearlier,Iwouldn'thavemissedit.如果你早点告诉我，我就不会错过它了。可用without,butfor构成的介词短语代替虚拟语气条件句。如：Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedtheexam.如果没有你的帮助，我不会通过考试的。Withoutwater,therewouldbenolife.没有水，就没有生命。5.asif/though,evenif/though引导的从句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示真实的情况。如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看起来似乎要下雨了。考点练透一、单句填空用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。—Ifhe(warn),he(nottake)thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit(break).Iwouldratherthey(nothear)ofthenews.Iwish(have)aroomofmywonwhenIwasachild.Butfortheteacher,I(notchange)myattitudetostudyyet.Withoutairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight(be)freezingcold,toocoldforustostay.IfIhadworkedharderatschool,I(sit)inacomfortableofficenow.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe(be)ill,andhercolleaguessuggestedthatshe(have)amedicalexamination.Iinsistedhe(go)toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing(be)wrongwithhim.Heasksthathe(give)anopportunitytoexplainwhyhehasrefusedtogothere.Itishightimewe(get)downtodiscussthisplan.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou(be)toobusy,Iwouldaskyoutohelpmedothisrightnow.Whodoyousuggest(send)toworkthere?Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI(notknow)thatyouwerewaitingforme.Ifit(rain)tomorrow,theoutingwouldbecancelled.Iftherewerenoair,people(die).Ifhe(study)harder,hemightpasstheexam.Ifhe(take)myadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.Wewouldratheryou(go)heretomorrow.20.20.Itishightimethatyou(go)topickupyourdaughteratschool.plainplainn.平原inturn转而二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。Iamamiddleschoolstudent.Ihavemanydreams.Ifthere1(be)notsomuchhomework,IwouldhavemoretimetodowhatIliketodo.HowIwishI2(listen)tomyfavoritemusicforanhouradayand3(play)tabletennisforanhourinthemorning.Itismydesirethatwe4(hold)eveningpartiesor5(organize)someinterestingactivitiesatweekend.Isuggestthatthere6(be)notsomanytests.Youcanimaginewhatlife7(will)beifI8(realize)mydream.ButImustfacttheexams.Withoutgoodmarks,I9(will)notentermyidealuniversity.Anyway,it'shightimethatI10(encourage)myselfandworkedhardfromnowon.三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whatwillhappenificecapsmelt?Theleveloftheworld'soceanswillrise.1thisisnottherealproblem,theproblemisthatthesewhiteicecapsreflectsunlight,muchof2isreflectedbackintospace,inturn3(cool)earth,butwiththeicecapsmelting,4onlyreflectoristheocean,darkercolorabsorbssunlightcausingfurtherwarmingoftheearthwhichcanbeupto80°Cwhichisfatal(致命的)andcancause_5(extinct)ofalllivingorganisms.Ifalltheicemelted,northandsouthpole,Antarctica,Greenland,andall,sealevelswouldrise6175and225feet.•Coastalareaswouldessentiallydisappear,androughlyathirdoftheearth'sexistinglandmass(大陆)_7(flood).Itisestimatedthat60%oftheworld'spopulationlivesinthecoastalplains.Manyinlandareaswouldbeaffectedaswell,8watertables,rivers,andlakeswouldallrise_9theirpreviousheights.•Theanimalsthatliveinthecold(polarbears,penguinsandarcticfoxes)willbecomeendangered.Mostimportantofall,therearemanyother10(predict)badresultshumanmaybefacedwith.Areyouafraidofthatnow?助读词汇reflectorn.反射物reflectorn.反射物essentiallyadv.基本上absorbvt.吸收roughlyadv.粗略地beupto达至Ulivingorganism生物体northandsouthpole北极和南极coastalarea沿海地区Itisestimatedthat...据估计......arcticfox北极狐参考答案考点练透一、单句填空hadbeenwarned;wouldn'thavetaken2.werebroken3.hadn'theard4.hadhad5.wouldn'thavechanged6.wouldbe7.wouldbesitting8.was;(should)have9.(should)go;was10.(should)begive11.got12.are13.besent14.didn'tknow15.should/weretorain16.woulddie17.studied18.hadtaken19.went20.went二、语篇填空1.were2.listened3.played4.(should)hold5.(should)organize6.(should)be7.would8.realized/shouldrealize/weretorealize9.would10.encouraged三、语法填空如果地球上的冰帽都融化的话，会发生什么？But根据上文和空后的thisisnotthere