初三英语语法学案-宾语从句

教育机构一对一初三英语语法一宾语从句直接引语变间接引语就是将引语部分写成宾语从句或动词不定式短语，要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。句型变化:（注意引导词）直接引语间接引语转述陈述句用that引导的宾语从句，无词意，可省略转述一般疑问句用if\whether引导的宾语从句，意思是“ "。（从句用陈述句语序）转述特殊疑问句用原来的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（从句用陈述句语序）转述祈使句用句型asksb(not)todosthtellsb(not)todosthB.时态变化：时态前推法直接引语间接引语现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行时（或不变）过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时1、主句是一般现在时，从句用其所需要的时态。2、主句是一般过去时态时，从句时态用相应的过去时。3、若从句为客观理论、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，不受主句时态限制，从句仍用一般现在时。C.人称变化：如果直接引语中的人称是转述人本身，必须改为与转述人一致的人称代词。“一随主，二随宾，三不变”Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”(Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.)HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”(HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.)Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”(Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker)D.时间状语变化：D.时间状语变化：1.now—thenyesterday—thedaybefore2.thisyear一thatyearlastweek—theweekbefore5.threedaysago—threedaysbefore6.tomorrow—thenextday7.nextweek—theweekafter8.today—thatday9.ago—before 10.lastnight—thenightbeforell.thedaybeforeyesterday—twodaysbeforeE.其它：this—that,these—those,here—there,come—go.Bring—take（注意：表中这些情况，要根据具体情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果在当地转述，here就不必改为there,come也不必改为）F.注意陈述句语序即学即练一、把直接引语改为间接引语。“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.Sheasked,“AreyoufromHubei?”Sheasked Hubei.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.Shesaidtome,“Don,trideinthestreet.”Shemeinthestreet.“IwillgotoAmericanextyear,”hesaidtome.HemegotoAmericanextyear.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthatnevermeat.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthatithomewithher.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.Hemethathemethertheday.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthatheboughtthehouse10years.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”HeJimthathesitthereHeasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”第2页共11页

Heaskedhermotherfoundit.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heaskedknewwhereshe.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.Hethechildrenmakingsomuchnoise.“Don,ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldmehimthenews.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.HeIwasinterestedin.二、单项选择。( )1.CatherinesaidthatshetoGuangzhou.A.hasnevergone B.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeen D.hadneverbeen( )2.Thestudentswanttoknowwhethertheydictationtoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are( )3.SheaskedLindaifgoandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay( )4.Lindasaidthemoonroundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled( )5.Idon'tknowhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when)6.Doyouknowtheylistenedtoyesterdayevening?DhowBwheredidyoursisterworkDhowBwheredidyoursisterworkDwhereyoursisterworkedA.wheredoesyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworks)8.SheaskedmeifIknewA.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit( )9.Youmustremember.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid( )10.Couldyoutellme?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijing B.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijing D.whendidtheyleaveBeijing完成句子第3页共11页.那个女孩想知道他经常会谈些什么？Thegirlwantedtoknowheoften..告诉我那些小孩是否在玩电脑游戏。Tellmethechildrencomputergames..杰克不知道为什么老是叫他去办公室。Jackdidn'tknowhisteacherhimtotheoffice..我认为学游泳一点也不难。Iit'slearntoswim..你能告诉我这是谁的自行车吗？Couldyoupleasetellme ?宾语从句概念：在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句。它一般是由从属连词，连接代词或连接副词来引导。它可以作动词，介词或某些形容词的宾语。句型：主句+连词+宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有that（that在口语中常省略）。whether，if，和连接代词what， which， who， whom及连接副词when，where，how，why。引导词引导词的作用例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.What,which,who,whose,whom等连接代词在从句中做一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等Idon'tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.Heaskedmewhosethebookwas.when,where,why,who等连接副词在从句中做状语Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?if/whether意为“是否”，不做句子成分，但不能省略HeaskedmeifMissZhengwasateacher.eg：Heknew（that）heshouldstudyhard.他知道他应该努力学习。Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein？您能告诉我，您在哪一班吗？Heaskedmeifhecouldcomein，他问我他是否能进来。宾语从句应注意的问题1）时态的一致（主句的时态与从句的时态一致）第4页共11页a.宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。Iknowheliveshere.我知道他住在这儿。Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.我知道他十年前住在这儿。Ihaveheardthathewillcome.我已经听说他要来了。b.宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。IknowwhoHuesh巳r巳.找知道谁住在这儿◎（现在时）Iknowwholivedhere.我知道谁住过这儿◎声时）Everydayheasksusifevetybodyishere.（现去时）每天他都问我们是否所有的人都出席了。Heaskedusifevetybodywashere.他问我们是否所有的人都出席了。Hehassaidthathehasseenit.（现在完成时）他说过他已经看了口Hesaidthathehadseenit.他说他已经看了口2）语序的变化a•陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。陈述句：Heisanhonestman.他是一个诚实的人。宾语从句：Isaidhewasanhonestman.（连词that可省）我说他是一个诚实的人。陈述句：We'llWin.我们会赢。宾语从句：Webelievewe'llwin.我们相信我们会赢。b.一般疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用whether，if连接。一般疑问句：Doeshestudyhard？他学习认真吗？宾语从句：Iwonderif（whether）hestudieshard.我不知道他是否认真学习。一般疑问句：Willtheywin？他们会赢吗?宾语从句：Iaskedif（whether）theywouldwin.我问他们是否会赢。c.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用连接代词或副词（即保留原来的疑问词）。特殊疑问句：Whoishe？他是谁？宾语从句：Doyouknowwhoheis？你知道他是谁吗？特殊疑问句：Whatdoeshewant？他要什么？宾语从句：Idon'tknowwhathewants.我不知道他要什么。注意第5页共11页Whowentthere?(特殊疑问句)谁去那里呢？Iwonderwhowentthere.(宾语从句)我不知道谁去那里。因为是对主语提问，所以特殊疑问句语序不变。变为宾语从句时，语序依然不变。特殊疑问句：Whendidheleave？他何时离开的？宾语从句：Iknowwhenheleft.我知道他是什么时候离开的。特殊疑问句：Wherewillhearrive？他将会到哪里呢？宾语从句：Heaskedmewherehewouldarrive.他问我他将会到哪里。基础训练宾语从句练习一、单项选择( )1.Willyoupleasetellme?A.wherePudongAirportis B.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt( )2.It,snotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland.A.howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB.whattheweatherislikeC.whatyourcitylookslike D.howoldareyou( )3.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,I,llletyouknow.A.willcome;willcome B.comes;comesC.willcome;comes D.comes;willcome( )4.Ican,tsayIwanttoseehimagain.Wehaven,tseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears.A.howlongB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howmuch( )5.Mr.GreentoldmethatheonatripnextSunday.A.aregoingB.wasgoingC.willgo D.wouldgoing( )6.Nobodyknowshe’llcomeornot.A.that B.if C./ D.whether( )7.---Couldyoutellme?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.---Sorry.I,venoidea.Butheherejustnow.A.whereTimwas;was B.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;was D.whereTimis;is( )8.---DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?---Yes.ShewantedtoknowthisSunday.whoyouwouldgoshoppingifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherthatyouwillgoshoppingwhenwillyougoshoppingwithher( )9.---Doyouknow?---Nextweek.whentheteachercamebackwhendidtheteachercomebackwhenwilltheteachercomebackwhentheteacherwillcomeback( )10.---Whatdidtheteachersaybeforetheclasswasover,Julia?---Heaskedus.ifwehadanymorequestionswhatlessonwouldwehavenextwhywouldweprefertostayinside第6页共11页whetherwehavehandedinourpapers( )11.---Doyouknowthemanwithsunglassesis?---I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.what C.whereD.how( )12.Canyoutellusyougrowcottoninyourcountry?A.that B.whetherC.whichD.whose( )13.Couldyoupleasetellmethemeetingwillbegin?A.whatB.whetherC.when D.where( )14.---Whocantellusaboutoverthere?---Wecan,thearclearly.A.whattheytalk B.whatdotheytalkC.whataretheytalking D.whattheyaretalking( )15.---DoyouknowJackleftsoearly?---Idon,tknow.Maybehewashungry.A.what B.whyC.untilD.though( )16.MyuncletoldmethathetoLondonthenextday.A.wouldgoB.goC.wentD.hasgone( )17.---Whatdidthechildrenthinkofthegame?---Thechildrensaidtheythemselvesverymuch.A.if;enjoyB.why;enjoyedC.where;enjoyD.that;enjoyed( )18.---Iamsureyousaidistrue.---Thanks.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who( )19.---IwonderedtheyhadbeentoAmerica.---I,mnotsure.A.if B.whatC.whoD.that( )20.Couldyoutelluswhere?Someoneislookingforhim.A.ishe B.washeC.heisD.hewas( )21.Ourteachersaidthatthemoonaroundtheearth.A.goB.went C.hasgoneD.goes( )22.Myfriendwantedtoknowwithhisnewcar.A.whatwrongis B.whatiswrongC.whatwrongwas D.whatwaswrong( )23.-CouldyoushowmeIcanusetheMP4,please?-Ofcourse.A.that B.howC.whetherD.if( )24.-DoyouknowforShanghailastnight?-At9:00.A.whattimeheleaves B.whattimedoesheleaveC.whattimeheleft D.whattimedidheleave( )25.Ireallywanttoknow.A.whatiswrongwithmybrotherB.howwillhegotoBeijingtomorrowC.ifhadheboughtthatcar D.wheredidhegoyesterday( )26.-Wedon,tknowheis.-Theysayheismuchbetterthesedays.A.what B.who C.how D.where( )27.-Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow.-Yes.Butifit,we,llvisitthemuseuminstead.第7页共11页

A.willyouhave;willrain B.youwillhave;willranC.youwillhave;rains D.willyouhave;rains( )28.Theteachersaidthatthemoontheearth.C.circlingD.circleB.whichoneshelikedbestC.circlingD.circleB.whichoneshelikedbestD.whichonedoesshelikebest( )29.Iaskedthegirl.A.whichonedidshelikebestC.whichoneshelikesbest( )30.-DoyouknowLucyhasvisitedtheGreatWall?-Yes,shehas.ButIdon,tknowwhenit.A.that;shevisited B.if;shevisitedC.that;didshevisit D.if;didshevisit( )31.Youshouldruntheshopyourbosshastaughtyou.A.so B.but C.althoughD.as( )32.-Todayortomorrow?-Whatareyoutalkingabout?-WearetalkingabouttogiveatalkontheTraditionofChineseLiterature.A.how B.where C.when D.what( )33.Welivetheroadcrossestheriver.A.when B.where C.how D.why( )34.Hesaidhetheteacheraboutit.A.hastold B.tells C.istellingD.hadtold( )35.Hesaidtimemoney.A.was B.is C.are D.were( )36.Ididn,tunderstand,soIraisedmyhandtoask.A.whatmyteachersays B.whatdoesmyteachersayC.whatmyteachersaid D.whatdidmyteachersay( )37.-CanyouguesstheMP4playeryesterday?-Sorry,I,venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepayfor B.howcanhegetC.howmuchhepaidfor D.howhehasgot( )38.Doyouknowwhohewithateightlastnight?A.wastalking B.istalkingC.hasbeentalkingD.talks( )39.Pleasetellme.A.whattimeisitB.whattimeitis C.what,sthetime D.whattimebe( )40.-Canyoutellmeyougetonwithyourclassmates?-IhavetoldyoumanytimesIgetonverywellwiththem.A.how;ifB.that;whetherC.how;thatD.whether;that【中考链接】( )1.---Ihearwe,llhaveanewforeignteachersoon.Doyouknowwhen?---Sorry,Ihavenoidea.(08广州)A.hewillcomeB.willhecomeC.ishecomingD.hewascoming